英語高頻考點:代詞的用法
2019-05-22 10:34:22網(wǎng)絡資源
一、 it的用法 1.作人稱代詞
John likes playing Ping pong./ He always does it in the afternoon.(指代上下文提到的事物); /It's time we went home. / How far is it from here to your home ? / It is getting warmer and warmer./ It's very quiet at the moment.(可指時間、天氣、環(huán)境等) 2.引導詞
A.作形式主語,代替由不定式、動名詞或從句表示的真正主語。
It's important for us to learn a second language./ It's no use talking to him./ It's known to all that the earth goes round the sun.
B.作形式賓語,代替由不定式、動名詞或從句表示的真正賓語。
We feel it our duty to help others./ He made it clear that he would leave the city. C.強調(diào)結構:It is (was) +被強調(diào)部分+that (或who)…
注意:在強調(diào)結構中,如被強調(diào)部分為時間狀語或地點狀語,其后的連接詞也絕不能為when 或where,而應用that 。在復習中,一定要注意句式的不同。 It was in Shanghai that I bought the guitar.(that引起強調(diào)句) It was Shanghai where I bought the guitar.(where引起定從)
It was twelve o'clock when we arrived there.(when引起時間狀語從句) It was at twelve o'clock that we arrived there.(that 引起強調(diào)句)
3. it,one,that 的區(qū)別:作為代詞,這三個詞的對比使用是高考的熱點之一。 —Why don't we take a little break? —Didn't we just have __________? A.it B.that C.one D.this
The Parkers bought a new house but _________will need a lot of work before they can move in. A.they B.it C.one D.which
one 用以指代同類事物中的任一,that 特指性強,指代可數(shù)與不可數(shù)詞,而it指代上文提過的同一事物。
二、 關系代詞
who,whose,whom,which,that,as
1)which可以引導非限定性定語從句,代表前面整個句子的內(nèi)容,并且在從句中做主語 2)that的用法 1)不用that的情況
a) 在引導非限定性定語從句時。 b) 介詞后不能用。
We depend on the land from which we get our food. We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.
2) 只能用that作為定語從句的關系代詞的情況 a) 在there be 句型中,只用that,不用which。
b) 在不定代詞,如:anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行詞時,只用that,不用which。
c) 先行詞有the only, the very修飾時,只用that。 d) 先行詞為序數(shù)詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級時,只用that。. e) 先行詞既有人,又有物時。
舉例:
All that is needed is a supply of oil. 所需的只是供油問題。
Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. 那賊最終把偷的全部東西交給了警察。
3) as的用法
AS作關系代詞,用來引導定語從句:限制性定語從句和限非制性定語從句 一、AS引導限制性定語從句
AS引導限制性定語從句時,通常和such, the same, as(so)等連用,構成such...as/such as, the same...as/the same as, as(so)...as等結構,在從句中可作主語,賓語和表語。
1.such...as/such as意為―...的那種...,像那樣的‖,such...as/such as引導限制性定語從句時,既可指人,也可指物。such用于名詞之前時,具有形容詞性質;such單獨使用(即后面不接名詞)時,具有代詞性質。
Don‘t trust such men as praise you to your face.(as作主語) 不要相信那種當面吹捧你的人。
You should read only such books as you can understand without much difficulty.(as作賓語) 你應當只讀那些你讀起來不太難懂的書。
Associate with such as will improve your manners.(as作主語) 要和能改善你的言行的那種人結交。
2.the same...as/the same as意為―與...同樣的‖,和such一樣,the same既有形容詞作用,又有代詞性質。
We have arrived at the same conclusion as they have.(as作賓語) 我們已得出和他們同樣的結論。
比較:the same...as和the same...that不同,前者是―同那一個相似‖,后者是―正是那一個‖。如:
This is the same watch as I lost. 這同我丟的那塊表一樣。
This is the same watch that I lost? 這正是我丟的那塊表。
3.as(so)...as意為―和...一樣‖,后接由many, much等修飾的名詞或由形容詞修飾的單數(shù)名詞,注意其語序為as(so)+adj.+a+n+as,如: It‘s as pleasant a film as I have ever seen. 這是一部和我以往看的同樣好的電影。
As many soldiers as marched were killed. 很多游行的戰(zhàn)士都被殺了。
注意:such ...as與such...that ,so...as與 so...that的區(qū)別: that是連詞,引出結果狀語從句,在從句部分不作成分;as是關系代詞,引出定語從句,在從句中可作主語,賓語和表語。比較: He is such a nice boy that everyone likes him. He is such a nice boy as everyone likes.
It is so difficult a problem that nobody can work it out. It is so difficult a problem as nobody can workout.
二、AS引導非限制性定語從句
AS引導非限制性定語從句時,通常指的不是主句中的某一個名詞(先行詞),而是指整個主句表達的內(nèi)容,對主句所作的陳述進行附加說明,意為―這...,如...或正如...‖。這種從句可位于主句之前,之中或之后。
As we all know, Taiwan belongs to China. Taiwan, as we all know, belongs to China. Taiwan belongs to China, as we all know. 注意下面的習慣用法:
as is well discussed 正如已討論過的
as is often said 正如通常所說 as is often the case 通常就是這樣 as has been pointed 正如所指出的那樣 as has been said before 如上所述 as often happens 如同經(jīng)常所發(fā)生的那樣 as might be expected正如所料 as is well known to all眾所周知
在多數(shù)情況下,從句中的謂語助動詞可以省略 as explained before 如前面所解釋的 as mentioned above 如前面所提到的 as shown in the figure 如圖所示 as seen from the table 從表中可以看出 as already discussed 正如已討論過的 三、不定代詞
一) . some 與 any 的用法
1. some 用于肯定句以及表示建議或期待得到肯定回答的問句。修飾單數(shù)名詞時,意為某個。如:
I have some questions about the assignment. (希望得到肯定答復)。
2. any 用于否定句和疑問句時,表示一些。用于肯定句時,只和單數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞連用,表示任何。如:
The medicine is on sale every where. You can get it at any chemist?s. 二) . each 與 every 的用法
1. each 強調(diào)個體,表示兩個或兩個以上中的每一個,在句中可充當主語、賓語、定語和同位語。如:
There are trees and flowers at each side of the road.
2. every 強調(diào)整體,表示三者或三者以上中的每一個,只能作定語,不能說 every of them ,要說 every one of them .
Every student in our class works hard. 三 . no one 與 none 的用法
1. no one 意為沒有人,只能指人,不能指物,不可與介詞 of 連用,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式,回答 who 引導的問句。如: Who is in the classroom? No one.
2. none 既可指人,也可指物,強調(diào)數(shù)量,意為一點也不,一個也不;謂語動詞既可用單數(shù)也可用復數(shù);常與 of 連用,通常指三者以上的人或物中沒有一個,回答 how much 和 how many 引導的問句。如:
They were all tired, but none of them would stop to have a rest. 四 . other, another, others, any other, the other 的用法
1. other 表示泛指,意為另外的、其它的。常與復數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞連用。如果其前有 the, this, some, any, each, every, no, one 以及形容詞性物主代詞時,其后就可接單數(shù)名詞。如: I have no other place to go.
2. another 常用于指三者或三者以上中的另外一個,泛指單數(shù)�?蓡为毷褂�,也可后接名詞。如果其后接復數(shù)名詞,則表示又、再、還。如: This cap is too small for me. Show me another (one)。 We need another three assistants in our shop.
3. others :它是 other 的復數(shù)形式,表示泛指,意為別的人或物,但不指全部。特指時在其前加定冠詞;前面可加任何限定詞以及數(shù)量詞。如: He has more concern for others than for himself.
4. any other 表示一個之外的其他任何一個,而不是兩個之中的另一個。如: China is larger than any other country in Asia.
5. the other :表示兩者中的另外一個�?蓡为毷褂茫部山訂螖�(shù)名詞。如: No agreement was reached in the discussion as neither side would give way to the other.
五. all 與 both 的用法 均表示都,但 all 表示三者以上的人或物, both 則表示兩個人或物。二者都表示肯定意義,如果與 not 連用時,則表示部分否定。
六 . neither 與 either 的用法 都可用于表示兩個人或物。 neither 表否定意義,意為(兩者中的每一個)都不;而 either 表肯定意義,意為(兩者中的每一個)都。都可單獨使用,也可同介詞 of 連用。如: Both teams were in hard training; neither willing to lose the game. Do you want tea or coffee? Either. I really don't mind.
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