锟斤拷锟斤拷2020锟竭匡拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絖(k锟斤拷i)锟斤拷(zh锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(zh锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷藛锟�锟斤拷锟竭匡拷锟絎(w锟斤拷ng)小锟斤拷锟斤拷锟轿伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭恍╋拷呖锟斤拷锟�(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷覅锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟竭匡拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷(ch锟斤拷ng)锟給(w锟斤拷)聲锟侥戯拷(zh锟斤拷n)锟斤拷(zh锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷要锟斤拷漂锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紸锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷(ch锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷(zh锟斤拷n)锟斤拷(zh锟斤拷ng)锟侥勶拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紿要锟竭傦拷锟斤拷锟矫碉拷锟侥態(t锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷知锟絉(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟街久碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷規(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟侥达拷锟絵锟斤拷锟缴ｏ拷還要锟杰夛拷锟斤拷锟斤拷知锟斤拷知锟斤拷锟斤拷锟截戯拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(锟皆硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵锟较庯拷锟斤拷閱撅拷锟较庯拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷悉锟竭匡拷锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟斤拷閱撅拷規(gu锟斤拷)锟絫锟斤拷規(gu锟斤拷)锟杰筹拷見(ji锟斤拷n)锟紾锟斤拷锟絚(di锟斤拷n),锟轿筹拷锟斤拷锟絖锟侥达拷锟絵模锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷取锟矫高匡拷锟斤拷锟侥成癸拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟竭匡拷閱撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絣規(gu锟斤拷)锟絫

锟斤拷锟斤拷規(gu锟斤拷)锟絫1:“锟斤拷(du锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絤锟絜(cu锟斤拷)”原锟絫锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟竭匡拷锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絕锟絵閱撅拷r(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷閱撅拷锟较庯拷锟斤拷注锟斤拷锟斤拷全锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟絀锟絶锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷只注锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(du锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(du锟斤拷)锟节达拷偏锟斤拷锟絜(cu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟街筹拷锟斤拷'锟給(w锟斤拷)暇顧硷拷锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷(du锟斤拷)锟矫凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜(cu锟斤拷)锟斤拷失锟斤拷”锟侥現(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷浅锟斤拷毡锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟絚(di锟斤拷n)之锟斤拷锟斤拷閱撅拷锟较庯拷锟斤拷閱撅拷r(sh锟斤拷)還锟斤拷(hu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟金案的伙拷锟斤拷锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)锟角凤拷锟斤拷锟絖,锟斤拷锟接憋拷锟絖(d锟斤拷)锟角凤拷锟�(zh锟斤拷n)锟絖锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷Y(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接滐拷(zh锟斤拷n)锟絖锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絖(d锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟姐都锟杰得碉拷锟斤拷锟絕锟竭的凤拷?j锟斤拷n)?sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(l锟斤拷i)锟斤拷(ji锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟絵锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷锟接的岋拷(du锟斤拷)锟斤拷:锟斤拷思路锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街憋拷锟絖(d锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷前锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絤锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷(xi锟斤拷)一些锟斤拷(n锟斤拷i)锟捷ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷詸z锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟接的檢锟�(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷......锟斤拷之,千锟絝(w锟斤拷n)锟絜锟秸帮拷,锟秸帮拷锟斤拷锟紽锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷規(gu锟斤拷)锟絫2锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节憋拷锟絁(r锟斤拷n)”原锟絫锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷閱撅拷锟较庯拷每锟届都要锟斤拷閱庯拷千锟斤拷試锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟斤拷疲锟节感达拷铱锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�,锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷馨锟斤拷锟斤拷E锟斤拷(xi锟斤拷)锟矫癸拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷式锟接岋拷(xi锟斤拷)锟斤拷規(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絁(r锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵思路锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷然锟斤拷锟阶得碉拷閱撅拷锟教庯拷锟斤拷锟絁(r锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟矫凤拷锟斤拷然锟酵革拷;锟斤拷之,锟斤拷锟斤拷銓�(xi锟斤拷)锟斤拷要锟叫硷拷(x锟斤拷)锟叫撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟杰確锟絁(r锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟絖锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷然锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟阶憋拷锟絁(r锟斤拷n)锟缴★拷锟斤拷锟皆达拷锟絵锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟饺ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絕(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟绞诧拷锟斤拷锟街诧拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷漂锟斤拷,锟斤拷锟绞�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节憋拷锟絁(r锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�,要锟斤拷锟睫革拷锟斤拷锟絝(w锟斤拷n)一要锟睫革拷锟斤拷也要锟斤拷指锟斤拷锟侥达拷锟絵锟絕(q锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟�(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟截憋拷示锟斤拷锟斤拷(l锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟竭匡拷閱撅拷锟叫憋拷e锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟叫兩種锟斤拷r:锟斤拷一锟角匡拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟睫改答案時(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟侥勶拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(ji锟斤拷n)锟絈锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷B锟侥筹拷D,锟斤拷锟絞锟睫改诧拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟統锟皆憋拷锟絁(r锟斤拷n);锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫╋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷_(k锟斤拷i)始锟斤拷锟�(锟絵)锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絔(m锟斤拷i)锟叫帮拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟経锟絇锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絔(m锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟斤拷0.5mm锟斤拷色锟斤拷锟街筆,锟斤拷锟揭诧拷](m锟斤拷i)锟矫猴拷锟街筆锟斤拷锟斤拷圈锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷o)锟铰掞拷锟斤拷r(sh锟斤拷)锟紻锟今不夛拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷卮锟绞э拷锟�锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷規(gu锟斤拷)锟絫3锟斤拷注锟斤拷使锟矫學(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絑(y锟斤拷)锟斤拷,锟斤拷叽锟斤拷}锟斤拷規(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟皆★拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟竭匡拷锟斤拷一锟絅锟絰锟斤拷锟皆匡拷試锟斤拷锟斤拷校锟絰锟轿碉拷锟角革拷锟斤拷锟芥都锟较革拷锟斤拷锟街�锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟竭匡拷閱撅拷锟叫岋拷(du锟斤拷)锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絑(y锟斤拷)锟皆碉拷規(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷浅锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絑(y锟斤拷)锟斤拷規(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷也锟角高匡拷試锟斤拷锟�(bi锟斤拷o)锟斤拷(zh锟斤拷n)锟金案欙拷(qu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆的撅拷锟絯锟絯锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟节忥拷(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟戒考锟絩(sh锟斤拷)要锟紹(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷規(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絑(y锟斤拷)锟斤拷規(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絖(d锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟絋锟斤拷锟紷锟接才诧拷锟斤拷(hu锟斤拷)锟节高匡拷锟叫無(w锟斤拷)锟絕失锟斤拷锟斤拷閱撅拷锟絗锟斤拷漠a(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷,锟斤拷要锟叫兩傦拷(g锟斤拷)原锟斤拷:一锟角斤拷锟絵锟絕(gu锟斤拷)锟教碉拷規(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷;锟斤拷锟角曪拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷(xi锟斤拷)锟斤拷規(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

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锟斤拷锟斤拷锟竭匡拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絕锟絵锟斤拷锟揭�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟矫猴拷(ji锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街憋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟矫伙拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絑(y锟斤拷)锟斤拷(l锟斤拷i)锟截达拷锟斤拷(w锟斤拷n)锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟竭匡拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷r锟斤拷锟揭傦拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絕锟絵锟斤拷見(ji锟斤拷n)失锟斤拷锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟絯锟絳锟斤拷锟铰ｏ拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷1.锟斤拷锟芥不锟斤拷規(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷位锟斤拷锟筋寫(xi锟斤拷)

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锟斤拷锟斤拷2.锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟斤拷}锟斤拷失锟斤拷

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锟斤拷锟斤拷(1)要锟斤拷锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷還锟斤拷“锟絰锟接凤拷锟斤拷式”锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(2)要锟斤拷锟斤拷“元锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絈(ch锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷“锟斤拷號(h锟斤拷o)锟斤拷還锟斤拷“锟斤拷號(h锟斤拷o)锟斤拷“锟斤拷號(h锟斤拷o)”锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(3)要锟斤拷锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷”還锟斤拷">"锟斤拷锟斤拷''還锟斤拷“變锟斤拷”锟饺★拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(4)要锟斤拷锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)式"锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷式”锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)式"锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)锟斤拷(ji锟斤拷n)式锟斤拷锟筋簡(ji锟斤拷n)式”還锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟绞�”锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(5)要锟斤拷(hu锟斤拷)“锟絰锟接結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)示锟斤拷D”還锟斤拷“原锟接結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)示锟斤拷D”

锟斤拷锟斤拷(6)要锟斤拷锟筋寫(xi锟斤拷)锟斤拷“a锟斤拷b锟斤拷c锟斤拷d”還锟斤拷“A锟斤拷B锟斤拷C锟斤拷D”锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(7)要锟斤拷锟筋寫(xi锟斤拷)“锟斤拷锟紹(t锟斤拷i)原锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷挪锟绞�”還锟斤拷“锟絩(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷挪锟绞�”锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷3.锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絑(y锟斤拷)锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷(xi锟斤拷)锟斤拷規(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷失锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟竭匡拷锟絬(p锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷r(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷(du锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜(cu锟斤拷)锟斤拷(xi锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷號(h锟斤拷o)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絑(y锟斤拷)锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷(xi锟斤拷)锟斤拷規(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟皆硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷y锟斤拷(xi锟斤拷)锟統锟斤拷(hu锟斤拷)锟斤拷要锟桔凤拷锟斤拷锟紷锟�(l锟斤拷i)锟斤拷r锟絤锟角比比斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷也锟斤拷見(ji锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟絩锟斤拷锟界：

锟斤拷锟斤拷(1)锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷(xi锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷式锟絩(sh锟斤拷)未锟斤拷平锟斤拷未注锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟絣锟斤拷锟斤拷“→”“ === ”“ ↑锟斤拷↓ ”锟饺橈拷(bi锟斤拷o)注锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(2)锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷(xi锟斤拷)锟结化锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷式锟絩(sh锟斤拷)未注锟斤拷:锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟侥狅拷B(t锟斤拷i)锟斤拷“+”“-”號(h锟斤拷o)锟斤拷“kJ/moL”,系锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷值锟斤拷(du锟斤拷)锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(3)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(du锟斤拷)原锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(du锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟侥嗭拷位锟斤拷(xi锟斤拷)锟斤拷“g”锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(4)锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟絯锟絜锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟杰斤拷取锟斤拷芏锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(qi锟斤拷ng)锟饺的嗭拷位漏锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(5)锟給(w锟斤拷)锟紺(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷式锟絜(cu锟斤拷)锟斤拷“→”锟斤拷锟叫機(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷锟絜(cu锟斤拷)锟斤拷“====”锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(6)锟叫機(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷Y(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)锟斤拷(ji锟斤拷n)式锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷(xi锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(7)電極锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)式锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絔锟斤拷失锟斤拷訑锟�(sh锟斤拷)锟絚锟絰锟接碉拷電猴拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)系锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(8)锟絶锟斤拷元锟截凤拷號(h锟斤拷o)Cu锟斤拷(xi锟斤拷)锟斤拷Ca,—锟斤拷锟斤拷碳锟侥凤拷锟斤拷式CO锟斤拷(xi锟斤拷)锟斤拷Co,锟阶伙拷锟斤拷姆锟斤拷锟绞絇H3锟斤拷(xi锟斤拷)锟斤拷H3P锟饺★拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷4.锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷(xi锟斤拷)锟斤拷規(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷失锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(xi锟斤拷)锟絜(cu锟斤拷)锟絜锟斤拷:锟节高匡拷閱撅拷锟斤拷锟絬(p锟斤拷ng)锟街硷拷(x锟斤拷)锟絫锟斤拷,“锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絈(ch锟斤拷ng)”锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絖锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷F(xi锟斤拷n)锟絜(cu锟斤拷)锟絜锟斤拷,锟絫锟斤拷锟斤拷(j锟斤拷)該锟秸的凤拷值锟斤拷小锟絤锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟桔凤拷.锟斤拷锟劫匡拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷(xi锟斤拷)锟絜(cu锟斤拷)锟絜锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞诧拷锟街讹拷锟斤拷锟桔凤拷,锟斤拷锟斤拷F(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟絜(cu锟斤拷)锟絗锟斤拷:锟斤拷锟絜(cu锟斤拷)锟絜锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟饺氣寫(xi锟斤拷)锟缴綠锟斤拷;锟杰解寫(xi锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟桔斤拷;锟斤拷锟絪锟斤拷(xi锟斤拷)锟缴凤拷锟斤拷;锟絳(l锟斤拷n)色锟斤拷(xi锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絤色;锟斤拷锟斤拷(xi锟斤拷)锟缴憋拷;锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(xi锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷;锟斤拷脂锟斤拷(xi锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷‘锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(xi锟斤拷)锟斤拷脂锟斤拷;锟紷锟絵锟斤拷(xi锟斤拷)锟缴帮拷锟絵;锟斤拷锟斤拷石锟斤拷(xi锟斤拷)锟缴斤拷锟绞�;锟斤拷鍖�(xi锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絈(锟斤拷锟�)锟�;锟紽锟斤拷锟絖(t锟斤拷i)锟斤拷(xi锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟紽锟紸锟絖(t锟斤拷i);锟絕(gu锟斤拷)锟絍锟斤拷(xi锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絕(gu锟斤拷)锟絔锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿庯拷讓锟�(xi锟斤拷)锟斤拷藥锟斤拷;取锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷(xi锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷'锟斤拷:锟給(w锟斤拷)色锟斤拷(xi锟斤拷)锟缴帮拷色锟斤拷锟絍锟斤拷瓶锟斤拷(xi锟斤拷)锟缴硷拷锟斤拷瓶锟斤拷锟斤拷瓶锟斤拷(xi锟斤拷)锟缴圓锟阶燂拷瓶锟饺碉拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷5锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絑(y锟斤拷)锟皆憋拷锟絖(d锟斤拷)锟斤拷規(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷n)謹(j锟斤拷n)锟斤拷失锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(ji锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟絵要锟斤拷要锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟矫凤拷锟斤拷锟絑(y锟斤拷)锟皆旓拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟斤拷邏輯锟斤拷系锟斤拷前锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟絖锟斤拷“锟斤拷''锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)指“锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)原锟斤拷”锟斤拷只锟叫緊锟津化學(xu锟斤拷)原锟斤拷去锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷Q锟斤拷(w锟斤拷n)锟絵锟斤拷锟金步斤拷锟斤拷锟杰得碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷?j锟斤拷n)?sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵锟叫戯拷(y锟斤拷ng)注锟斤拷锟絑(y锟斤拷)锟斤拷突锟斤拷原锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接次凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟较科學(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷邏輯锟皆★拷锟斤拷(zh锟斤拷n)锟絖锟斤拷锟斤拷規(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷思路锟斤拷y锟斤拷锟皆诧拷锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷锟絖(d锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷使锟絃(zh锟斤拷ng)篇锟斤拷論也锟斤拷锟矫凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿種锟絅,锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节达拷锟絵锟絩(sh锟斤拷)一系锟叫的诧拷規(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�,锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节达拷锟絵锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞硷拷锟斤拷K锟截時(sh锟斤拷)锟絩(sh锟斤拷)處處規(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷,锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷薅鹊販p锟劫凤拷知锟絉(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷失锟街★拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟竭匡拷锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟竭分必氾拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥歷锟斤拷呖锟介喚锟斤拷锟�,锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟铰凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絃(zh锟斤拷ng)锟侥匡拷锟絞锟斤拷锟�

锟斤拷锟斤拷1.锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷規(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷:锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟截岋拷锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷試锟絵锟叫碉拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟絀锟街凤拷锟斤拷(bi锟斤拷o)圈锟斤拷锟組锟斤拷锟絧锟劫岋拷锟絵锟絜(cu锟斤拷)锟絗锟斤拷锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟絖锟斤拷锟斤拷”“锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絖锟斤拷锟斤拷”“锟斤拷锟斤拷”“一锟斤拷”“锟斤拷一锟斤拷""锟斤拷锟斤拷"锟絤锟斤拷,锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷,锟斤拷“通锟斤拷,锟斤拷“锟斤拷(bi锟斤拷o)锟斤拷(zh锟斤拷n)锟斤拷r锟铰ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷2.锟斤拷(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷試锟絵要锟襟及學(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷規(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷注锟斤拷锟絵目锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟斤拷“锟絰锟接凤拷锟斤拷式锟絚锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷式"“锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)式锟絚锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)锟斤拷(ji锟斤拷n)式''“锟斤拷锟绞斤拷c锟斤拷锟斤拷挪锟绞斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟脚诧拷锟紻"“锟斤拷锟絩(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷同锟斤拷锟絰锟接伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷"“锟叫機(j锟斤拷)锟较筹拷锟斤拷锟教圖锟角凤拷規(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷"锟斤拷锟斤拷注锟解化锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷(zhu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷锟杰岋拷(xi锟斤拷)锟絜(cu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絟锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷前锟斤拷锟斤拷喾�锟斤拷锟絥锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷悉一锟铰伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟酵岋拷(sh锟斤拷)锟�(y锟斤拷n)锟絙锟斤拷锟斤拷锟脚絕锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絑(y锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絖(d锟斤拷)锟絜(cu锟斤拷)锟絗锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷,锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟絣锟斤拷漏锟斤拷(xi锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絜(cu锟斤拷)锟斤拷(xi锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷式?j锟斤拷ng)]锟斤拷锟斤拷平锟斤拷锟斤拷注锟斤拷锟叫機(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷Y(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)式锟斤拷锟杰曪拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷(xi锟斤拷)锟絜(cu锟斤拷)锟絗锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)“H”锟斤拷锟劫傦拷(g锟斤拷)“H”锟斤拷锟斤拷r锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷見(ji锟斤拷n)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷3.锟斤拷(du锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷(ji锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�“锟斤拷锟街凤拷锟絭锟斤拷一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷(w锟斤拷n)锟絵锟侥兩傦拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角讹拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟絵锟侥給锟斤拷通锟絫锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵锟絩(sh锟斤拷)注锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街憋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷,锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷E锟绞诧拷锟斤拷锟絣锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(hu锟斤拷)影锟介喚锟斤拷蠋锟斤拷锟斤拷袛锟�锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷4.锟斤拷(du锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟紻锟斤拷锟絵锟侥必氾拷锟斤拷锟斤拷“抓住锟斤拷锟絚(di锟斤拷n)”——锟斤拷锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟終锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷c(di锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷c(di锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷5.锟接达拷崭锟�(锟斤拷锟斤拷锟睫革拷)锟斤拷直锟斤拷锟节达拷锟絵锟斤拷锟较达拷锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷規(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷(du锟斤拷)锟皆硷拷锟侥达拷锟斤拷M(j锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟睫改★拷锟斤拷锟劫匡拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟絕(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷謹(j锟斤拷n)锟斤拷,喜锟絞锟斤拷試锟絵锟较筹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷然锟斤拷锟劫岋拷锟金案筹拷锟斤拷(xi锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟铰岋拷(sh锟斤拷)锟紺锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(hu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟組(f锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥時(sh锟斤拷)锟絞锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟絅锟矫诧拷锟斤拷失锟斤拷“聰锟斤拷锟絗”

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥★拷锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟�(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(ji锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟絵锟侥达拷锟絵模锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟饺�锟斤拷(gu锟斤拷)試锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(du锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟�(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥匡拷锟剿憋拷锟截加达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷閱撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭傦拷锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟紽(xi锟斤拷n),锟斤拷锟斤拷(l锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟街憋拷锟絖(d锟斤拷)锟酵猴拷(ji锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷v锟疥考锟斤拷锟斤拷失锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷覀淇硷拷r(sh锟斤拷)锟絁(r锟斤拷n)锟斤拷w锟絳锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷1 .锟統(c锟斤拷)锟斤拷液锟絯锟絯锟絜锟絰锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟侥达拷锟絵锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟絀

锟斤拷锟斤拷(1)锟斤拷一锟斤拷:锟斤拷锟杰憋拷液锟絯全锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷,液锟芥穩(w锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絖(k锟斤拷i)始锟絰锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(2)平一平:通锟絕(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡勶拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞癸拷蓚锟�(c锟斤拷)锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷同一水平锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(3)锟斤拷一锟斤拷:視锟斤拷锟絚液锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷c(di锟斤拷n)(锟斤拷锥锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟教�锟斤拷锟斤拷撞锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟教�)锟斤拷锟教度撅拷水平锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟矫凤拷锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟絀锟絶:“平視”“锟教度撅拷”“锟斤拷液锟斤拷”“液锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷c(di锟斤拷n)"“锟斤拷锟斤拷"锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷2.锟斤拷锟斤拷洗锟斤拷拇锟斤拷}模锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(1)锟斤拷锟斤拷洗锟斤拷锟侥匡拷锟�:锟斤拷去锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟芥附锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷邪锟斤拷A锟侥匡拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟接★拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(2)洗锟届方锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷漏锟斤拷锟斤拷(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟斤拷偏水锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絔(m锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟斤拷然锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟截忥拷(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷2?3锟轿★拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(3)锟絗锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�:锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷洗锟斤拷锟较达拷觳伙拷蓛锟�锟斤拷锟絫使锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷偏锟竭★拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷洗锟斤拷螖锟�(sh锟斤拷)锟絕(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絫锟斤拷(hu锟斤拷)使锟斤拷锟街筹拷锟斤拷锟杰斤拷锟绞癸拷锟斤拷|(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷偏锟酵★拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(4)锟斤拷锟巾劑锟角凤拷锟絕(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫斷方锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵模锟斤拷:锟劫加筹拷锟巾劑锟給锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟较岋拷锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟絕锟絤(x锟斤拷)锟轿硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟巾劑锟斤拷锟斤拷锟給(w锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絘(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絫锟紺锟斤拷锟斤拷锟巾劑锟斤拷锟絕(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节硷拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟巾劑锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷試锟斤拷:锟給锟斤拷锟斤拷取锟絤锟斤拷锟较岋拷锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷試锟斤拷锟叫ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟巾劑锟斤拷锟矫產(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷試锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絘(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紺锟斤拷锟斤拷锟巾劑锟斤拷锟絕(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷注锟斤拷:锟斤拷锟斤拷Q(ch锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟組(j锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷計(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絫只锟斤拷锟絰锟矫凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(5)锟叫旓拷锟斤拷锟斤拷欠锟较达拷锟斤拷牟锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷}模锟斤拷:取锟斤拷锟絊锟斤拷锟揭伙拷锟较达拷锟揭�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷……锟斤拷液(試锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷……(锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷),锟斤拷示锟窖斤拷(j锟斤拷ng)洗锟斤拷锟斤拷全锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷3.锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟�(y锟斤拷n)锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷臏锟�(zh锟斤拷n)锟絖锟斤拷全锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵模锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(1)锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷要全锟斤拷:锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥★拷聽(t锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥★拷聞锟斤拷锟斤拷;锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷锟芥、锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷(“锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷”只要锟叫的讹拷要锟斤拷锟斤拷)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(2)锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷(zh锟斤拷n)锟絖:锟斤拷A試锟斤拷锟斤拷……B處锟斤拷……

锟斤拷锟斤拷(3)锟斤拷“锟饺現(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟結(ji锟斤拷)論”锟斤拷式锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷指锟斤拷锟斤拷锟秸★拷锟斤拷锟絝(shu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絝(shu锟斤拷)锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷雀锟斤拷锟�(j锟斤拷)锟結(ji锟斤拷)論锟斤拷锟狡現(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絩锟斤拷針岋拷(du锟斤拷)锟斤拷同锟斤拷B(t锟斤拷i)锟缴帮拷锟斤拷锟斤拷模锟斤拷卮锟�

锟斤拷锟斤拷(1)锟斤拷液锟斤拷:锟缴�锟斤拷……變锟斤拷……锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟铰斤拷(锟轿筹拷液锟斤拷锟�)锟斤拷锟斤拷液變锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(锟絘(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷)……锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絘(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(锟斤拷锟叫氾拷锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟捷筹拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(2)锟斤拷锟絯:锟斤拷锟斤拷a(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷u锟杰斤拷,锟絯锟絜锟斤拷u變小(變锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)),锟缴�锟斤拷……變锟斤拷……

锟斤拷锟斤拷(3)锟斤拷锟絯:锟斤拷锟斤拷……色(味)锟斤拷锟絯,锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷……色變锟斤拷……色锟斤拷锟斤拷變……锟斤拷?…”(锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷變锟絓锟斤拷锟斤拷色)

锟斤拷锟斤拷4.锟芥及平锟斤拷锟狡勶拷(d锟斤拷ng)原锟巾應(y锟斤拷ng)锟矫的达拷锟絵模锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(1)锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷話锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷o)锟斤拷锟劫岋拷(xi锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟芥反锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟侥凤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(2)指锟斤拷锟斤拷變锟侥條锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(3)锟斤拷(d锟斤拷o)锟斤拷平锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷苿锟�(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(4)平锟斤拷锟狡勶拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞裁达拷Y(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷5 .锟轿讹拷锟終锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟叫旓拷锟斤拷}模锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)?sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟�?hellip;…锟斤拷(bi锟斤拷o)锟斤拷(zh锟斤拷n)锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷液變锟斤拷……色锟斤拷锟揭帮拷锟界妰锟�(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟街忥拷(f锟斤拷)原锟斤拷(l锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟缴�锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(l锟斤拷i)锟絵目注锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟絀锟絚(di锟斤拷n):

锟斤拷锟斤拷(1)锟斤拷锟揭伙拷锟�:锟斤拷锟斤拷f(shu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟角碉拷锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟揭伙拷锟�”锟斤拷液锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(2)锟缴�變锟斤拷:锟斤拷锟斤拷f(shu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟揭伙拷锟�”锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷液“锟缴�锟斤拷變锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(3)锟斤拷锟斤拷:锟斤拷锟斤拷f(shu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟缴�變锟斤拷锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟界妰锟�(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟劫恢忥拷(f锟斤拷)原锟斤拷(l锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟缴�

锟斤拷锟斤拷6. pH試锟斤拷使锟矫的达拷锟絵模锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷撕取一小片pH試锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节憋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟矫革拷锟斤潔锟斤拷锟侥诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷蘸取锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟統(c锟斤拷)液锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷pH試锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷,锟斤拷試锟斤拷變色锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界妰锟�(n锟斤拷i)锟絚锟斤拷(bi锟斤拷o)锟斤拷(zh锟斤拷n)锟斤拷色锟斤拷锟斤拷(du锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷7.锟斤拷锟絯锟絲锟�(y锟斤拷n)锟侥达拷锟絵規(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯……(锟斤拷锟斤拷):??…锟斤拷液(試锟斤拷)锟斤拷……(锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷)锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟絀锟絶锟酵得凤拷锟絚(di锟斤拷n):锟斤拷锟斤拷+試锟斤拷+锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷挪锟斤拷锟�:要锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷锟侥勶拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟絶,“锟斤拷锟斤拷”“通锟斤拷”锟饺ｏ拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絖锟斤拷也锟缴诧拷锟斤拷“锟絚(di锟斤拷n)燃”锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(2)試锟斤拷:锟絰锟斤拷試锟斤拷要锟斤拷(zh锟斤拷n)锟絖锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(3)锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷:锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷锟侥現(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟結(ji锟斤拷)論锟斤拷锟叫旓拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷8.锟斤拷锟斤拷瓶锟斤拷漏锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵模锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷瓶锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷食指锟斤拷(j锟斤拷)住瓶锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷然锟斤拷锟劫岋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷瓶锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷瓶锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紻(zhu锟斤拷n)18锟斤拷°锟斤拷锟斤拷锟給锟斤拷锟劫碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟給(w锟斤拷)水锟紹锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絫锟斤拷锟斤拷瓶锟斤拷漏水锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷9.锟絲锟斤拷味锟斤拷锟斤拷欠锟铰┧�锟侥诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵模锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷式锟轿讹拷锟斤拷:锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟絔锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫硷拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟矫滴讹拷锟杰夾锟斤拷锟斤拷潭锟斤拷锟斤拷F锟斤拷锟絖(t锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷锟角凤拷漏水锟斤拷锟斤拷2锟斤拷鐘冿拷(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷漏水锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟給锟斤拷锟紻(zhu锟斤拷n)180°锟斤拷锟斤拷锟截忥拷(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紸式锟轿讹拷锟斤拷:锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫硷拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟矫滴讹拷锟杰夾锟斤拷锟斤拷潭锟斤拷锟斤拷F锟斤拷锟絖(t锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷锟角凤拷漏水锟斤拷锟斤拷2锟斤拷鐘冿拷(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷漏水锟斤拷锟絧锟絧锟紻锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟脚筹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟絯,锟劫达拷锟絕锟斤拷味锟斤拷锟斤拷欠锟铰┧�锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷10.锟轿讹拷锟斤拷锟絪锟斤拷锟捷的诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵模锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷式锟轿讹拷锟斤拷:锟斤拷锟街岋拷锟轿讹拷锟杰傾斜30°锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷迅锟劫达拷锟絖(k锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟斤拷使锟斤拷液锟絖锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥讹拷使锟斤拷液锟斤拷M锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紸式锟轿讹拷锟斤拷:锟斤拷锟絲锟杰忥拷锟斤拷使锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟较傾斜锟斤拷锟矫冿拷指锟斤拷住锟絲锟斤拷,锟絧锟絧锟紻锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷使锟斤拷液锟侥硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絪锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷11.锟斤拷取锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵模锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟絔锟斤拷液漏锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭猴拷锟斤拷锟斤拷液漏锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞庯拷锟斤拷o锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街岋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷漏锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭伙拷锟�(g锟斤拷)小锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絖(k锟斤拷i)锟斤拷液漏锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷使锟铰岋拷液锟絯锟斤拷锟铰匡拷锟斤拷?z锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟较岋拷液锟絯锟斤拷锟较口碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷12 .锟斤拷色锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟侥诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵模锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟饺岋拷锟給锟絲蘸取锟絵锟斤拷锟节酒撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡燂拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(f锟斤拷)锟阶达拷,直锟斤拷锟絚锟狡撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴�锟接斤拷锟斤拷止锟斤拷然锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絈锟絲蘸取锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟統(c锟斤拷)液锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡燂拷锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷色锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絊色锟斤拷锟絫锟絝(shu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟叫猴拷Na+ ;锟斤拷透锟絕(gu锟斤拷)锟絳(l锟斤拷n)色锟紷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴�锟斤拷锟絫锟絝(shu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟叫猴拷K+.

锟斤拷锟斤拷13.锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟叫結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟�(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵模锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟杰斤拷锟斤拷軠囟锟接帮拷小锟斤拷:锟斤拷锟絣(f锟斤拷)-锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟紻锟絕(gu锟斤拷)锟絍锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟杰斤拷锟斤拷軠囟锟接帮拷锟絕锟斤拷驇ЫY(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷水锟斤拷:锟接燂拷锟絪—锟斤拷s锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷-锟絕(gu锟斤拷)锟絍锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷14.锟斤拷锟絯锟�(y锟斤拷n)锟組锟酵檢锟�(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵模锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟�1锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(y锟斤拷n)锟組:锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角碉拷木锟絣平锟斤拷锟节硷拷锟斤拷瓶锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷木锟絣锟斤拷(f锟斤拷)燃锟斤拷锟絫锟絝(shu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟秸硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟窖滿锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷2锟斤拷锟斤拷燃锟皆氾拷锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟解）锟斤拷锟�(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷:锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟秸硷拷一小試锟杰的氾拷锟絯,锟斤拷锟斤拷拇指锟斤拷(j锟斤拷)住锟杰匡拷锟狡斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷,锟斤拷锟絖(k锟斤拷i)锟斤拷指锟斤拷锟斤拷聽(t锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絁锟侥憋拷锟絈聲,锟絫锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷;锟斤拷聽(t锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟絧微锟斤拷“锟斤拷"锟斤拷一聲,锟絫锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟�3锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷碳锟�(y锟斤拷n)锟組:锟斤拷燃锟斤拷锟斤拷木锟絣平锟斤拷锟节硷拷锟斤拷瓶锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷熄锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絫锟斤拷锟絯锟窖滿锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟�4锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(y锟斤拷n)锟組:锟斤拷锟斤拷(r锟斤拷n)锟侥紅色石锟斤拷試锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节硷拷锟斤拷瓶锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷試锟斤拷變锟絳(l锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟絫锟絝(shu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟窖滿锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟�5锟斤拷锟饺氾拷锟�(y锟斤拷n)锟組:锟斤拷锟斤拷(r锟斤拷n)锟侥碉拷锟桔碘化锟皆囷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷诩锟斤拷锟狡匡拷冢锟斤拷锟皆囷拷锟阶冿拷{(l锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟絫锟絝(shu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟窖滿锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷15.锟斤拷H2SO4稀釋诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵模锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷H2SO4锟斤拷?z锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷诰锟斤拷锟阶�锟斤拷水锟叫ｏ拷锟斤拷锟矫诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷?br />
锟斤拷锟斤拷16.原锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(l锟斤拷i)規(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絑(y锟斤拷)锟皆憋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵模锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷”——锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)原锟斤拷锟斤拷“锟叫擄拷(j锟斤拷)”一锟铰岋拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴诧拷取锟斤拷锟铰兩種锟斤拷式锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟�1锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟絝(shu锟斤拷)”——“直锟斤拷原锟斤拷+锟斤拷锟斤拷目锟侥讹拷

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟�2锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟絝(shu锟斤拷)”——“锟斤拷锟�……锟斤拷……”

锟斤拷锟斤拷17.锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絙锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷規(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絑(y锟斤拷)锟皆憋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵模锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟絙锟矫碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷膬蓚锟�(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷卮锟�:锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷……锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷锟絙锟斤拷暮锟教庯拷锟�锟斤拷锟皆凤拷止……锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷锟絙锟斤拷膲锟教庯拷锟斤拷锟�:尾锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絙锟矫碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷:锟斤拷锟斤拷……锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷止锟斤拷染锟秸氣。

锟斤拷锟斤拷18.锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟�(y锟斤拷n)锟絆(sh锟斤拷)計(j锟斤拷)锟�(l锟斤拷i)規(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絑(y锟斤拷)锟皆憋拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥岋拷(sh锟斤拷)锟�(y锟斤拷n)原锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絕(gu锟斤拷)锟教ｏ拷锟津方凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟�(y锟斤拷n)锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟�(y锟斤拷n)锟結(ji锟斤拷)論锟斤拷锟斤拷(l锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵模锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭伙拷F(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷-锟結(ji锟斤拷)論取锟接ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷……—锟斤拷……锟斤拷锟斤拷—……锟斤拷锟斤拷……

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟�1锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟饺檢锟�(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷2锟斤拷锟叫干擾锟侥氾拷锟絯锟饺檢锟�(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟阶岋拷(du锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絯锟揭檢锟�(y锟斤拷n)锟叫干擾锟斤拷锟絲锟�(y锟斤拷n)思路:锟絲锟�(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷-锟斤拷去锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷-锟絖锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟阶筹拷锟組-锟絲锟�(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷19.锟斤拷锟矫岋拷(sh锟斤拷)锟�(y锟斤拷n)锟絗锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷}模锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(du锟斤拷)锟节讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟�(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟矫达拷施锟絧小锟絗锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絧小锟絗锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷陆嵌瓤锟斤拷]锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟�1锟斤拷锟絙锟矫氾拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷;锟斤拷锟脚筹拷锟絙锟斤拷锟叫氾拷锟絯;锟斤拷3锟斤拷锟絧锟劫革拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng);锟斤拷4锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷w锟斤拷锟絪锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷y(c锟斤拷)锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷須革拷锟斤）锟斤拷锟斤拷5锟斤拷锟斤拷止锟秸氾拷锟叫讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷碳锟斤拷水锟組(j锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟絙锟矫等★拷燃锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟統(c锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟�(y锟斤拷n)一锟斤拷锟絆(sh锟斤拷)計(j锟斤拷)思路:锟斤拷锟絯锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絙锟斤拷→锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絙锟斤拷→锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟絙锟斤拷→锟斤拷锟秸產(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤（1锟斤拷→锟斤拷锟秸產(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤（2锟斤拷→锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絙锟斤拷→尾锟斤拷處锟斤拷锟絙锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟铰高匡拷锟結訊锟斤拷锟竭匡拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷前锟斤拷(zh锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟竭匡拷锟紸(y锟斤拷)锟統(c锟斤拷)锟斤拷志愿锟斤拷锟�(b锟斤拷o)锟斤拷锟饺★拷锟�?j锟斤拷n)?sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟竭匡拷锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟絞锟斤拷锟斤拷全锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷(ji锟斤拷)锟絚(di锟斤拷n)

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟組锟斤拷"锟竭匡拷锟絎(w锟斤拷ng)"微锟脚癸拷锟斤拷號(h锟斤拷o)