锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷知锟絉(sh锟斤拷)锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷(du锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷知锟絉(sh锟斤拷)锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟斤拷式也锟斤拷锟絕锟洁，锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷B锟斤拷知锟絉(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絵目锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(du锟斤拷)锟节學(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷(l锟斤拷i)锟絝(shu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷锟斤拷悉锟斤拷锟届練锟教讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷直锟接決锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵目锟杰凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絈锟皆硷拷锟斤拷Q锟侥時(sh锟斤拷)锟絞锟絃(zh锟斤拷ng)锟教★拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷小锟斤拷锟斤拷詢锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥革拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷(l锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷1

       變锟斤拷锟絓(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)

锟斤拷锟斤拷1)锟斤拷變锟斤拷直锟斤拷锟絓(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)

锟斤拷锟斤拷1锟斤拷平锟斤拷锟劫讹拷v平=s/t(锟斤拷锟絰式)

锟斤拷锟斤拷2锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷論vt2–v02=2as

锟斤拷锟斤拷3锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絞锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟劫讹拷vt/2=v平=(vt+v0)/2

锟斤拷锟斤拷4锟斤拷末锟劫讹拷vt=v0+at

锟斤拷锟斤拷5锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絞位锟斤拷锟劫讹拷vs/2=√[(v02+vt2)/2]

锟斤拷锟斤拷6锟斤拷位锟斤拷s=v平t=v0t+at2/2=vtt/2

锟斤拷锟斤拷7锟斤拷锟斤拷锟劫讹拷a=(vt-v0)/t

锟斤拷锟斤拷8锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟�(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷論Δs=aT2(Δs锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟饺時(sh锟斤拷)锟絞锟絞锟斤拷(T)锟斤拷位锟斤拷之锟斤拷)

锟斤拷锟斤拷9锟斤拷锟劫度嗭拷位锟絈锟姐：1m/s=3.6km/h

锟斤拷锟斤拷2)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟絓(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)

锟斤拷锟斤拷1锟斤拷末锟劫讹拷vt=gt

锟斤拷锟斤拷2锟斤拷位锟狡癸拷式h=gt2/2

锟斤拷锟斤拷3锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷r(sh锟斤拷)锟絞t=√(2h/g)

锟斤拷锟斤拷4锟斤拷锟斤拷論vt2=2gh

锟斤拷锟斤拷注锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟劫讹拷锟节筹拷锟斤拷锟叫★拷锟斤拷诟锟缴教庯拷锟狡斤拷锟叫�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絈直锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷3)锟絈直锟较掞拷锟絓(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)

锟斤拷锟斤拷1锟斤拷位锟狡癸拷式s=v0t-gt2/2

锟斤拷锟斤拷2锟斤拷末锟劫讹拷vt=v0-gt

锟斤拷锟斤拷3锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷論vt2–v02=-2gs

锟斤拷锟斤拷4锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟竭讹拷hmax=v02/2g(锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷)

锟斤拷锟斤拷5锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟絞t=2v0/g(锟侥掞拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆�位锟矫的時(sh锟斤拷)锟絞)

锟斤拷锟斤拷4)平锟斤拷锟絓(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)

锟斤拷锟斤拷1锟斤拷水平锟斤拷锟斤拷锟劫讹拷vx=v0

锟斤拷锟斤拷2锟斤拷锟絈直锟斤拷锟斤拷锟劫讹拷vy=gt

锟斤拷锟斤拷3锟斤拷水平锟斤拷锟斤拷位锟斤拷sx=v0t

锟斤拷锟斤拷4锟斤拷锟絈直锟斤拷锟斤拷位锟斤拷sy=gt2/2

锟斤拷锟斤拷5锟斤拷锟絓(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟絞t=√(2sy/g)(通锟斤拷锟街憋拷示锟斤拷√(2h/g))

锟斤拷锟斤拷6锟斤拷锟斤拷锟劫讹拷vt=√(vx2+vy2)=√[v02+(gt)2]

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟劫度凤拷锟斤拷锟絚水平锟紸锟斤拷β锟斤拷tanβ=vy/vx=gt/v0

锟斤拷锟斤拷7锟斤拷锟斤拷位锟斤拷s=√(sx2+sy2)

锟斤拷锟斤拷位锟狡凤拷锟斤拷锟絚水平锟紸锟斤拷α锟斤拷tanα=sy/sx=v0gt/2

锟斤拷锟斤拷2

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟劫圓锟斤拷锟絓(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟絝(w锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷1)锟斤拷锟劫圓锟斤拷锟絓(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)

锟斤拷锟斤拷1锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟絣锟斤拷T=1/f

锟斤拷锟斤拷2锟斤拷锟斤拷锟劫讹拷ω=θ/t=2π/T=2πf

锟斤拷锟斤拷3锟斤拷锟斤拷锟劫讹拷v=s/t=2πR/T=2πRf=ωR

锟斤拷锟斤拷4锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥硷拷锟劫讹拷an=v2/R=ω2R=4π2R/T2=4π2f2R

锟斤拷锟斤拷5锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷Fn=mv2/R=mω2R=4mπ2R/T2=4mπ2f2R

锟斤拷锟斤拷2)锟絝(w锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷1锟斤拷锟絖(k锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟秸碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷T2/R3=K(=4π2/GM)

锟斤拷锟斤拷2锟斤拷锟絝(w锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷F=Gm1m2/r2G=6.67×10-11N·m2/kg2

锟斤拷锟斤拷3锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟较碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟劫讹拷GMm/R2=mg锟斤拷g=GM/R2(R锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟诫徑)

锟斤拷锟斤拷4锟斤拷锟絣(w锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷锟劫讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟劫度★拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷v=√(GM/R)锟斤拷ω=√(GM/R3)锟斤拷T=2π√[R3/(GM)]

锟斤拷锟斤拷5锟斤拷锟斤拷一(锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟劫讹拷v1=√(gr锟斤拷)=7.9km/s(锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絣(w锟斤拷i)锟角碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷w锟斤拷锟劫度猴拷锟斤拷小锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟劫讹拷)锟斤拷v2=11.2km/s锟斤拷v3=16.7km/s

锟斤拷锟斤拷6锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絣(w锟斤拷i)锟斤拷v=√(gr锟斤拷)

锟斤拷锟斤拷7锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷同锟斤拷锟絣(w锟斤拷i)锟斤拷GMm/(R+h)2=4mπ2(R+h)/T2

锟斤拷锟斤拷h≈3.6km(锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷母叨锟�)

锟斤拷锟斤拷注锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷同锟斤拷锟絣(w锟斤拷i)锟斤拷只锟斤拷锟絓(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟节筹拷锟斤拷峡锟�锟斤拷锟絓(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节和碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紻(zhu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷同锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷8锟斤拷锟絧锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷r1=M2R/(M1+M2)锟斤拷r2=M1R/(M1+M2)(r1+r2=R)

锟斤拷锟斤拷3

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(d锟斤拷ng)锟酵诧拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷1锟斤拷锟斤拷(ji锟斤拷n)锟紺锟斤拷锟�(d锟斤拷ng)

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絣锟斤拷F=-kx(锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷锟杰回忥拷(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷小锟絚锟斤拷位锟狡达拷小锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷k锟絈锟斤拷貜锟�(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷系锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷))

锟斤拷锟斤拷2锟斤拷锟轿擺

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节癸拷式T=2π√(l/g)(锟轿擺锟角讹拷θ<5°)<>

锟斤拷锟斤拷3锟斤拷锟紺(j锟斤拷)械锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絃(zh锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节和诧拷锟劫碉拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)系λ=vT

锟斤拷锟斤拷4

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紺(j锟斤拷)械锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷1锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(1)锟斤拷锟侥达拷锟�锟斤拷锟絎=Fscosθ

锟斤拷锟斤拷(2)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟襟法ｏ拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷W锟斤拷=W1+W2+W3……Wn

锟斤拷锟斤拷W锟斤拷=F锟斤拷scosθ

锟斤拷锟斤拷2锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(1)P=W/t锟剿癸拷式锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�

锟斤拷锟斤拷(2)锟斤拷锟绞碉拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絖(d锟斤拷)式锟斤拷P=Fvcosθ锟剿癸拷式锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷平锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷也锟斤拷锟斤拷瞬锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷1)平锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞ｏ拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)v锟斤拷平锟斤拷锟劫度時(sh锟斤拷)

锟斤拷锟斤拷2)瞬锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟绞ｏ拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)v锟斤拷t锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟教碉拷瞬锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟劫讹拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(3)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟紿锟斤拷锟斤拷≤锟絶锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(4)锟紺(j锟斤拷)車锟絓(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷(w锟斤拷n)锟絵(前锟结：锟斤拷锟斤拷f锟姐定)

锟斤拷锟斤拷P=Fv锟斤拷F(xi锟斤拷n)=ma+f(锟斤拷牛锟紻锟节讹拷锟斤拷锟缴碉拷)

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷車锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟叫兩種模式

锟斤拷锟斤拷1)锟斤拷車锟皆恒定锟斤拷锟绞嗭拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)(a锟节減小锟斤拷一直锟斤拷0)

锟斤拷锟斤拷P锟姐定锟斤拷v锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷F(xi锟斤拷n)锟节減小锟斤拷锟斤拷F=ma+f

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)F锟絧小=f锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷v锟剿時(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街�锟斤拷vmax=P/f

锟斤拷锟斤拷2)锟斤拷車锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(d锟斤拷ng)(a锟絖(k锟斤拷i)始锟姐定锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷u锟絧小锟斤拷0)

锟斤拷锟斤拷a锟姐定锟斤拷F(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷變(F=ma+f)锟斤拷v锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷P锟斤拷u锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷~锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷P锟姐定锟斤拷v锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接ｏ拷F(xi锟斤拷n)锟节減小锟斤拷锟斤拷F=ma+f

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)F锟絧小=f锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷v锟剿時(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街�锟斤拷vmax=P/f

锟斤拷锟斤拷3锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟杰讹拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(1)锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷Ek=mv2/2

锟斤拷锟斤拷(2)锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟杰讹拷锟斤拷W锟斤拷=ΔEk=mv2/2-mv02/2

锟斤拷锟斤拷4锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(1)Ep=mgh

锟斤拷锟斤拷(2)WG=-ΔEp

锟斤拷锟斤拷5锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆勶拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(1)Ep=kx2/2

锟斤拷锟斤拷(2)W=-ΔEp

锟斤拷锟斤拷6锟斤拷锟紺(j锟斤拷)械锟斤拷锟截恒定锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷只锟叫憋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷r锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟侥勶拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟杰和勶拷(sh锟斤拷)锟杰發(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟洁互锟紻(zhu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紺(j锟斤拷)械锟杰憋拷锟街诧拷變

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絖(d锟斤拷)式锟斤拷Ek1+Ep1=Ek2+Ep2锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絣锟斤拷锟斤拷只锟叫憋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷5

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯

锟斤拷锟斤拷1锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟侥狅拷B(t锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(1)锟截讹拷(T)锟斤拷T=273+t

锟斤拷锟斤拷(2)锟絯锟絜

锟斤拷锟斤拷(3)锟斤拷锟斤拷(qi锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷1atm=76cmHg=1.013×105pa锟斤拷1cmHg=1333pa

锟斤拷锟斤拷2锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�

锟斤拷锟斤拷p1V1=p2V2锟斤拷pV=const

锟斤拷锟斤拷3锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(1)p1/T1=p2/T2锟斤拷p/T=const

锟斤拷锟斤拷(2)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴的攝锟较溫橈拷(bi锟斤拷o)锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷pt=p0(1+t/273)(pt锟斤拷t锟斤拷r(sh锟斤拷)锟侥氾拷锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷(qi锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷p0锟斤拷0锟斤拷r(sh锟斤拷)锟侥氾拷锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷(qi锟斤拷ng))

锟斤拷锟斤拷(3)锟斤拷論

锟斤拷锟斤拷Δp/Δt=Δp/ΔT=p/T=const

锟斤拷锟斤拷4锟斤拷锟絯·锟斤拷锟絖锟剿讹拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(1)V1/T1=V2/T2锟斤拷V/T=const

锟斤拷锟斤拷(2)锟絯·锟斤拷锟絖锟剿讹拷锟缴的攝锟较溫橈拷(bi锟斤拷o)锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷Vt=V0(1+t/273)(Vt锟斤拷t锟斤拷r(sh锟斤拷)锟侥氾拷锟絯锟絯锟絜锟斤拷V0锟斤拷0锟斤拷r(sh锟斤拷)锟侥氾拷锟絯锟絯锟絜)

锟斤拷锟斤拷(3)锟斤拷論

锟斤拷锟斤拷ΔV/Δt=ΔV/ΔT=V/T=const

锟斤拷锟斤拷5锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷w锟斤拷B(t锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(1)p1V1/T1=p2V2/T2锟斤拷pV/T=const

锟斤拷锟斤拷(2)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟教ｏ拷pV=(m/μ)RT

锟斤拷锟斤拷R锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絤锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷R=p0V0/T0=8.31J/(mol·k)

锟斤拷锟斤拷(3)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷也锟缴憋拷示锟斤拷p=nkT

锟斤拷锟斤拷n锟角嗭拷位锟絯锟絜锟叫的凤拷锟接旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷k锟角诧拷锟斤拷茲锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷k=1.38×10-23J/K

锟斤拷锟斤拷6锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷式

锟斤拷锟斤拷(1)p/T∝ρ(锟斤拷锟絯锟杰讹拷)

锟斤拷锟斤拷(2)p/T∝n0(锟斤拷位锟絯锟絜锟侥氾拷锟絯锟斤拷锟接旓拷(sh锟斤拷))

锟斤拷锟斤拷(3)锟斤拷蠚锟斤拷w锟斤拷式锟斤拷p1V1/T1+p2V2/T2+......+pnVn/Tn=pV/T

锟斤拷锟斤拷(4)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紻锟街夛拷锟斤拷锟缴ｏ拷p1+p2+p3+......+pn=p(锟饺溫氾拷锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟絜锟斤拷變)

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟絔锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟竭匡拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絉锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟竭匡拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷么锟斤拷(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷