2015年高考英語易錯知識點匯總
2015-01-06 18:13:43育路高考網(wǎng)
易錯點1 名詞的單復數(shù)形式的誤判
【典例】—What do you think the should do first?
—They should learn to take as well as share rights in life.
A. grown-up; responsibility B. growns-up; responsibility
C. grown-ups; responsibilities D. growns-ups; responsibilities
錯因分析:有些考生以為grown是復合名詞的中心詞,其復數(shù)形式應該在grown后面加-s;另一方面認為responsibility是不可數(shù)名詞,沒有復數(shù)形式,從而錯選B.其實,grown-up沒有中心名詞,其復數(shù)形式應該在up后面加-s;同時根據(jù)語境可知,responsibility指義務,該單詞作“義務,職責”講時,可作可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞,故正確答案選C.
復合名詞的復數(shù)形式一般在中心名詞后面加-s,如:looker-on → lookers-on, son-in-law → sons-in-law;但是當復合名詞沒有中心名詞時,其復數(shù)形式是在最后的詞后面加-s,如:grown-up → grown-ups; go-between → go-betweens.
易錯點2 名詞的格的誤用
【典例】—Look! This is .
—Very beautiful. When did she take it?
A. my mother‘s picture B. my mother in the picture
C. a picture of my mother D. a picture of my mother‘s
錯因分析:考生可能受漢語思維的影響,錯選A或B;也可能受英語雙重所有格的影響,錯選D.根據(jù)語境可知,正確答案選C.
my mother‘s picture,意為“我媽媽所擁有的照片”,暗含“照片上不一定是我媽媽”; a picture of my mother‘s意為“我媽媽所擁有的照片中的一張”,同樣,暗含“照片上不一定是我媽媽”; a picture of my mother意為“我媽媽的照片(照片中是媽媽)”;my mother in the picture意為“照片中我的媽媽”,暗含“不是真實的媽媽”。
易錯點3 名詞作定語的誤用
【典例】—Where does your sister work, Jack?
—She works in a .
A. shop of cloth B. cloth‘s shop C. shop with clothes D. clothes shop
錯因分析:有些考生會因為對名詞作定語的用法運用不當而錯選B.其實,clothes“服裝”只有復數(shù)形式,而單數(shù)形式“布店”應用shop for cloth或cloth shop,因此,根據(jù)語境可知,正確答案選D.
名詞作定語時一般用其單數(shù)形式,然而,名詞parents, clothes, sports等,作定語時必須要使用其復數(shù)形式。另外,man, woman作定語時,如果中心詞是單數(shù),則用其單數(shù)形式;如果中心詞是復數(shù),則用其復數(shù)形式。
易錯點4 對不可數(shù)名詞的應用判斷失誤
【典例】—I find it very difficult to read novel you lent me last week.
—Yes. It‘s necessary to have good knowledge of history.
A. the;不填 B. a;不填 C. the; a D. a; a
錯因分析:考生可能以為第一空是特指對方上周所借給“我”的小說,故應填定冠詞;第二空后面是抽象名詞,為不可數(shù)名詞,不填冠詞,于是錯選A.然而,此處knowledge之前須用不定冠詞,have a good knowledge of意為“對……很了解”,是固定搭配,故正確答案選C.
英語中,有些抽象名詞,如knowledge, history, failure, success, help, pleasure, surprise, honour等表示抽象概念時,其前面不用不定冠詞,如:with pleasure, in surprise等。但是,當表示具體的概念時,其前面須用不定冠詞,也可以用其復數(shù)形式。
易錯點5 對專有名詞的應用判斷失誤
【典例】—Do you know Li Ming?
—Li Ming? Which one? I know Li Ming in our class very well. He is Lei Feng of our times.
A. 不填;不填 B. a; a C. a; the D. the; the
錯因分析:有些考生可能以為兩個空后面的名詞都是人名,前面不用冠詞,于是錯選A.然而,聯(lián)系語境可知,答話者至少認識兩個李明,而特指他班上的那個李明時前面須用定冠詞;后一空的Lei Feng由of our times修飾,說明是我們時代的特征,須用定冠詞,故正確答案選D.
人名前面加定冠詞,指特定的某個人或某個人的主要特征。地名前面一般不用定冠詞,但是當指特定某時期的地方或某地的主要特征時,須用定冠詞。如:China → the China (of) today; America → the America of last century; the New York of China等。表姓氏的復數(shù)名詞前面用定冠詞表示夫婦兩人或全家人,如:the Greens.