锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵目锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷英锟絑锟絑锟斤拷锟斤拷(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟教帮拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟教帮拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟剿稱锟斤拷锟絶锟角憋拷示"锟斤拷"锟斤拷"锟斤拷"锟斤拷"锟斤拷"锟斤拷"锟斤拷"锟斤拷"锟斤拷"锟斤拷"锟揭傦拷"锟斤拷"锟姐們"锟斤拷"锟斤拷锟斤拷"锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷锟剿稱锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷锟剿稱锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟酵革拷锟阶冿拷锟�锟斤拷見锟铰憋拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷) 锟轿旓拷(sh锟斤拷) 锟斤拷(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷 锟斤拷锟斤拷 锟絜锟斤拷 锟斤拷锟斤拷 锟絜锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟剿稱 I me we us

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节讹拷锟剿稱 you you you you

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿稱 he him they them

锟斤拷锟斤拷she her they them

锟斤拷锟斤拷it it they them

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界：He is my friend.锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷It's me.锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟角憋拷示锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)系锟侥达拷锟絶锟斤拷也锟缴斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷锟叫革拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟缴種锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷蛿锟�(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷變锟斤拷見锟铰憋拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷) 锟轿旓拷(sh锟斤拷) 锟斤拷(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿稱 锟斤拷一锟剿稱 锟节讹拷锟剿稱 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿稱 锟斤拷一锟剿稱 锟节讹拷锟剿稱 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿稱

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶 my your his/her/its our your their

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶 mine yours his/hers/its ours yours theirs

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界： I like his car. 锟斤拷喜锟絞锟斤拷锟斤拷小锟斤拷車锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷Our school is here锟斤拷and theirs is there. 锟揭傦拷锟侥學(xu锟斤拷)校锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角冿拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷 指示锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷示"锟角傦拷(g锟斤拷)"锟斤拷"锟紷锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)"锟斤拷"锟紷些"锟斤拷"锟斤拷些"锟斤拷指示锟斤拷锟斤拷拇锟斤拷~锟斤拷指示锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷this锟斤拷that锟斤拷these锟斤拷those锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界：That is a good idea.锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角傦拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟解。

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷 锟斤拷示"锟斤拷锟皆硷拷"锟斤拷"锟斤拷锟皆硷拷"锟斤拷"锟斤拷锟皆硷拷"锟斤拷"锟揭傦拷锟皆硷拷"锟斤拷"锟姐們锟皆硷拷"锟斤拷"锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆硷拷"锟饺的达拷锟絶锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷也锟絈锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷"锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶"锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界：She was talking to herself.锟斤拷 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絑锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷 锟斤拷示锟洁互锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)系锟侥达拷锟絶锟斤拷锟洁互锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷锟斤拷each other 锟斤拷one another锟缴組锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絓(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟叫ｏ拷锟紷锟缴組锟絶锟絔什么锟斤拷膮^(q锟斤拷)锟絜锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界：They love each other.锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷 锟斤拷锟斤拷指锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟轿猴拷锟截讹拷锟斤拷锟絶锟侥达拷锟絶锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷锟斤拷見锟侥诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷a11锟斤拷both锟斤拷each锟斤拷every锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷some-锟斤拷any-锟斤拷no-锟饺的合成达拷锟絶锟斤拷锟斤拷anybody锟斤拷 something锟斤拷no one锟斤拷锟紷些锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟襟都匡拷锟皆达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷锟节撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絑锟斤拷锟絜锟絑锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絑锟酵讹拷锟絑锟斤拷锟斤拷none锟斤拷锟斤拷some锟斤拷any锟斤拷no锟饺橈拷(g锟斤拷u)锟缴的忥拷(f锟斤拷)锟较诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶只锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絑锟斤拷锟絜锟絑锟斤拷锟斤拷Z;every锟斤拷no只锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絑锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界：--- Do you have a car?锟斤拷 --锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟絭小锟斤拷車锟斤拷?

锟斤拷锟斤拷--- Yes锟斤拷I have one.锟斤拷锟斤拷 --锟角碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟絭锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷--- I don't know any of them.锟斤拷 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)也锟斤拷锟絁(r锟斤拷n)锟絉锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷 锟缴嗭拷锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷who锟斤拷whom锟斤拷whose锟斤拷what锟斤拷which锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟矫來構(g锟斤拷u)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴嗭拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴嗭拷锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紹锟接达拷锟絶锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷o)锟斤拷锟絶锟皆從撅拷(锟斤拷锟絑锟侥句、锟絜锟絑锟侥撅拷捅锟斤拷Z锟侥撅拷)

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界：Tell me who he is.锟斤拷 锟斤拷锟絍锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絣锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿★拷 锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)系锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷who锟斤拷whom锟斤拷whose锟斤拷that锟斤拷which锟斤拷as锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷o)锟侥撅拷锟斤拷P(gu锟斤拷n)聯(li锟斤拷n)锟絶锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节讹拷锟絑锟侥撅拷锟叫匡拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絑锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絑锟斤拷锟絜锟絑锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絑锟斤拷;锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫為定锟絑锟侥撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷飾碉拷锟角傦拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷锟斤拷~(锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界：He is the man whom you have been looking for.锟斤拷 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟揭碉拷锟角傦拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷3.1 锟剿稱锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷锟矫凤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷1)锟剿稱锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絑锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絑锟絘(b锟斤拷)锟絑锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界：

锟斤拷锟斤拷John waited a while but eventually he went home. 锟絪锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷丶锟斤拷恕锟�

锟斤拷锟斤拷John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was she. 锟絪锟斤拷希锟斤拷锟斤拷位锟剿匡拷锟角�锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷還锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絝锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节忥拷(f锟斤拷)锟较撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟酵從撅拷锟斤拷锟絑锟斤拷同锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷锟絑要锟斤拷锟节從撅拷锟叫ｏ拷锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷锟絑锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界：

锟斤拷锟斤拷When he arrived, John went straight to the bank. 锟絪锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷直锟斤拷去锟統锟斤拷锟剿★拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷2)锟剿稱锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷锟絜锟斤拷锟节撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟絑锟斤拷锟斤拷~锟絜锟絑锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节匡拷锟絑锟斤拷也锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絑锟絘(b锟斤拷)锟絑锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟剿稱锟斤拷省锟皆撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷還锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絑锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界： I saw her with them, at least, I thought it was her. 锟揭匡拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絁(r锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(her锟斤拷锟絜锟絑锟斤拷them锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟絜锟絑锟斤拷her锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絑锟絘(b锟斤拷)锟絑)

锟斤拷锟斤拷a. -- Who broke the vase?锟斤拷--锟絣锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿伙拷瓶?

锟斤拷锟斤拷b. -- Me.锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷 --锟斤拷锟斤拷(me锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絑锟絘(b锟斤拷)锟絑= It's me.)

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絝锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷校锟絟er锟斤拷me锟街別锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絑锟絘(b锟斤拷)锟絑锟�锟斤拷F(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷英锟絑锟叫讹拷锟斤拷锟絜锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷锟紷锟斤應(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷she锟斤拷I锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷3.2 锟剿稱锟斤拷锟絶之锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絈

锟斤拷锟斤拷1) 锟絜锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�

锟斤拷锟斤拷a.锟节猴拷锟教岋拷話锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟剿稱锟斤拷锟絶锟轿�锟�(d锟斤拷)使锟矫伙拷锟斤拷not 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟絑锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷---- I like English.锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷 --锟斤拷喜锟絞英锟絑锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷---- Me too.锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷--锟斤拷也喜锟絞锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷---- Have more wine?锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷--锟劫侊拷锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟狡喝嗭拷?

锟斤拷锟斤拷---- Not me.锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷--锟揭可诧拷要锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷b.锟节憋拷示锟斤拷锟絕锟侥凤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷^锟斤拷锟絑锟斤拷锟絕锟絑锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絫锟斤拷锟絑只锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷He is taller than I/me.

锟斤拷锟斤拷He is taller than I am.

锟斤拷锟斤拷2) 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷e锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷a. 锟节斤拷锟絶but锟斤拷except 锟斤拷锟叫時(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷e锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷b. 锟斤拷锟皆掞拷锟斤拷Z锟叫筹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷---- I wish to speak to Mary. --锟斤拷锟斤拷同锟斤拷锟酵ㄔ掞拷锟�

锟斤拷锟斤拷---- This is she.锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷 --锟揭撅拷锟角�锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷注锟解：锟节勶拷锟絶be 锟斤拷to be 锟斤拷锟斤拷朔Q锟斤拷锟絶視锟斤拷前锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷~锟斤拷锟斤拷~锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷I thought it was she.锟斤拷锟斤拷 锟斤拷锟皆烇拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(锟斤拷锟斤拷----锟斤拷锟斤拷)

锟斤拷锟斤拷I thought it to be her.锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷 (锟絜锟斤拷----锟絜锟斤拷)

锟斤拷锟斤拷I was taken to be she.锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭憋拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷 (锟斤拷锟斤拷----锟斤拷锟斤拷)

锟斤拷锟斤拷They took me to be her.锟斤拷 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭�锟�(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟� (锟絜锟斤拷----锟絜锟斤拷)

锟斤拷锟斤拷3.3 锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷指锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵

锟斤拷锟斤拷1)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶 anybody锟斤拷everybody锟斤拷nobody锟斤拷anyone锟斤拷 someone锟斤拷 everyone锟斤拷no one锟斤拷 锟斤拷whoever锟斤拷person锟斤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷锟斤拷使锟矫時(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷he, his, him锟斤拷锟芥。

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界： Nobody came, did he?锟斤拷锟絣也锟絔锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角嗭拷?

锟斤拷锟斤拷2)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷指锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷it锟斤拷they锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫時(sh锟斤拷)也锟斤拷he, she锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紿锟叫的革拷锟斤拷色锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界： Give the cat some food. She is hungry.锟斤拷锟給锟紷貓一些锟皆的★拷锟斤拷锟絀锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷3)指锟斤拷車锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷色锟绞時(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷she锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷3.4 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿稱锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�

锟斤拷锟斤拷1)锟轿旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟剿稱锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絑锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�?y锟斤拷n)椋猴拷诙锟斤拷朔Q-> 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿稱 -> 锟斤拷一锟剿稱锟斤拷锟斤拷you-> he/she; it -> I锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界：You, he and I should return on time.

锟斤拷锟斤拷2) 锟斤拷(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟剿稱锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絑锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�?y锟斤拷n)椋猴拷锟揭伙拷朔Q -> 锟节讹拷锟剿稱 -> 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿稱锟斤拷锟斤拷we锟斤拷->you->they锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷注锟解： 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷r锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟剿稱锟斤拷锟斤拷前锟芥。

锟斤拷锟斤拷a. 锟节筹拷锟絁(r锟斤拷n)锟絜(cu锟斤拷)锟絗锟斤拷锟叫擄拷(d锟斤拷n)責(z锟斤拷)锟轿時(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷It was I and John that made her angry. 锟斤拷锟揭和約锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷b. 锟斤拷锟絃輩锟斤拷锟斤拷輩锟斤拷锟絃锟劫岋拷锟铰岋拷锟絝話锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絃锟劫烇拷锟揭伙拷朔Q锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界：I and you try to finish it. 锟揭猴拷锟斤拷去弄锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷c. 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絑只锟叫碉拷一锟剿稱锟酵碉拷锟斤拷锟剿稱锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷d. 锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿稱锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絑锟侥撅拷锟斤拷飾時(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷3.5 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶

锟斤拷锟斤拷1)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷锟叫憋拷示锟斤拷锟劫碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷指锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界：

锟斤拷锟斤拷John had cut his finger; apparently there was a broken glass on his desk.

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絪锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷指锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷锟斤拷見锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫傦拷(g锟斤拷)锟狡诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷(my, your锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷(mine, yours锟斤拷)锟缴種锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟皆碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷锟斤拷锟睫讹拷锟絶锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟皆碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷锟矫凤拷锟斤拷锟洁當(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷省锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷--'s锟劫革拷Y(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界：

锟斤拷锟斤拷Jack's cap锟斤拷 锟斤拷锟絋he cap is Jack's锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷His cap锟斤拷锟斤拷 锟斤拷锟絋he cap is his锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷2) 锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟侥句法锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷a. 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絑锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界：

锟斤拷锟斤拷May I use your pen? Yours works better. 锟揭匡拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟戒摴P锟斤拷?锟斤拷谋锟斤拷业暮锟斤拷谩锟�

锟斤拷锟斤拷b. 锟斤拷锟絜锟絑锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界：

锟斤拷锟斤拷I love my motherland as much as you love yours. 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷业锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭伙拷锟�锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷c. 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟絜锟絑锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界：

锟斤拷锟斤拷Your should interpret what I said in my sense of the word, not in yours.

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟姐應(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟矫碉拷锟絶锟絰去锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷f锟斤拷話锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟杰帮拷锟斤拷锟皆硷拷锟斤拷去锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷d. 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絑锟絘(b锟斤拷)锟絑锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界：

锟斤拷锟斤拷The life I have is yours. It's yours. It's yours.锟斤拷锟揭碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟姐，锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷3.6 锟絧锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫革拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚 a, an, this, that, these, those, some, any, several, no, each, every, such, another, which锟斤拷锟絶一锟斤拷前锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭伙拷锟�(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷p锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫革拷锟斤拷锟斤拷式锟介：a, an, this, that +锟斤拷锟絶+of +锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界：a friend of mine, each brother of his.

锟斤拷锟斤拷3.7 .锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶

锟斤拷锟斤拷1) 1) 锟叫憋拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷) 锟轿旓拷(sh锟斤拷) 锟斤拷(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿稱 锟斤拷一锟剿稱 锟节讹拷锟剿稱 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿稱 锟斤拷一锟剿稱 锟节讹拷锟剿稱 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿稱

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿稱锟斤拷锟絶 I you he/she/it we you they

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶 myself yourself yourself/herself/himself ourselves yourselves themselves

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟解：one锟侥凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷oneself

锟斤拷锟斤拷2)锟斤拷锟絜锟絑

锟斤拷锟斤拷a. 锟斤拷些锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷锟叫凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷锟斤拷absent, bathe, amuse, blame, dry, cut, enjoy, hurt, introduce, behave锟饺★拷锟斤拷锟界：

锟斤拷锟斤拷We enjoyed ourselves very much last night.锟斤拷锟揭傦拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷煤锟斤拷_锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷Please help yourself to some fish.锟斤拷 請锟斤拷锟絊锟斤拷锟斤拷c(di锟斤拷n)锟絶锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷b. 锟斤拷锟节硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷~+锟絜锟絑+锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷锟斤拷take pride in, be annoyed with, help oneself to sth锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界：

锟斤拷锟斤拷I could not dress(myself)up at that time.锟斤拷锟角傦拷(g锟斤拷)锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟揭诧拷锟杰达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷约锟�锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷注锟斤拷锟斤拷些锟斤拷锟絶锟襟不革拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷锟界：get up, sit-down, stand up, wake up锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界：

锟斤拷锟斤拷Please sit down.锟斤拷請锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷3) 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絑锟斤拷锟斤拷Y(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)be oneself锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界：

锟斤拷锟斤拷I am not myself today.锟斤拷 锟揭斤拷锟届不锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷4) 锟斤拷锟斤拷同位锟絑

锟斤拷锟斤拷The thing itself is not important.锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟介本锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷5) 锟节诧拷锟斤拷(qi锟斤拷ng)锟絳(di锟斤拷o)锟斤拷锟斤拷r锟斤拷锟斤拷but, except, for 锟饺斤拷锟絶锟斤拷锟絜锟絑锟矫凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷锟剿稱锟斤拷锟絶锟絜锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟界：No one but myself(me)is hurt.

锟斤拷锟斤拷注锟解：

锟斤拷锟斤拷a. 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟杰單�锟�(d锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絑锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(锟絜(cu锟斤拷)) Myself drove the car.

锟斤拷锟斤拷(锟斤拷) I myself drove the car.锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆硷拷锟絖車锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷b. 锟斤拷锟斤拷and, or, nor锟紹锟接的诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絑锟叫ｏ拷锟节讹拷锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絑锟斤拷锟矫凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷锟截別锟斤拷myself 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絑锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界：

锟斤拷锟斤拷Charles and myself saw it. 锟介爾斯锟斤拷锟揭匡拷見锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷3.8 锟洁互锟斤拷锟絶

锟斤拷锟斤拷1)锟洁互锟斤拷锟絶只锟斤拷each other锟斤拷one another锟缴傦拷(g锟斤拷)锟絶锟組锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷示锟斤拷锟叫勶拷锟絶锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥勶拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷X锟斤拷锟芥及锟侥革拷锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷之锟絞锟斤拷锟洁互锟斤拷锟节碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界：

锟斤拷锟斤拷It is easy to see that the people of different cultures have always copied each other.

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷锟斤拷見锟斤拷锟斤拷同锟侥伙拷锟斤拷锟剿匡拷锟斤拷锟洁互锟斤拷锟絙锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷2)锟洁互锟斤拷锟絶锟侥句法锟斤拷锟杰ｏ拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷a. 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟絜锟絑;

锟斤拷锟斤拷People should love one another. 锟剿傦拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟剿达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷b. 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟絜锟絑;

锟斤拷锟斤拷Does bark, cocks crow, frogs croak to each other.锟斤拷 锟酵★拷锟絬锟絈锟斤拷锟杰冿拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絝锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟統(t锟斤拷ng)锟絑锟斤拷锟絁(r锟斤拷n)锟介，锟洁互锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)系锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节兩傦拷(g锟斤拷)锟剿伙拷锟斤拷之锟絞锟斤拷each other锟斤拷 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节兩傦拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿猴拷锟斤拷之锟絞锟斤拷one another锟�锟斤拷F(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷英锟絑锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴組锟絶锟斤拷锟斤拷使锟矫的岋拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷也锟杰多。锟斤拷锟界：

锟斤拷锟斤拷He put all the books beside each other/one another. 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫曪拷锟斤拷锟叫擺锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷Usually these small groups were independent of each other. 锟紷些小锟紽(tu锟斤拷n)锟絯通锟斤拷锟斤拷锟洁互锟斤拷(d锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟侥★拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷c. 锟洁互锟斤拷锟絶锟缴硷拷-'s锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫革拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界：

锟斤拷锟斤拷The students borrowed each other's notes. 锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷P記锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷3.9 指示锟斤拷锟絶

锟斤拷锟斤拷1) 指示锟斤拷锟絶锟街單旓拷(sh锟斤拷)(this / that)锟酵忥拷(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)(these / those)锟缴種锟斤拷式锟斤拷锟饺匡拷锟斤拷锟睫讹拷锟絶锟街匡拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界：

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟轿旓拷(sh锟斤拷) 锟斤拷(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟睫讹拷锟絶 This girl is Mary. Those men are my teachers.

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶 This is Mary. Those are my teachers.

锟斤拷锟斤拷2) 指示锟斤拷锟絶锟侥句法锟斤拷锟斤拷;

锟斤拷锟斤拷a. 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絑锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界：

锟斤拷锟斤拷This is the way to do it.锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷 锟紷锟铰冿拷锟斤拷該锟紷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷b. 锟斤拷锟絜锟絑锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界：

锟斤拷锟斤拷I like this better than that.锟斤拷锟斤拷 锟斤拷喜锟絞锟紷锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角傦拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷c. 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絑锟絘(b锟斤拷)锟絑锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界：

锟斤拷锟斤拷My point is this.锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷 锟揭碉拷锟絕锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷恕锟�

锟斤拷锟斤拷d. 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟絜锟絑锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界：

锟斤拷锟斤拷I don't say no to that.锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷 锟揭诧拷未锟杰絕锟角傦拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷There is no fear of that.锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷 锟角诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絝锟斤拷1锟斤拷指示锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絑锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷指锟斤拷也锟斤拷指锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接成分時(sh锟斤拷)只锟斤拷指锟斤，锟斤拷锟斤拷指锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界：

锟斤拷锟斤拷(锟斤拷)That is my teacher.锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭碉拷锟较庯拷锟斤拷(that锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絑锟斤拷指锟斤拷)

锟斤拷锟斤拷(锟斤拷)He is going to marry this girl.锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷Y(ji锟斤拷)锟介。(this锟斤拷锟睫讹拷锟絶)

锟斤拷锟斤拷(锟絜(cu锟斤拷))He is going to marry this.锟斤拷(this锟斤拷锟絜锟絑锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷指锟斤拷)

锟斤拷锟斤拷(锟斤拷)I bought this.锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絀锟紷锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷(this指锟斤，锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟絑)

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絝锟斤拷2锟斤拷That锟斤拷those锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絑锟侥撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷~锟斤拷锟斤拷this锟斤拷 these锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷同锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷只锟斤拷those锟斤拷指锟剿ｏ拷試锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(锟斤拷) He admired that which looked beautiful.锟斤拷锟斤拷贊锟絧锟斤拷锟狡�锟斤拷锟侥東锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(锟斤拷) He admired those who looked beautiful. 锟斤拷贊锟絧锟斤拷些锟斤拷锟狡�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(those指锟斤拷)

锟斤拷锟斤拷(锟絜(cu锟斤拷)) He admired that who danced well.锟斤拷(that锟斤拷锟絜锟絑锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷指锟斤拷)

锟斤拷锟斤拷(锟斤拷) He admired those who danced well.锟斤拷锟斤拷贊锟絧锟斤拷锟斤拷玫锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷(those指锟斤拷)

锟斤拷锟斤拷(锟斤拷) He admired those which looked beautiful. 锟斤拷贊锟絧锟斤拷些锟斤拷锟狡�锟斤拷锟侥東锟斤拷锟斤拷(those指锟斤拷)

锟斤拷锟斤拷3.10 锟缴嗭拷锟斤拷锟絶

锟斤拷锟斤拷1) 锟缴嗭拷锟斤拷锟絶锟节撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟絶锟組锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟矫來構(g锟斤拷u)锟斤拷锟缴嗭拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴嗭拷锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫幾傦拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷指锟剿ｏ拷 who, whom, whose

锟斤拷锟斤拷指锟斤： what

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟饺匡拷指锟斤拷锟街匡拷指锟斤： which

锟斤拷锟斤拷2) 锟缴嗭拷锟斤拷锟絶锟节撅拷锟叫戯拷(y锟斤拷ng)位锟斤拷锟絕锟絑锟斤拷锟絶之前锟斤拷锟絔锟斤拷锟皆和旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷變锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷who之锟斤拷也锟絔锟叫革拷锟阶冿拷锟斤拷锟絯hat, which, whose還锟斤拷锟斤拷锟睫讹拷锟絶锟斤拷試锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴嗭拷锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷Whose are these books on the desk?锟斤拷 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟较的曪拷锟斤拷锟絣锟斤拷?

锟斤拷锟斤拷What was the directional flow of U. S. territorial expansion? 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絀(l锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟経(ku锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟角筹拷锟侥傦拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�?

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟睫讹拷锟絶锟斤拷Whose books are these on the desk? 锟斤拷锟较的曪拷锟斤拷锟絣锟斤拷?

锟斤拷锟斤拷What events led to most of the east of the Mississippi River becoming part of the United States?

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷些锟铰硷拷使锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟饺猴拷锟皆東锟侥大部凤拷锟斤拷锟截歸锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷?

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絝锟斤拷1锟斤拷锟給論锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴嗭拷锟斤拷锟絶還锟斤拷锟睫讹拷锟絶锟斤拷which 锟斤拷 what 锟斤拷指锟侥凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷同锟斤拷what锟斤拷指锟侥凤拷锟斤拷锟角無锟睫碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷which锟絫指锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟侥凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界：

锟斤拷锟斤拷Which girls do you like best? 锟斤拷喜锟絞锟侥幾傦拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷?

锟斤拷锟斤拷What girls do you like best? 锟斤拷喜锟絞什么锟接的癸拷锟斤拷?

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絝锟斤拷2锟斤拷Whom锟斤拷who锟斤拷锟絜锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节曪拷锟斤拷锟絑锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟絜锟絑锟斤拷锟斤拷~锟絜锟絑锟斤拷锟节匡拷锟絑锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟絑锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷who锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节斤拷锟絶锟斤拷只锟斤拷锟斤拷whom, 锟斤拷锟界：

锟斤拷锟斤拷Who(m)did you meet on the street? 锟斤拷锟节斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絣?(锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟絜锟絑)

锟斤拷锟斤拷Who(m) are you taking the book to? 锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟給锟絣?(锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟絜锟絑锟斤拷锟矫撅拷锟斤拷)

锟斤拷锟斤拷To whom did you speak on the campus? 锟斤拷锟斤拷校锟紷锟斤拷锟斤拷l锟絭話锟斤拷?(锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟絜锟絑锟斤拷锟矫斤拷锟絶锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷who取锟斤拷锟斤拷)

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絝锟斤拷3锟斤拷 锟缴嗭拷锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷锟节岋拷锟斤拷锟絶锟絜锟絑锟结問锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絕去锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟叫斤拷锟絶锟斤拷锟缴嗭拷锟斤拷锟絶通锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷诰锟斤拷祝锟斤拷F(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷英锟絑锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴嗭拷锟斤拷锟絶锟节撅拷锟阶ｏ拷锟斤拷锟絶锟节撅拷末锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界：

锟斤拷锟斤拷For what do most people live and work? 锟襟部凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷凸锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥匡拷锟斤拷锟绞裁�?(锟絝锟斤拷锟絯)

锟斤拷锟斤拷What are you looking for? 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷什么?(锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷英锟絑)

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絝锟斤拷4锟斤拷 锟缴嗭拷锟斤拷锟絶還锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷o)锟斤拷锟絶锟皆從撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界：

锟斤拷锟斤拷I can't make out what he is driving at. 锟揭诧拷知锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷Can you tell me whose is the blue shirt on the bed?锟斤拷 锟斤拷锟杰革拷锟絍锟揭达拷锟较碉拷锟絳(l锟斤拷n)锟絩锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絣锟侥嗭拷?

锟斤拷锟斤拷Much of what you say I agree with, but I cannot go all the way with you.

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絝锟斤拷锟揭大部凤拷同锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷全贊同锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷3.11. 锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)系锟斤拷锟絶

锟斤拷锟斤拷1) 锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)系锟斤拷锟絶锟矫侊拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷o)锟斤拷锟絑锟侥撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷同锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟节從撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟侥撅拷锟接成凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界：

锟斤拷锟斤拷The girl to whom I spoke is my cousin.锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絭話锟侥癸拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭憋拷锟矫★拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷該锟斤拷锟斤拷whom锟饺达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶the girl锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节從撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶to锟斤拷锟絜锟絑锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷2) 锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)系锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟斤拷蛯俑锟街�锟街ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷指锟斤拷锟絚指锟斤拷之锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟睫讹拷锟皆讹拷锟絑锟侥撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷that 锟斤拷指锟斤拷也锟斤拷指锟斤，見锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷指锟斤拷 指锟斤拷 指锟剿伙拷指锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷 锟斤拷 who which that

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜 锟斤拷 whom that that

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷 锟斤拷 whose of which/whose of which/whose

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界：This is the pencil whose point is broken. 锟紷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷枝锟斤拷锟剿硷拷锟斤拷U锟絇锟斤拷(whose 指锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟睫讹拷锟皆讹拷锟絑锟侥撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絑)

锟斤拷锟斤拷He came back for the book which he had forgotten.锟斤拷锟斤拷锟截侊拷取锟斤拷锟紾锟铰的曪拷锟斤拷(which指锟斤，锟斤拷锟睫讹拷锟皆讹拷锟絑锟侥撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟絑锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷省锟斤拷)

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絝锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟睫讹拷锟皆讹拷锟絑锟侥撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷that锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)系锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷3) 锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)系锟斤拷锟絶which锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界：

锟斤拷锟斤拷He said he saw me there, which was a lie. 锟斤拷锟絝锟斤拷锟角冿拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絝锟斤拷锟斤拷 锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)系锟斤拷锟絶锟节從撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟絑锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷省锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟解，锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)系锟斤拷锟絶that锟节從撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絑锟絩(sh锟斤拷)也锟斤拷省锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界：

锟斤拷锟斤拷I've forgotten much of the Latin I once knew.锟斤拷 锟斤拷锟絕去锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絑锟斤拷锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟节达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷He's changed. He's not the man he was. 锟斤拷變锟斤拷锟杰达拷锟窖诧拷锟斤拷锟絕去锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷3.12 every , no, all, both, neither, nor

锟斤拷锟斤拷1)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷all , both, every, each, either, neither, more, little, few, much, many, another, other, some, any , one, no 锟皆硷拷some, something, anything, everything, somebody, someone, anybody, anyone, nothing , nobody, no one, none, everybody, everyone.锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷2)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟侥癸拷锟斤拷锟絚锟矫凤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷a. 锟斤拷every 锟斤拷no锟解不锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟饺匡拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷也锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷every锟斤拷no锟节撅拷锟斤拷只锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絑锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界：

锟斤拷锟斤拷I have no idea about it. 锟揭诧拷知該咋锟絢锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷b. all 锟斤拷锟斤拷指锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷all 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絕一锟铰ｏ拷all锟侥單忥拷(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷飾伙拷指锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟侥單忥拷(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟絈锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界：

锟斤拷锟斤拷All goes well.锟斤拷 一锟斤拷锟組(j锟斤拷n)展锟矫很好★拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷all 通锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟缴旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絶锟轿旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟紹锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界：锟斤拷锟絝 all the book锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絝 the whole book锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷all锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷r(sh锟斤拷)锟絞锟侥可旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絶锟轿旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟紹锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷 all day锟斤拷all night锟斤拷 all the year;锟斤拷锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟絋锟较诧拷锟絝 all hour锟斤拷all century锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷all還锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚一些锟斤拷锟斤拷膯螖锟�(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絶锟紹锟矫ｏ拷锟斤拷 all China锟斤拷all the city锟斤拷all my life锟斤拷all the way

锟斤拷锟斤拷3)both锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷指锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷a. both 锟絚锟斤拷(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絶锟紹锟矫ｏ拷锟斤拷 both… and…锟斤拷锟絚锟轿旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絶锟紹锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷b. both, all 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷同位锟絑锟斤拷锟斤拷位锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫烇拷锟斤拷~前锟斤拷 be 锟斤拷锟絶之锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷~锟斤拷锟斤拷B(t锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷锟斤拷膶锟�(sh锟斤拷)锟絰锟斤拷锟絶省去锟斤拷锟絫位锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷锟斤拷B(t锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟絶之前锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界：

锟斤拷锟斤拷Who can speak Japanese?锟斤拷锟絣锟斤拷锟絭锟秸憋拷話?

锟斤拷锟斤拷We both(all)can. 锟揭傦拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷4)neither锟斤拷锟斤拷锟竭讹拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷a.锟斤拷neither锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絑锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絕锟絑锟斤拷锟絶锟矫單旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷b. 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絑锟絚锟轿旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絶锟紹锟矫ｏ拷锟斤拷neither… nor 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紹锟絶锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絶锟紹锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絕锟絑锟斤拷锟矫就斤拷原锟絫锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷c.锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟截忥拷(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界：

锟斤拷锟斤拷She can't sing锟斤拷neither(can)he. 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟借，锟斤拷也锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷5)neither 锟絚nor 锟侥憋拷锟絕

锟斤拷锟斤拷a.锟斤拷锟斤拷前锟斤拷锟角凤拷式锟侥句，锟絫锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷neither锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷 nor锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界：

锟斤拷锟斤拷If you don't do it锟斤拷neither should I.锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷悴伙拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷也锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷b. 锟斤拷锟斤拷B锟絤(x锟斤拷)锟叫幾傦拷(g锟斤拷)锟今定撅拷式锟斤拷锟絫锟斤拷nor锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷neither锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界：

锟斤拷锟斤拷He can't sing锟斤拷nor dance锟斤拷nor skate. 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟借，也锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷3.13 none, few, some, any, one, ones

锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷 none 锟給

锟斤拷锟斤拷1) none锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絑锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚of 锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)锟缴讹拷锟絑 none of锟斤拷 锟节达拷锟絑锟斤拷锟斤拷none锟缴單�锟�(d锟斤拷)使锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界：

锟斤拷锟斤拷Are there any pictures on the wall?锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫�锟斤拷锟�?

锟斤拷锟斤拷None. 锟絔锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷2) none锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絑锟斤拷锟絕锟絑锟斤拷锟絶锟轿忥拷(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絑锟斤拷锟絫锟斤拷螐锟�(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟絚锟斤拷锟絑一锟铰★拷锟斤拷锟界：

锟斤拷锟斤拷It is none of your business. 锟絜锟斤拷莫锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷few 一些锟斤拷锟劫旓拷(sh锟斤拷)

锟斤拷锟斤拷few 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絑锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絕锟絑锟斤拷锟絶锟矫忥拷(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节肯讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷some 一些

锟斤拷锟斤拷1) 锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絶锟紹锟矫★拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷2) 锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷"某一"锟斤拷r(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷也锟斤拷锟絚锟轿旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絶锟紹锟矫★拷(= a certain)

锟斤拷锟斤拷You will be sorry for this some day. 锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿猴拷诘摹锟�

锟斤拷锟斤拷A certain (some) person has seen you break the rule. 锟斤拷些锟剿诧拷同锟斤拷锟斤拷目锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷注锟解：

锟斤拷锟斤拷(1)锟节肯讹拷锟缴嗭拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷some锟斤拷锟斤拷any锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(2)some锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷:

锟斤拷锟斤拷a.锟较讹拷锟缴嗭拷锟斤拷锟叫ｏ拷锟絝話锟斤拷锟絁(r锟斤拷n)锟介對锟斤拷锟侥答案曪拷锟角肯讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟矫碉拷锟较讹拷锟截达拷r(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷Would you like锟斤拷式锟叫ｏ拷锟斤拷委锟斤拷請锟斤拷锟斤拷h锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界：

锟斤拷锟斤拷Would you like some coffee? 锟饺匡拷锟饺嗭拷?

锟斤拷锟斤拷b.锟节條锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絑锟侥撅拷锟叫憋拷示锟絖锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界：

锟斤拷锟斤拷If you need some help锟斤拷let me know. 锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絝锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷c.some位锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絑锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界：

锟斤拷锟斤拷Some students haven't been there before. 锟斤拷些锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絔去锟絕锟角冿拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷d.锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟今定碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟叫的诧拷锟街時(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷some锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节否定撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界：

锟斤拷锟斤拷I haven't heard from some of my old friends these years. 锟紷些锟斤拷锟揭沒锟斤拷锟秸碉拷一些锟斤拷锟斤拷锟窖碉拷锟脚★拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷any 一些

锟斤拷锟斤拷1) any 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节否定撅拷锟斤拷蓡锟斤拷锟酵條锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絑锟侥撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟叫猴拷锟斤拷锟轿何碉拷锟斤拷思锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷any锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节肯讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷Here are three novels. You may read any.锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷小锟絝锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷x一锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷one, 锟斤拷(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷式锟斤拷ones

锟斤拷锟斤拷ones锟斤拷須猴拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟紹锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟給锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷前锟斤拷锟絫锟斤拷some, any锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷ones锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界：

锟斤拷锟斤拷Have you bought any rulers?锟斤拷锟絀锟斤拷锟剿嗭拷?

锟斤拷锟斤拷Yes, I 've bought some. 锟絀锟剿ｏ拷锟絀锟剿幾帮拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷3.14 one锟斤拷that 锟斤拷it

锟斤拷锟斤拷one锟斤拷示锟斤拷指锟斤拷that锟斤拷it 锟斤拷示锟斤拷指锟斤拷that锟絚锟斤拷指锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷同锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷同一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷it 锟絚锟斤拷指锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷同一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界：

锟斤拷锟斤拷I can't find my hat. I think I must buy one.(锟斤拷锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟揭诧拷锟斤拷锟揭碉拷帽锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷該去锟絀一頂★拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷The hat you bought is bigger than that I bought.(同類碉拷锟斤拷同锟斤拷(g锟斤拷))锟斤拷锟絀锟斤拷锟斤拷锟矫憋拷颖锟斤拷锟斤拷I锟侥达拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷I can't find my hat. I don' t know where I put it.( 同一锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟揭诧拷锟斤拷锟揭碉拷帽锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭诧拷知锟斤拷锟揭帮拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷3.15 one/another/the other

锟斤拷锟斤拷one… the other锟斤拷只锟叫兩傦拷(g锟斤拷)

锟斤拷锟斤拷some… the others锟斤拷 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷one… another锟斤拷another…

锟斤拷锟斤拷some… others锟斤拷others…

锟斤拷锟斤拷others = other people/things

锟斤拷锟斤拷the others = the rest锟斤拷剩锟斤拷锟饺�锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷1) 锟斤拷指锟斤拷一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷another锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷2) 一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟斤拷(锟斤拷)锟斤拷一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷one锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷the other锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷3) 一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷one锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷one (another)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷the other锟斤拷a third锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷4) 一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟斤拷去一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷/锟斤，剩锟斤拷锟饺�锟斤拷锟斤拷the others锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷5) 锟斤拷指锟絜锟斤拷锟剿伙拷锟斤拷r(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷others锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟斤拷去一锟斤拷锟街猴拷锟斤拷剩锟洁部锟街碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷全锟斤拷锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷也锟斤拷others锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷3.16 “the”锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷He is one of the students who help me.

锟斤拷锟斤拷He is the one of the students who helps me. 锟斤拷锟角庯拷锟揭的學(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷之一锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟戒定锟絑锟侥撅拷锟絚the students 一锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节讹拷锟戒定锟絑锟侥撅拷锟絚the one 一锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷3.17 anyone/any one;no one/none;every/each

锟斤拷锟斤拷1.anyone 锟斤拷 any one

锟斤拷锟斤拷anyone锟紿指锟斤拷锟斤拷any one锟饺匡拷指锟剿ｏ拷也锟斤拷指锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷2.no one 锟斤拷none

锟斤拷锟斤拷a) none 锟斤拷锟給f锟斤拷锟絑锟斤拷锟饺匡拷指锟斤拷锟街匡拷指锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷no one只锟轿�锟�(d锟斤拷)使锟矫ｏ拷只指锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷b) none 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絑锟斤拷锟絕锟絑锟斤拷锟絶锟矫單ｏ拷锟斤拷(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷no one锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絑锟絕锟絑锟斤拷锟絶只锟斤拷锟角單旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界：

锟斤拷锟斤拷None of you could lift it. 锟姐們锟叫沒锟斤拷锟剿匡拷锟絜锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷---- Did any one call me up just now?锟斤拷--锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿达拷锟皆掞拷o锟揭嗭拷?

锟斤拷锟斤拷---- No one.锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷 --锟絔锟叫★拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷3.every 锟斤拷each

锟斤拷锟斤拷1) every 锟斤拷(qi锟斤拷ng)锟絳(di锟斤拷o)全锟絯锟侥革拷锟斤拷锟斤拷 each锟斤拷(qi锟斤拷ng)锟絳(di锟斤拷o)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界：

锟斤拷锟斤拷Every student in our school works hard.锟斤拷锟揭傦拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)校锟侥學(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟矫癸拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷Each student may have one book..锟斤拷每锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷2) every 指锟斤拷锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟较碉拷锟剿伙拷锟斤拷(锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(g锟斤拷))锟斤拷each指锟缴傦拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟较碉拷锟剿伙拷锟斤拷 (锟斤拷锟缴傦拷(g锟斤拷))锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷3) every 只锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴單�锟�(d锟斤拷)使锟矫★拷each锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界：

锟斤拷锟斤拷Every boy has to take one. 每锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟叫猴拷锟斤拷锟饺∫伙拷锟�(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷Each boy has to take one.

锟斤拷锟斤拷Each of the boys has to take one.

锟斤拷锟斤拷4) every锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絑锟斤拷each锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絑锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷5) every 锟叫凤拷锟斤拷(f锟斤拷)锟截忥拷(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷思锟斤拷锟斤拷 every two weeks锟斤拷; each锟絔锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷6) every 锟絚not 锟紹锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷示锟斤拷锟街凤拷; each 锟斤拷not锟紹锟矫憋拷示全锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界：

锟斤拷锟斤拷Every man is not honest. 锟斤拷锟斤拷每锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟剿讹拷锟絓锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷Each man is not honest.锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷每锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟剿讹拷锟斤拷锟絓锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷3.18 both, either, neither, all, any, none

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷些锟絶锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷锟斤拷位锟矫讹拷锟斤拷be 锟斤拷锟絶之锟斤拷锟叫烇拷锟斤拷~之前锟斤拷锟揭伙拷锟�(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶之锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷1) both (锟斤拷锟竭讹拷)锟斤拷either(锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟轿猴拷一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷))锟斤拷neither (锟斤拷锟竭讹拷锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶使锟矫凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷蓚锟�(g锟斤拷)锟剿伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界：

锟斤拷锟斤拷Neither of the two boys is clever.锟斤拷锟缴傦拷(g锟斤拷)锟叫猴拷锟斤拷锟斤拷聰锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷2) both锟斤拷either

锟斤拷锟斤拷both锟絚锟斤拷(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟紹锟斤拷锟斤拷either锟絚锟轿旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟紹锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界：

锟斤拷锟斤拷Both the boys are clever.锟斤拷 锟缴傦拷(g锟斤拷)锟叫猴拷锟斤拷锟斤拷聰锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷Either of the two boys is clever.

锟斤拷锟斤拷There are flowers on both sides of the street. 路邊锟絃锟組锟斤拷野锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷There are flowers on either side of the street.

锟斤拷锟斤拷3) all (锟斤拷锟叫碉拷锟斤拷全锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿伙拷锟斤拷)锟斤拷any (锟轿猴拷一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷))锟斤拷 none (锟斤拷锟斤拷)锟斤拷 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶使锟矫凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界：

锟斤拷锟斤拷All the flowers are gone.锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫的伙拷锟斤拷锟絰锟剿★拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷I don't like any of the flowers.锟斤拷锟紷些锟斤拷锟揭讹拷锟斤拷喜锟絞锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷I like none of the flowers.锟斤拷锟紷些锟斤拷锟揭讹拷锟斤拷喜锟絞锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷注锟解：all锟絚none锟矫凤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟轿旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷锟矫單旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絶;锟斤拷锟斤拷(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷锟矫忥拷(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界：

锟斤拷锟斤拷All of the students are there. 锟斤拷锟叫的學(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角★拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷All (of) the milk is there.锟斤拷 锟斤拷锟叫碉拷牛锟教讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷3.19 many, much

锟斤拷锟斤拷Many锟斤拷much锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�"锟絊锟斤拷"锟斤拷 many + 锟缴旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷much + 锟斤拷锟缴旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界：

锟斤拷锟斤拷How many people are there at the meeting? 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿筹拷席锟剿曪拷锟絟锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷How much time has we left? 還剩锟斤拷锟劫時(sh锟斤拷)锟絞?

锟斤拷锟斤拷Many of the workers were at the meeting.锟絊锟洁工锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絖锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷Much of the time was spent on learning.锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟较伙拷锟斤拷锟絊锟斤拷锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟絞锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷3.20 few, little, a few, a little

锟斤拷锟斤拷(a) few + 锟缴旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絶, (a) little + 锟斤拷锟缴旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絶

锟斤拷锟斤拷a few / a little 锟斤拷隙锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟斤拷還锟斤拷一锟絚(di锟斤拷n)

锟斤拷锟斤拷few / little锟斤拷锟斤拷穸ê锟斤拷x锟斤拷锟絔锟叫讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界：

锟斤拷锟斤拷He has a few friends.锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫幾傦拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷He has few friends.锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷 锟斤拷锟阶猴拷锟絔锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷We still have a little time. 锟揭傦拷還锟斤拷锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟絞锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷There is little time left. 锟阶猴拷锟絔剩锟斤拷什么锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟絞锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟教讹拷锟斤拷锟戒：only a few (=few)锟斤拷 not a few (=many)锟斤拷 quite a few (=many) many a (=many)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界：

锟斤拷锟斤拷Many books were sold.

锟斤拷锟斤拷Many a book was sold. 锟絬锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絊锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵:

锟斤拷锟斤拷Although he 's wealthy锟斤拷he spends___ on clothes.

锟斤拷锟斤拷A. little锟斤拷 B. few锟斤拷C. a little锟斤拷 D. a few

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟金案ｏ拷 A. spend锟斤拷指锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絏锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷只锟斤拷锟斤拷little锟斤拷 a little. 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絘lthough锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷o)锟斤拷讓锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絑锟侥撅拷锟斤拷锟缴撅拷锟斤拷知锟斤拷锟斤拷穸ê锟斤拷x锟斤拷锟斤拷藨锟�(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷little锟斤拷示锟阶猴拷锟斤拷锟斤拷