高考英語有關(guān)非謂語動詞的11個重要考點
2008-02-03 16:46:00新浪高考
一、考查不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的基本區(qū)別
從時間關(guān)系上看,不定式表未來,現(xiàn)在分詞表進行,過去分詞表完成,同時注意不定式和現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式也表完成(尤其是表示有明顯的先后關(guān)系的完成);從主動與被動來看,不定式和現(xiàn)在分詞表主動,過去分詞表被動,同時注意不定式和現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式也表被動(不定式的被動式在表被動的同時還兼表未來,現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式在表被動的同時還兼表進行)。如:
1. I send you 100 dollars today,the rest ____ in a year. (2005湖南卷)
A. follows B. followed
C. to follow D. being followed
分析:答案選C。動詞不定式表示未來的動作。
2. ____ from other continents for millions of years,Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world. (2005湖北卷)
A. Being separated
B. Having separated
C. Having been separated
D. To be separated
分析:答案選 C。因為 Australia 與 separate 是被動關(guān)系,且 separate 發(fā)生在謂語動詞has之前,所以用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成被動式作原因狀語。
二、考查非謂語動詞的主動式與被動式
結(jié)合句子意思,考查非謂語動詞與相應(yīng)邏輯主語的關(guān)系,若為主動關(guān)系,用主動式;若為被動關(guān)系,用被動式。此時要特別注意,過去分詞沒有相應(yīng)的被動式,因為它本身可以表示被動。如:
1. The repairs cost a lot,but it’s money well ___. (2005湖北卷)
A. to spend B. spent
C. being spent D. spending
分析:答案選 B。因 money 與 spend 是被動關(guān)系,所以用過去分詞。
2. The prize of the game show is $30,000 and an all expenses ____ vacation to China.(2005北京卷)
A. paying B. paid C. to be paid D. being paid
分析:答案選 B。因 all expenses 與 pay 是被動關(guān)系,故用過去分詞。注意句中的 an 不是修飾 expenses,而是修飾 vacation。
3. When ____ help,one often says,“Thank you.” Or “It’s kind of you.” (2005福建卷)
A. offering B. to offer C. to be offered D. offered
分析:答案選D。因一個人說“謝謝”,應(yīng)當是他“被”提供了幫助,所以要用過去分詞,When offered help... 可視為When he is offered help...之省略。
三、考查非謂語動詞完成式的用法
非謂語動詞(不定式、動名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞)的完成式主要表示發(fā)生在謂語動作之前的動作。做題時要注意根據(jù)題干所提供的語境來推斷這種先后關(guān)系。如:
1. The storm left,____ a lot of damage to this area. (2005全國卷Ⅰ)
A. caused B. to have caused
C. to cause D. having caused
分析:答案選 D。因 The storm 與 cause 是主動關(guān)系,排除選項A;不定式作狀語,前面通常不用逗號,排除 B 和 C;因暴風(fēng)雨給這個地區(qū)“造成損失”是在“結(jié)束”之前,所以用完成式。
2. More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays,____advantage of the health and relaxation benefits. (2005上海卷)
A. taking B. taken
C. having taken D. having been taken
分析:答案選 A。因 people 與 take advantage of 是主動關(guān)系,排除選項 B 和 D;take不會發(fā)生在謂語 are signing up 之前,不用完成式,排除 C。
四、考查非謂語動詞用作伴隨狀語
在通常情況下,表伴隨情況的應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞。如:
1. “You can’t catch me!” Janet shouted,____ away. (2005全國卷Ⅲ)
A. run B. running
C. to run D. ran
分析:答案選 B�,F(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語。
2. He glanced over at her,____ that though she was tiny;she seemed very well put together. (2005廣東卷)
A. noting B. noted C. to note D. having noted
分析:答案選 A。因為 he 與 note 是主謂關(guān)系,且 note 與謂語動詞 glanced 的動作同時發(fā)生,所以用現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式作伴隨狀語。
3. Daddy didn’t mind what we were doing,as long as we were together,____ fun. (2005重慶卷)
A. had B. have C. to have D. having
分析:答案選 D。用現(xiàn)在分詞表伴隨情況。
說明:有時過去分詞也可表伴隨(注意過去分詞同時還表被動關(guān)系),但高考很少考查此用法。如:
He came in,followed by his wife. 他走了進來,后面跟著他的妻子。
五、考查非謂語動詞用作目的狀語
在通常情況下,用作目的狀語只能是不定式。如:
1.“Can the project be finished as planned?” “Sure,____ it completed in time,we’ll work two more hours a day.”(2005福建卷)
A. having got B. to get C. getting D. get
分析:答案選B。作目的狀語只能用動詞不定式。
2. ____ more about university courses,call (920) 746-3789. (2005浙江卷)
A. To find out B. Finding out C. Find out D. Having found out
分析:答案選 A。作目的狀語要用動詞不定式。
3. It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just ____ a look at the sports stars. (2005上海卷)
A. had B. having C. to have D. have
分析:答案選 C�!翱纯大w育明星”是“在體育館外等三個小時”的目的,作目的狀語只能用動詞不定式。
六、考查非謂語動詞用作結(jié)果狀語
1. 用現(xiàn)在分詞表結(jié)果。如:
He fired,killing one of the passers-by. 他開槍了,打死了一個過路人。
Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year,____ a record US $ 57.65 a barrel on April 4. (2005山東卷)
A. have reached B. reaching C. to reach D. to be reaching
分析:答案選 B。伴隨著謂語動詞的發(fā)生而產(chǎn)生的自然結(jié)果,用現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語。
2. 用不定式表結(jié)果。如:
He returned home to find his wife waiting for him. 他回到家發(fā)現(xiàn)他的妻子在等他。
He hurried to the station only ____ that the train had left. (2005廣東卷)
A. to find B. finding C. found D. to have found
分析:答案選 A。only后接不定式表結(jié)果時通常指一種意想不到的結(jié)果,常譯為“結(jié)果卻,不料”。
七、考查非謂語動詞用作賓語補足語
原則上說,所有的非謂語動詞形式均可用作賓語補足語,其區(qū)別是:不定式表未來,現(xiàn)在分詞表進行,過去分詞表完成和被動。如:
1. I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise ____. (2005北京卷)
A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on
分析:答案選 A。作 with 的賓語補足語要用非謂語動詞,排除選項 B 和 C;與謂語動作同時發(fā)生用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語,排除表示將來的不定式選項 D。
2. You should understand the traffic rule by now.You’ve had it ____ often enough.(2005天津卷)
A. explaining B. to explain C. explain D. explained
分析:答案選 D。賓語 it 與 explain 是被動關(guān)系,用過去分詞作賓補。
八、考查非謂語動詞的邏輯主語問題
按照英語習(xí)慣,非謂語動詞的邏輯主語應(yīng)與句子一致,否則就應(yīng)調(diào)整句子結(jié)構(gòu)。如:
While watching television,____. (2005全國卷Ⅲ)
A. the door bell rang B. the doorbell rings
C. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rings
分析:答案選 C。因為 watching 的邏輯主語一定是 we,排除選項 A 和 B;又因在hear 后作賓語補足語的是省略了 to 的不定式,所以選項D中的 rings 是錯誤的。
九、考查非謂語動詞用作主語的問題
原則上說,動詞用作主語,只能是不定式或動名詞,不能是分詞形式。這類考題還往往用動詞原形作為干擾項進行考查,同學(xué)們做題需引起注意。如:
It’s necessary to be prepared for a job interview. ____ the answers ready will be of great help. (2005北京卷)
A. To have had B. Having had C. Have D. Having
分析:答案選 D。動名詞的一般式用作主語。
十、考查“(be +)過去分詞+介詞”結(jié)構(gòu)
有一類“be+過去分詞+介詞”結(jié)構(gòu),如 be interested in,be worried about,be lost in,be dressed in 等,也往往是命題的熱點。如:
1. ____ in the mountains for a week,the two students were finally saved by the local police. (2005江蘇卷)
A. Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. Losing
分析:答案選 B。因表示“迷路于”是lose oneself in,題中沒有 oneself,所以 the two students 與 lose 是被動關(guān)系,應(yīng)該用過去分詞作狀語。
2. ____ in a white uniform,he looks more like a cook than a doctor. (2005湖南卷)
A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed
分析:答案選 A。由 dress 的賓語一定是人或 oneself 可知,dress 與 he 是動賓關(guān)系,即 he 與 dress 是被動關(guān)系,要用過去分詞作狀語,Dressed in...=As he is dressed in...
十一、非謂語動詞的綜合考查
有時命題者會將多個知識點綜合起來進行考查,如在考查被動式的同時兼考完成式,在考查不定式的同時兼考分詞,等等。如:
1. I don’t want ____ like I’m speaking ill of anybody,but the manager’s plan is unfair.(2005天津卷)
A. to sound B. to be sounded
C. sounding D. to have sounded
分析:答案選 A。表示“想要做某事”want 后只能接 to do,排除選項 C;sound like 中 sound 是系動詞,屬不及物動詞,不能用于被動語態(tài),排除選項 B;sound 發(fā)生在 want 后,故不用完成式,排除選項 D。
2. “Is Bob still performing?” “I’m afraid not. He is said ____ the stage already as he has become an official.” (2005江蘇卷)
A. to have left B. to leave
C. to have been left D. to be left
分析:答案選 A。因 he 與 leave 是主動關(guān)系,不用被動式,排除選項 C 和 D;由 already 可知,要用完成式。