51. The study, published in 2009, found that when writing with a pen and paper,participantswrote longer essays and more complete sentences and had a faster word productionrate.

　　這項(xiàng)研究發(fā)表于2009年，它發(fā)現(xiàn)用筆和紙來(lái)寫，參與者寫的文章更長(zhǎng)，寫的句子更完整，寫單詞的速度更快。

　　【句式分析】本句復(fù)合句，that 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，從句中又有一個(gè)when引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句，published在句中作后置定語(yǔ)，writing作狀語(yǔ)。

　　【詞語(yǔ)點(diǎn)撥】1) participant n. 參加者 participate vi.參與

　　He is an active participant in the civil rights movement.

　　他是人權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)的積極參加者。

　　Terry can’t participate in the match because he has hurt his foot.

　　特里不能參加比賽,因?yàn)樗�扭了腳。

　　2) rate n.比率；速度

　　House prices are rising at a higher rate than inflation.

　　房?jī)r(jià)比通貨膨脹上漲的比率高。

　　The car was going at the rate of 40 miles an hour.

　　轎車以每小時(shí)40里的速度行駛。

　　【語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)撥】1）現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ), 具體用法參見(jiàn)第26句。

　　2）過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)，具體用法參見(jiàn)第44句。

　　52. But the donator who started sending envelopes with cash to deserving causes, accompanied by an article from the local paper, has made a northern German city believe in fairytales.

　　但是，捐贈(zèng)者開(kāi)始給值得關(guān)注的事業(yè)發(fā)送裝有現(xiàn)金的信封，當(dāng)?shù)貓?bào)紙隨之發(fā)表一篇文章，這一切使一個(gè)德國(guó)北部城市相信童話。

　　【句式分析】本句是復(fù)合句，who 引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾the donator，sending 作賓語(yǔ)，accompanied作狀語(yǔ)。

　　【詞語(yǔ)點(diǎn)撥】1) deserving adj.值得的（后面常接介詞of） deserve v.值得

　　A job well done is deserving of praise.

　　一件工作做得好應(yīng)該受到表?yè)P(yáng)。

　　If you do wrong, you deserve punishment.

　　你如做錯(cuò)事, 應(yīng)當(dāng)受罰。

　　2）accompany vt.陪伴

　　Ken agreed to accompany me on a trip to Africa.

　　肯答應(yīng)陪我一起去非洲。

　　Jane was willing to accompany you to the park to go out for a walk.

　　簡(jiǎn)愿意陪你去公園散步。

　　【語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)撥】1）過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ), 具體用法參見(jiàn)第41句。

　　2）doing作賓語(yǔ)，具體用法參見(jiàn)第31句。

　　53. Basic Math starts from the relatively easier concepts and gradually moves on to the more troublesome ones, so as to allow for steady and sure understanding of the material by students.

　　基礎(chǔ)數(shù)學(xué)源自相對(duì)容易的概念，逐漸轉(zhuǎn)移到更麻煩的，以便允許學(xué)生能穩(wěn)定地、有把握地理解材料。

　　【句式分析】本句是簡(jiǎn)單句，so as to allow在句中作目的狀語(yǔ)。

　　【詞語(yǔ)點(diǎn)撥】1) gradually adv.逐漸地

　　The drugs work well at first but gradually lose their effectiveness.

　　這些藥的效果起初非常好，但后來(lái)逐漸失效。

　　After months of work, the new book is gradually taking shape.

　　經(jīng)過(guò)幾個(gè)月的努力，這本新書漸漸成型了。

　　2）allow v. 允許，常用于以下結(jié)構(gòu)：

　�、賏llow doing 允許做

　　They allowed smoking in this room only.

　　他們只允許在這間屋子里抽煙。

　　②allow sb to do允許某人做

　　My boss doesn’t allow me to use the telephone.

　　我的老板不允許我用電話。

　�、踑llow sb sth讓某人有

　　I will allow you 10% off the price if you pay now．

　　如果你現(xiàn)在付款，我可以給你打九折。

　�、躠llow sb in/out/up允許某人進(jìn)來(lái)/出去/起床

　　The patient was allowed up after ten days.

　　十天后病人才被允許起床(下地)。

　　⑤allow for考慮到，把……考慮進(jìn)來(lái)，體諒

　　We should allow for every possible delay.

　　我們考慮到任何可能的延誤。

　　【語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)撥】不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)，具體用法參見(jiàn)第21句。

　　54. Professor H. Siegel, honored by Kentucky Educational Television as“the best math teacher in America,”is a devoted teacher and has a gift for explaining mathematical concepts in ways that make them seem clear and obvious.

　　H?西格爾教授被肯塔基州教育電視尊稱為是“美國(guó)最好的數(shù)學(xué)老師”，他是一個(gè)盡職的教師，在解釋數(shù)學(xué)概念方面很有天賦，能把這些概念解釋得清楚明了。

　　【句式分析】本句復(fù)合句，that在句中引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞ways，honored作后置定語(yǔ)。

　　【詞語(yǔ)點(diǎn)撥】1) devoted adj.忠誠(chéng)的；摯愛(ài)的 devote vt. 奉獻(xiàn)，把……用于

　　He married well and happily and was a devoted father and husband.

　　他婚姻美滿幸福，是位盡職盡責(zé)的父親，忠實(shí)的丈夫。

　　The editors devoted a whole page to the discussion of the housing problem.

　　編輯用一個(gè)整版來(lái)討論住房問(wèn)題。

　　2) have a gift for = have a talent for在……方面有天賦

　　You have a surprising gift for seeing into people's minds.

　　你有驚人的才能，能看出別人的心思。

　　Yang Liping has a love for music and a gift for dancing.

　　楊麗萍熱愛(ài)音樂(lè)，并具有舞蹈天賦。

　　【語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)撥】過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ), 具體用法參見(jiàn)第44句。

　　55. For example, there’re the obvious tendency to smile when smiled at and there are less obvious changes that reflect emotions of surprise, anger or sadness such as a change in our heart rate and blood pressure.

　　例如，別人朝你笑你很可能笑，反映驚訝，憤怒或悲傷情緒的變化不太明顯，如我們的心率和血壓的變化。

　　【句式分析】本句復(fù)合句，when在句中引導(dǎo)省略的狀語(yǔ)從句，that引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞changes，smiled at作狀語(yǔ)。

　　【詞語(yǔ)點(diǎn)撥】1）tendency n.傾向；趨勢(shì)；tend v.傾向

　　Prices continue to show an upward tendency.

　　物價(jià)呈繼續(xù)上升的趨勢(shì)。

　　There was a tendency in him to walk away from the impossible thing.

　　而對(duì)無(wú)能為力的事情，他往往就繞開(kāi)走了。

　　People tended to accept her invitations.

　　人們都樂(lè)于接受她的邀請(qǐng)。

　　2）reflect v. 反映；反射; reflection n.反射；映像

　　Does this letter reflect how you really think?

　　這封信反映你的真實(shí)想法嗎?

　　Every solid object will reflect a sound.

　　任何固體都能反射聲音。

　　One can see the reflection of the tower in the water.

　　塔的影子倒映在水中。

　　【語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)撥】過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ), 具體用法參見(jiàn)第41句。

　　56. Fans used to be crazy about a specific film, but now the public tends to base its consumption on the interest of celebrity attached to any given product.

　　粉絲過(guò)去會(huì)對(duì)一部具體的電影而瘋狂，但是現(xiàn)在，公眾的消費(fèi)傾向于建立在對(duì)名人的興趣上，這些名人與某種指定的產(chǎn)品有聯(lián)系。

　　【句式分析】本句是并列連詞but連接的復(fù)合句，attached to…作后置定語(yǔ)。

　　【詞語(yǔ)點(diǎn)撥】1）used to過(guò)去經(jīng)常，表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，后接動(dòng)詞原形。其否定式為：used(n)’t to/ didn’t use to；be/get used to 習(xí)慣于，其中的 to 是介詞，后接名詞或動(dòng)名詞。如：

　　His uncle used to live in Paris.

　　他的叔叔過(guò)去一直住在巴黎。

　　Nancy usedn’t /didn’t use to eat so many sweet things.

　　南希過(guò)去不常吃那么多的甜食。

　　You used to play basketball, usedn’t /didn’t you?

　　你過(guò)去常打籃球，是嗎?

　　Charles is used to looking after himself.

　　查爾斯習(xí)慣于自己照顧自己。

　　2）attach vt. 縛上；系上；附加；連接；構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)：①attach oneself to依附；熱愛(ài)，依戀② be attached to連在……上，附屬于；熱愛(ài)，依戀③attach importance to認(rèn)為……重要

　　Attach a stamp to the envelope and mail the letter.

　　把郵票貼在信封上，把信寄出去。

　　The cities attach great importance to the pollution problem.

　　這些城市非常重視污染問(wèn)題。

　　A couple should be deeply attached to each other.

　　夫妻應(yīng)該相親相愛(ài)。

　　The little girl attached herself to her English teacher.

　　這個(gè)小姑娘非常喜歡她的英語(yǔ)老師。

　　【語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)撥】過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)，具體用法參見(jiàn)第44句。

　　57. Their study found that theobromine, found in cocoa, was nearly a third more effective in stopping coughs than codeine, which was considered the best cough medicine at present.

　　他們的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)可可含有的可可堿治療咳嗽的有效性比可待因高三分之一，可待因目前被認(rèn)為是最好的治咳嗽的藥。

　　【句式分析】本句是復(fù)合句，which在句中引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞codeine，found in cocoa作后置定語(yǔ)。

　　【詞語(yǔ)點(diǎn)撥】consider v.考慮；認(rèn)為

　　I’m considering going abroad some day.

　　我一直考慮有一天出國(guó)。

　　He considered how he should answer the question.

　　他考慮應(yīng)當(dāng)怎樣回答這個(gè)問(wèn)題。

　　We have to consider what material to use first.

　　我們先得考慮用什么材料。

　　We consider that a friend in need is a friend indeed.

　　我們認(rèn)為患難之友才是真正的朋友。

　　At first they considered me as a doctor.

　　起初他們認(rèn)為我是醫(yī)生。

　　We consider this matter to be very important.

　　我們認(rèn)為這件事很重要。

　　【語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)撥】過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)，具體用法參見(jiàn)第44句。

　　58. Supported by his academic research, Professor Salovey suggests that whenpredicting someone’s future success, their character, as measured by EQ tests, might actually matter more than their IQ.

　　薩洛維教授在他學(xué)術(shù)研究的基礎(chǔ)上提出, 在預(yù)測(cè)一個(gè)人未來(lái)的成功時(shí), 他的性格，通過(guò)情商測(cè)驗(yàn)來(lái)衡量, 也許比他的智商更為重要。

　　【句式分析】本句是復(fù)合句，that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，從句中包含有一個(gè)when引導(dǎo)的省略的狀語(yǔ)從句，supported 和predicting在句中作狀語(yǔ)。

　　【詞語(yǔ)點(diǎn)撥】1）support vt. 支撐；支持；供養(yǎng)；為…提供資金；n. 支持；支撐物；贍養(yǎng)

　　They supported us in the struggle for an increase in pay.

　　他們支持我們爭(zhēng)取增加工資。

　　The research was supported by the government.

　　這項(xiàng)研究由政府出資。

　　I depend on my friends for emotional support.

　　我靠朋友給我感情支持。

　　Her job is the family’s only means of support.

　　她家全靠她的工作維持生計(jì)。

　　2）suggest vt.建議；表明。當(dāng)“建議”講時(shí)，后面可以接動(dòng)名詞，接從句時(shí)，從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣；當(dāng)“表明”時(shí)，后面的從句常用陳述語(yǔ)氣。

　　His pale face suggested that he was badly ill.

　　他蒼白的臉色表明他病得很厲害。

　　I suggest bringing the meeting to an end.=I suggest that we should bring the meeting to an end.

　　我建議結(jié)束會(huì)議。

　　【語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)撥】1）現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)，具體用法參見(jiàn)第26句。

　　2）過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)，具體用法參見(jiàn)第41句。

　　59. For example, many companies now have to invest a lot of money in information technology and staff training in order to cope with the “phone rage”-- caused by delays in answering calls,being cut off in mid-conversation or left waiting for long periods.

　　例如，許多公司現(xiàn)在不得不在信息技術(shù)和職員培訓(xùn)上投資很多錢以便處理電話投訴—未及時(shí)接電話、談話中線路中斷或讓等候太久引起投訴。

　　【句式分析】本句是簡(jiǎn)單句，many companies作主語(yǔ)，have to invest作謂語(yǔ)，in order to cope作目的狀語(yǔ)，caused作后置定語(yǔ)，delays和being cut off作介詞by的賓語(yǔ)。

　　【詞語(yǔ)點(diǎn)撥】1）delay v.&n.延遲；耽擱；后面可以接doing作賓語(yǔ)

　　The passengers were delayed for an hour.

　　乘客被延誤了一個(gè)小時(shí)。

　　We decided to delay going on our holiday till next month.

　　我們決定把假期推遲到下個(gè)月。

　　The strike caused a great delay in the delivery of the mail.

　　這次罷工嚴(yán)重地延誤了郵件的投遞。

　　2）cope with 對(duì)付

　　Do not imagine that you can cope with all the problems.

　　別以為你能處理所有這些問(wèn)題。

　　I don’t know how she copes with looking after her family and doing a full-time job.

　　既要照顧家庭又要工作，我不知道她是怎樣應(yīng)下來(lái)的。

　　3) cause v.引起；導(dǎo)致 n.原因；事業(yè)

　　The lack of eco-friendly habits among the public is thought to be a major cause of global climate change.

　　在公眾中缺少對(duì)環(huán)境有利的習(xí)慣被認(rèn)為是導(dǎo)致全球氣候變化的主要起因。

　　The cause which attracted him most was the abolition of the slave trade.

　　最吸引他的事業(yè)是廢除買賣奴隸。

　　Could you tell me what caused you to change your mind?

　　你能告訴我是什么讓你改變了主意嗎？

　　【語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)撥】1）不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)，具體用法參見(jiàn)第21句。

　　2）過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)，具體用法參見(jiàn)第44句。

　　3）doing作賓語(yǔ)，具體用法參見(jiàn)第31句。

　　60. With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can providethe nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence, according to Intermountain Therapy Animals（ITA）in salt Lake City.

　　據(jù)鹽湖城的ITA的觀點(diǎn)，閃爍著棕色眼睛，搖著尾巴，并有無(wú)條件的愛(ài)心，狗能成為無(wú)判斷力的（忠實(shí)的）聽(tīng)者，這是剛開(kāi)始閱讀的小孩所需要的。

　　【句式分析】本句是簡(jiǎn)單句，dogs作主語(yǔ)，can provide作謂語(yǔ)，shining, wagging和needed都作定語(yǔ)。

　　【詞語(yǔ)點(diǎn)撥】1) provide vt.提供；構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)：provide sb with sth=provide sth for sb給某人提供……

　　These events provided the inspiration for his first novel.

　　這些事件給了他創(chuàng)作第一部小說(shuō)的靈感。

　　In a word, we’ll provide you with all good service.

　　我們將為你們提供最好的服務(wù)。

　　2) confidence n.信心；構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)：have confidence in…在……方面有信心

　　We have full confidence that we shall succeed.

　　我們完全有把握取得成功。

　　We have full confidence in our victory.

　　我們有必勝的把握。

　　A sick person needs absolute confidence and trust in a doctor.

　　病人需要對(duì)醫(yī)生有絕對(duì)的信心和信任。

　　【語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)撥】1）現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)，具體用法參見(jiàn)第35句。

　　2）過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)，具體用法參見(jiàn)第44句。

　　61. Shay’s father knew that most of the boys would not want someone like Shay on their team, but the father also understood that if his son, mentally and physically disabled, wereallowed to play, it would give him a much-needed sense of belonging and some confidence.

　　Shay 的爸爸明白大多數(shù)孩子是不想讓Shay這樣的孩子在隊(duì)里的， 但爸爸也明白如果他的身心都有殘障的孩子可以打球，這會(huì)給他急需的歸屬感和自信。

　　【句式分析】本句是復(fù)合句，兩個(gè)that都引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，第二個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句包含一個(gè)條件從句，條件從句運(yùn)用了虛擬語(yǔ)氣。

　　【詞語(yǔ)點(diǎn)撥】1）allow vt. 允許，具體用法參見(jiàn)第53句。

　　2) sense n.感覺(jué)；感官；意義；make sense有意義；有道理；make sense of理解

　　Can you make sense of what this book says?

　　你能理解這本書的內(nèi)容嗎?

　　I’m afraid I haven’t got a very good sense of direction, so I easily get lost.

　　恐怕我的方向感很差, 因此我容易迷路。

　　His sense of touch gradually took the place of sight.

　　他的觸覺(jué)逐步代替了視覺(jué)。

　　【語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)撥】條件從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣：

　�、俦硎九c現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，從中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“過(guò)去式(be的過(guò)去式用were)”，主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“would/should/could/might＋do”。如：

　　If I were you, I wouldn’t refuse his invitation.

　　如果我是你，我不會(huì)拒絕他的請(qǐng)求。

　　If Mr. Smith had time now, he would attend the meeting.

　　如果史密斯先生有時(shí)間，他會(huì)參加會(huì)議的。

　�、诒硎九c過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)時(shí)，條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“had done”，主句中用“would/should/could/might＋have done”。如：

　　If you had worked hard, you wouldn’t have failed in the examination.

　　如果你努力學(xué)習(xí)，你就不會(huì)考試不及格了。

　�、郾硎九c將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)時(shí)，條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“should do/were to do/過(guò)去式”，主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“would/should/could/might＋動(dòng)詞原形”。如：

　　If it rained/ were to rain/ should rain tomorrow, don’t expect me.

　　萬(wàn)一明天下雨，就別等我了。

　�、苠e(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬條件句：所謂錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬條件句即條件從句與主句所指時(shí)間不一致，比如，從句指過(guò)去，而主句卻指的是現(xiàn)在或?qū)��?lái)。此時(shí)應(yīng)根據(jù)具體的語(yǔ)境情況，結(jié)合上面提到的三種基本類型對(duì)時(shí)態(tài)作相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。如：

　　If you’d listened to me, you wouldn’t be in such trouble now.

　　如果你聽(tīng)了我的話，你現(xiàn)在也不會(huì)有這樣的麻煩了。

　　⑤當(dāng)虛擬條件句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞含有were, should, had時(shí)，if可省略，而將were, should, had等詞置于句首。如：

　　Should he agree to go there, we would send him there.

　　要是他答應(yīng)去的話，我們就派他去。

　　Were she here, she would agree with us.

　　如果她在這兒的話，她會(huì)同意我們的。

　　Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here.

　　如果她懂一些電腦知識(shí)的話，我們會(huì)已經(jīng)聘用他來(lái)這里工作了。

　　62.In the past, if someone like me had failed to get into university through the college exam, he would have had no chance of getting a degree.

　　過(guò)去，像我這樣不能通過(guò)高考而進(jìn)入大學(xué)的人士，是沒(méi)有機(jī)會(huì)拿到學(xué)位的。

　　【句式分析】本句是復(fù)合句, if引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，從句中運(yùn)用了虛擬語(yǔ)氣。

　　【詞語(yǔ)點(diǎn)撥】fail v. 失��；使失望

　　I wouldn’t lose courage even if I should fail ten times.

　　即使要失敗十次，我也絕不灰心。

　　You can always rely on Jim, he won’t fail you.

　　你可以永遠(yuǎn)信任吉姆, 他不會(huì)讓你失望的。

　　The words fail to convey the meaning.

　　詞不達(dá)意。

　　【語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)撥】條件從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，具體用法參見(jiàn)第61句。

　　63.Some social scientists suggest that Westerners should take advantages of the ancient Chinese wisdom to make up for the drawbacks of Westerners philosophy.

　　有些社會(huì)科學(xué)家建議，西方人應(yīng)該利用古代中國(guó)人的智慧來(lái)彌補(bǔ)西方哲學(xué)體系當(dāng)中的不足。

　　【句式分析】本句是復(fù)合句，that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，從句中運(yùn)用了虛擬語(yǔ)氣。

　　【詞語(yǔ)點(diǎn)撥】1）take advantages of 利用；占……的便宜

　　He’s joining the club in order to take advantage of the others.

　　他入會(huì)是來(lái)揩油的。

　　In spring we usually set the clocks ahead one hour to take advantage of the summer daylight.

　　春季我們通常把鐘撥快一小時(shí)以充分利用夏天的白晝。

　　2）make up for補(bǔ)償，彌補(bǔ)；make up組成；補(bǔ)足；化妝；編造

　　Hard work can often make up for a lack of ability.

　　努力工作經(jīng)�？梢詮浹a(bǔ)能力的不足。

　　It didn’t take her long to make up.

　　她很快就化妝好了。

　　The teacher helped his pupils make up the lessons they had missed.

　　教師給學(xué)生補(bǔ)課。

　　The imaginative child always likes to make up fairy tales.

　　充滿想象力的孩子喜歡編造神話故事。

　　Five doctors and two nurses make up a medical team.

　　五位醫(yī)生和兩位護(hù)士組成一個(gè)醫(yī)療隊(duì)。

　　【語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)撥】賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣：

　　在表示“堅(jiān)持”、“命令”、“建議”、“要求”等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。這類動(dòng)詞可以歸納為“一個(gè)堅(jiān)持(insist)、兩個(gè)命令(order, command)、三個(gè)建議(advise, suggest, propose)、四個(gè)要求(demand, require, request, ask)”，這類虛擬語(yǔ)氣由“should + 動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成，其中的should�？梢允÷浴Ｈ纾�

　　The teacher advised that we should make good use of every minute here.

　　老師勸我們要好好地利用在這兒的每一分鐘。

　　The Party asked that we should serve the people heart and soul.

　　黨要求我們要全心全意地為人民服務(wù)。

　　但是，當(dāng)insist的意思為“堅(jiān)決認(rèn)為，堅(jiān)持說(shuō)”；suggest的意思為“表明，暗含，暗示”等時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句一般不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如：

　　Tom insisted that he hadn’t stolen the watch.

　　湯姆堅(jiān)持說(shuō)他沒(méi)有偷那塊手表。

　　His smile suggested that he had succeeded in this exam.

　　他的微笑表明他在考試中成功了。

　　64.If American athlete Marion Jones hadn’t taken drugs, would she have made it to the Olympics at all?

　　如果美國(guó)運(yùn)動(dòng)員瑪麗昂·瓊斯沒(méi)有服用興奮劑的話，她能成功地進(jìn)軍奧運(yùn)會(huì)嗎？

　　【句式分析】本句是復(fù)合句，if引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句，從句中運(yùn)用了虛擬語(yǔ)氣。

　　【詞語(yǔ)點(diǎn)撥】make it及時(shí)到達(dá)；成功；約定時(shí)間。具體用法參見(jiàn)第45句。

　　【語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)撥】條件從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，具體用法參見(jiàn)第61句。

　　65. Their money would be wasted if the message didn’t reach its target audience, in other words the people the advertisement intends to persuade.

　　如果信息不能傳達(dá)給它的目標(biāo)群體，也就是廣告意圖說(shuō)服的人群的話，那么他們的錢就白花了。

　　【句式分析】本句是復(fù)合句, if引導(dǎo)條件從句，條件從句運(yùn)用了虛擬語(yǔ)氣，the advertisement intends …是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞the people。

　　【詞語(yǔ)點(diǎn)撥】1）in other words換句話說(shuō)

　　Joe doesn’t like work -- in other words, he’s lazy!

　　喬不愛(ài)勞動(dòng)―換句話說(shuō)，他懶惰!

　　2) persuade vt.說(shuō)服；勸說(shuō)；固定短語(yǔ)：persuade sb to do sth＝persuade sb into doing sth說(shuō)服某人做某事。persuade意為“說(shuō)服”，指勸說(shuō)成功；advise意為“勸說(shuō)”，不一定成功。

　　Mrs Green persuaded her husband to go to see the doctor.

　　格林太太說(shuō)服丈夫去看病。

　　Nobody can persuade Linda to change her mind once it is made up.

　　一旦琳達(dá)下定決心就沒(méi)有人可以說(shuō)服她改變主意。

　　We advised the villagers to move immediately to a safe place，but they were not persuaded.

　　我們勸村民立即轉(zhuǎn)移到安全的地方，但是沒(méi)說(shuō)服他們。

　　3) intend vt. 計(jì)劃；打算

　�、賗ntend to do/doing sth 打算做某事……

　　Nowadays more and more young men intend to study/studying abroad.

　　現(xiàn)在越來(lái)越多的年輕人打算出國(guó)留學(xué)。

　�、趇ntend sb to do sth 打算讓某人做某事

　　I intend Tom to go the concert with me.

　　我打算讓湯姆跟我一塊去聽(tīng)音樂(lè)會(huì)。

　　③intend sth或intend+從句“打算，想”

　　You misunderstood George. He intended no harm.

　　你誤會(huì)喬治了，他沒(méi)有惡意。

　　Mr. Black intended that his son should take over the business.

　　布萊克先生打算讓他的兒子接管生意。

　　④be intended for……是用來(lái)，為……設(shè)計(jì)/準(zhǔn)備

　　This English newspaper is intended for the middle school student.

　　這份英語(yǔ)報(bào)紙是給中學(xué)生用的。

　�、輇e intended as/to be 打算作為……之用

　　The book was intended as a pleasant surprise for her sister but was lost in the mail. 這本書原本是作為驚喜送給她姐姐的，但是郵寄丟了。

　　【語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)撥】條件從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，具體用法參見(jiàn)第61句。

　　66. Had Yeats stopped writing at age 40, he would probably now be valued as a minor poet, for there is no other example in literary history of a poet who produces his greatest works between the ages of 50 and 75.

　　如果葉芝在40歲停止寫作，現(xiàn)在他有可能是個(gè)名不見(jiàn)經(jīng)傳的詩(shī)人，因?yàn)樵谖膶W(xué)史上沒(méi)有其他的詩(shī)人能在50歲和75歲之間寫出他最偉大的作品。

　　【句式分析】本句是復(fù)合句，Had Yeats stopped…是虛擬條件從句，省略了if，for引導(dǎo)并列句，who引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句。

　　【詞語(yǔ)點(diǎn)撥】value v. 重視，看重 n.價(jià)值 be valued as被認(rèn)為是

　　Frank is greatly valued as a good student.

　　弗蘭克被認(rèn)為是個(gè)好學(xué)生。

　　If you value your health then you’ll start being a little kinder to yourself.

　　如果你重視自己的健康，你就要開(kāi)始對(duì)自己好一點(diǎn)。

　　Not too much can be said about the value of early rising.

　　早起的好處是說(shuō)不盡的。

　　【語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)撥】條件從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，具體用法參見(jiàn)第61句。

　　67. Still, he could not help thinking that if anything should happen, the nearest person hecontact by radio, unless there was a ship nearby, would be on an island 885 miles away.

　　他禁不住尋思起來(lái)，要是果真有什么意外，除非附近有條船，他用無(wú)線電能聯(lián)系上的最近的人也遠(yuǎn)在885英里以外的島上。

　　【句式分析】本句是復(fù)合句，that 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，其中又包含有一個(gè)if條件從句和unless條件從句，if條件從句中運(yùn)用了虛擬語(yǔ)氣。

　　【詞語(yǔ)點(diǎn)撥】1）can’t help doing禁不住 can’t help (to)do不能幫助做

　　This cinema is so impressive that we can't help crying.

　　這影片如此感人以至我們禁不住流下淚來(lái)。

　　The medicine can’t help to get rid of your cold.

　　這藥不能幫你治好感冒。

　　2） contact v.接觸；與……聯(lián)系 n.接觸；聯(lián)系

　　We agreed to contact again as soon as possible.

　　我們同意盡快再次聯(lián)系。

　　Apparently he never tried to contact her all these years.

　　顯然這些年來(lái)他沒(méi)有跟她聯(lián)系過(guò)。

　　The pilot was trying to make contact with his base.

　　飛行員正試圖與基地聯(lián)系。

　　She is still in close contact with Sarah.

　　她仍然同薩拉聯(lián)系密切。

　　【語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)撥】條件從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，具體用法參見(jiàn)第61句。

　　68. Asimov had both an extraordinary imagination that gave him the ability to explore future worlds and an amazing mind with which he searched for explanations of everything, in the present and the past.

　　阿西莫夫不僅有著超凡的想象力使他能夠?qū)ξ磥?lái)世界進(jìn)行探索，而且還有驚人的智力，使他能對(duì)現(xiàn)在的和過(guò)去的各種事物做出解釋。

　　【句式分析】本句包含兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句: that …引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞imagination ,with which…引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞mind。

　　【詞語(yǔ)點(diǎn)撥】1)explore vt.探測(cè)，探索

　　The children have gone exploring in the woods.

　　孩子們?nèi)チ种刑诫U(xiǎn)了。

　　2)search for 尋找

　　As they entered the forest, they began to search for a suitable camping spot.

　　當(dāng)他們進(jìn)入森林時(shí)，就開(kāi)始尋找合適的露營(yíng)地點(diǎn)。

　　【語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)撥】本句中with which …引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句屬于介詞+關(guān)系代詞，在此結(jié)構(gòu)中指物只能用which。如：

　　According to the old stories of Iceland and Norway, Eric the Red was forced to leave Iceland because he had committed a murder, for which he got into trouble.

　　根據(jù)冰島和挪威的傳說(shuō)，埃里克·雷德因一起謀殺案而被迫離開(kāi)冰島。

　　69. Among his most famous works of science fiction, one for which he won an award was “The Foundation Trilogy” (1951-1953), three stories about the death and rebirth of a great empire in a galaxy of the future.

　　在他那些最富盛名的科幻小說(shuō)中，那本獲獎(jiǎng)的書叫做《基地三部曲》（1951-1953），書有三個(gè)小故事組成，講的是未來(lái)銀河系中一個(gè)偉大帝國(guó)的滅亡與復(fù)興。

　　【句式分析】本句包含一個(gè)介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，for which …修飾先行詞worksof science fiction; three stories about the death and rebirth of a great empire in a galaxy of the future作The Foundation Trilogy 的同位語(yǔ)。

　　【詞語(yǔ)點(diǎn)撥】1) work n.「U」工作，勞動(dòng)「C」常作works，有時(shí)作a work, 著作，作品

　　I particularly like the works by Da Vinci.

　　我尤其喜歡達(dá)芬奇的作品。

　　We all consider it as a work of genius.

　　我們都視它為一件極具天才創(chuàng)意的作品。

　　2) award n.「C」獎(jiǎng)，獎(jiǎng)金；vt 授予，給予

　　She showed us the athletics awards she had won.

　　她給我們看她贏得的體育運(yùn)動(dòng)獎(jiǎng)。

　　He was awarded a medal for bravery. 他因勇敢而獲得一枚獎(jiǎng)?wù)隆?br />
　　【語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)撥】本句中for which …引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句屬于介詞+關(guān)系代詞，在此結(jié)構(gòu)中指物只能用which。具體用法參見(jiàn)第68句。

　　70. Many people fear it could be the next global epidemic, especially as scientists who studied tissue from the bodies of people who died of the 1918 Spanish Flu proved that Bird Flu is a modern adaptation of the same virus.

　　許多人擔(dān)心它會(huì)成為下一個(gè)全球性的傳染病，特別是在一些科學(xué)家研究了死于1918年西班牙大流感的人的尸體組織后，證明了禽流感是同一種病毒的現(xiàn)代變異體。

　　【句式分析】本句包含兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句， who studied …修飾先行詞scientists; who died of …修飾先行詞people; that Bird Flu is …引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，作prove 的賓語(yǔ)。

　　【詞語(yǔ)點(diǎn)撥】1) especially adv. 特別，尤其，通常對(duì)前面所描述的事件進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的說(shuō)明或補(bǔ)充；specially adv. 專門地，強(qiáng)調(diào)目的。

　　He likes all subjects, especially English.

　　他喜歡所有的學(xué)科，尤其是英語(yǔ)。

　　I made this cake specially for you.

　　我特意為你做的這個(gè)蛋糕。

　　2)adaptation n. 改編；適應(yīng)；adapt vt. 使適應(yīng)

　　I gradually adapted myself to living on my own.

　　我逐漸適應(yīng)了獨(dú)立生活。

　　3)prove vt.證明，證實(shí) vi.「用作系動(dòng)詞」證明是

　　It has been proved that eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life.

　　經(jīng)證實(shí)，童年時(shí)吃蔬菜可幫助日后不生大病。

　　The book has proved (to be )very successful.

　　事實(shí)證明這本書非常成功。

　　【語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)撥】本句中定語(yǔ)從句who studied …修飾先行詞scientists; 定語(yǔ)從句who died of …修飾先行詞people; who 作為關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句指人并在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。如：

　　All the boys who are now swimming in the river are from Wuhan.

　　所有在河里游泳的孩子都來(lái)自武漢。

　　I’ve become good friends with several of the students who I met in the English speech contest last year.

　　我與好幾位去年在英語(yǔ)演講比賽中結(jié)識(shí)的同學(xué)成了好朋友。

　　71. He discovered small areas of mist which were in fact galaxies like our own, millions of light years away from us, which proved that the universe was vastly larger than had previously been thought.

　　他發(fā)現(xiàn)小的霧區(qū)實(shí)際上是像我們自己的星系一樣的星系，離我們有幾百萬(wàn)光年之遠(yuǎn)，這一發(fā)現(xiàn)證明了宇宙比我們以前想象的要大得多。

　　【句式分析】本句包含兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，which were in fact…修飾先行詞small areas of mist; which proved that…修飾前面整個(gè)句子。

　　【詞語(yǔ)點(diǎn)撥】1)in fact 實(shí)際上，其實(shí)

　　In fact, exercise produces chemicals that are good for your brain.

　　事實(shí)上，運(yùn)動(dòng)產(chǎn)生的化學(xué)物質(zhì)對(duì)你的大腦有益。

　　【語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)撥】本句中定語(yǔ)從句which were in fact …修飾先行詞small areas of mist; 定語(yǔ)從句which proved that …修飾前面整個(gè)句子;which 作為關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句指物或指整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容，在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。如：

　　It sounded like a train which was going under my house.

　　那響聲聽(tīng)起來(lái)就像一列火車在我的房子底下開(kāi)過(guò)似的。

　　He was very rude to the customs officer, which, of course, made things even worse.

　　他對(duì)海關(guān)官員非常無(wú)理，這當(dāng)然使得事情更糟糕了。

　　72. It is a language without words that consists of gestures, facial expressions and body movements that greatly add to -- and sometimes even replace -- spoken language.

　　它是一種沒(méi)有字詞，由手勢(shì)、面部表情和身體動(dòng)作組成的語(yǔ)言，它極大地豐富了—后悔有時(shí)甚至取代了—口頭語(yǔ)言。

　　【句式分析】本句包含兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，that consists of …修飾先行詞a language; that greatly add to…修飾gestures, facial expressions and body movements。

　　【詞語(yǔ)點(diǎn)撥】1)consist of 由……組成

　　Life consists of not only sunshine but also hard times.

　　生活中不僅有陽(yáng)光，還有艱難困苦。

　　2）add to 增加

　　Colorful umbrellas add to a lively atmosphere in the summer streets.

　　各色陽(yáng)傘給夏日街頭增添了活潑的氣氛。

　　3) replace vt替換，更換；把……放回原處

　　We’d be happy to replace the radio for you.

　　我們?cè)敢鉃槟�更換這個(gè)錄音機(jī)。

　　He suggested that we should replace the magazines after reading.

　　他建議我們閱讀完雜志后放回原處。

　　【語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)撥】本句中定語(yǔ)從句that consists of …修飾先行詞a language; 定語(yǔ)從句that greatly add to…修飾gestures, facial expressions and body movements; that作為關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句指人或物，在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。如：

　　The number of people that has lost homes reached as many as 250,000.

　　無(wú)家可歸的人數(shù)達(dá)到25萬(wàn)。

　　The purpose of the trip was to record the wildlife and plants that we could find in the forest.

　　這次行動(dòng)的目的是把我們?cè)谏�林里發(fā)現(xiàn)的野生動(dòng)植物都一一做好記錄。

　　73. However, instead of showing real, existing structures, he used photographs to make upimaginary structures that best represented the different architectural styles.

　　然而，他并沒(méi)有展現(xiàn)真實(shí)存在的建筑結(jié)構(gòu)，而是用照片聚合成一個(gè)想象中的最能代表不同建筑風(fēng)格的結(jié)構(gòu)圖。

　　【句式分析】本句包含一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，that best represented…修飾先行詞imaginary structures。

　　【詞語(yǔ)點(diǎn)撥】1)instead of 代替，而不是

　　I worried that instead of making money, I would end up owing it.

　　我擔(dān)心我最終會(huì)欠債而不會(huì)賺錢。

　　2）represent vt. 代表，象征

　　He is the ideal person to represent our class.

　　他是代表我們班的理想人選。

　　The word “love” is often represented by a heart.

　　“愛(ài)”這個(gè)詞常以心形來(lái)表示。

　　【語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)撥】本句中定語(yǔ)從句that best represented…修飾先行詞imaginary structures。that作為關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句指人或物，在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ), 具體用法參見(jiàn)第71句。

　　74. One reason why we may dislike reading our own work is that we’re often disappointed that the rich ideas in our minds seem very thin and plain when first written down.

　　我們不喜歡讀自己著作的一個(gè)原因是：當(dāng)讀它的時(shí)候，我們往往會(huì)感到失望，因?yàn)槲覀兡X海中豐富的想法在初稿中卻顯得蒼白無(wú)力。

　　【句式分析】本句包含一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，why we may dislike…修飾先行詞one reason。

　　【詞語(yǔ)點(diǎn)撥】1) dislike vt.不喜歡，厭惡

　　I enjoy learning English, but I dislike remembering new words.

　　我喜歡學(xué)英語(yǔ)，但不喜歡記生詞。

　　2) plain adj.簡(jiǎn)樸的，簡(jiǎn)單的；清楚的，明白的

　　She used to wear a plain but elegant dress.

　　她過(guò)去常穿樸素淡雅的連衣裙。

　　He made it plain to us that he didn’t wish to continue.

　　他向我們明白的表示他不想繼續(xù)下去了。

　　【語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)撥】本句中定語(yǔ)從句why we may dislike…修飾先行詞reason。why作為關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句在從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)。如：

　　The reason why we haven’t seen her these days is that she has been in hospital.

　　我們近些天沒(méi)有見(jiàn)到她的原因是她住院了。

　　75. According to the old stories of Iceland and Norway, Eric the Red was forced to leave Iceland because he had committed a murder, for which he got into trouble.

　　根據(jù)冰島和挪威的傳說(shuō)，埃里克·雷德因一起謀殺案而被迫離開(kāi)冰島。

　　【句式分析】本句包含一個(gè)介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，for which …修飾先行詞a murder。

　　【詞語(yǔ)點(diǎn)撥】1) according to 根據(jù)，按照

　　According to a UN report, some 844 animals and plants have disappeared in the last 500 years.

　　聯(lián)合國(guó)報(bào)告指出，在過(guò)去的500年里，已有約844個(gè)物種消失。

　　2) force vt.強(qiáng)迫，迫使；force sb to do/ into doing 強(qiáng)迫某人做某事

　　We forced the enemy to surrender/ into surrendering.

　　我們迫使敵人投降。

　　3) commit vt.犯（錯(cuò)誤、罪行），干（壞事，傻事;使承擔(dān)義務(wù)，作出保證

　　Smoking is committing suicide slowly.

　　吸煙等于慢性自殺。

　　Both sides committed themselves to settle the problem peacefully.

　　雙方承諾和平解決問(wèn)題。

　　【語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)撥】本句中for which …引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句屬于介詞+關(guān)系代詞， 在此結(jié)構(gòu)中指物只能用which. 具體用法參見(jiàn)第68句。