锟斤拷锟铰高讹拷锟絭史锟侥學(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷注锟斤拷锟斤拷^锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絓(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞凤拷锟斤拷H锟紸锟轿勶拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷,锟斤拷锟斤拷?gu锟斤拷)讞l锟斤拷锟斤拷也锟角筹拷锟斤拷锟�.锟斤拷锟結锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟侥發(f锟斤拷)展,锟結锟絘(ch锟斤拷n)锟紸锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷母锟斤拷\(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟絖展,锟結锟絘(ch锟斤拷n)锟紸锟斤拷思锟斤拷锟絓(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng),殖锟斤拷U(ku锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟絓(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟藉獨(d锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絓(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷知锟絉锟节革拷锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟紸锟轿伙拷锟斤拷锟较讹拷锟斤拷锟芥及,锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟絩(sh锟斤拷)要注锟斤拷锟斤拷^,锟絯锟絳,锟斤拷锟斤拷,锟揭筹拷锟戒共同锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟酵诧拷同锟絚(di锟斤拷n).

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟結锟絘(ch锟斤拷n)锟紸锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷母锟斤拷\(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷17,18锟斤拷锟給(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟結锟絘(ch锟斤拷n)锟紸锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(英,锟斤拷,锟斤拷),1848锟斤拷W锟睫革拷锟斤拷锟斤拷19锟斤拷锟給(j锟斤拷)60,70锟斤拷锟斤拷Y锟絘(ch锟斤拷n)锟紸锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟酵改革拷,锟斤拷同锟紸锟轿發(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷同原锟斤拷锟斤拷锟結锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟絣(f锟斤拷)展,锟斤拷锟結锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟絣(f锟斤拷)展锟侥程度诧拷同锟絈锟斤拷锟剿诧拷同锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟結锟絘(ch锟斤拷n)锟紸锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟侥撅拷锟絯原锟斤拷,锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥革拷锟斤拷锟轿勶拷(w锟斤拷),锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟組(j锟斤拷n)锟斤拷,锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥結(ji锟斤拷)锟街猴拷影锟斤拷泻艽锟侥差異.

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷思锟斤拷锟絀(l锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷F(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰,锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰,锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟組(j锟斤拷n)锟斤拷思锟斤拷,锟斤拷a(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷原锟斤拷,思锟斤拷锟絕锟絚(di锟斤拷n),锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷同锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷之處,锟斤拷處锟节诧拷同锟紸锟轿碉拷锟紷些思锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷w锟斤拷锟斤拷,锟絭史锟斤拷锟矫猴拷影锟斤拷锟斤拷泻艽锟侥诧拷同.锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷一些锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟絭史锟铰硷拷锟組(j锟斤拷n)锟叫縱锟斤拷聯(li锟斤拷n)系,锟斤拷锟絕,锟絯锟絳,锟斤拷锟杰革拷锟矫碉拷锟斤拷锟秸歷史知锟絉,锟絁(r锟斤拷n)锟絉锟絭史锟絣(f锟斤拷)展規(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷,锟斤拷邔W(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)效锟斤拷.

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)注小锟斤拷,锟斤拷D锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟絥锟侥冿拷(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥科帮拷膶W(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷,锟侥高讹拷锟斤拷锟揭�锟斤拷锟斤拷呖锟�,注锟斤拷知锟絉锟斤拷系锟統(t锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷,锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷.小锟街和诧拷D锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥碉拷锟絘(b锟斤拷)锟斤拷,锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟絩(sh锟斤拷)要锟給锟杰結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷.锟斤拷锟教诧拷規(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟絥也要全锟斤拷锟剿斤拷,锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一些锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟铰癸拷(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷知锟絉锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟斤拷知锟絉锟絯系锟斤拷锟角诧拷锟缴猴拷锟皆碉拷.锟斤拷锟揭伙拷碌锟斤拷墓锟�(ji锟斤拷)——锟节教改革拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷英锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节教改革拷,锟节讹拷锟铰的第讹拷锟斤拷(ji锟斤拷)——锟絎锟睫封建锟斤拷锟揭的改革拷,锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(ji锟斤拷)——锟斤拷锟絎锟斤拷锟揭碉拷殖锟斤拷U(ku锟斤拷)锟斤拷,锟斤拷锟斤拷锟铰的第讹拷锟斤拷(ji锟斤拷)——19锟斤拷锟給(j锟斤拷)前锟节的歐锟睫猴拷1848锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�,锟斤拷锟紷些锟斤拷(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷也锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷,锟斤拷锟斤拷锟轿筹拷系锟統(t锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷知锟絉锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u).

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷注锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷史锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫囷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷史锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞凤拷锟揭伙拷锟斤拷锟�,锟节學(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞凤拷r(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟叫囷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷史锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)知锟絉聯(li锟斤拷n)系锟斤拷锟斤拷.锟斤拷W(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)"锟結锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫堬拷锟侥筹拷锟斤拷锟轿筹拷"锟斤拷"锟斤拷锟睫革拷锟斤拷锟絃(f锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷",锟酵匡拷锟斤拷聯(li锟斤拷n)系"锟絝片锟斤拷(zh锟斤拷n)锟斤拷"锟斤拷"太平锟斤拷锟斤拷\(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)",锟斤拷锟缴达拷锟絝片锟斤拷(zh锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟侥歷史锟斤拷锟斤拷,锟斤拷(zh锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟絘(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷影響猴拷太平锟斤拷锟斤拷\(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟侥碉拷位锟斤拷锟組(j锟斤拷n)一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿斤拷;锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)"锟絎锟睫的嗭拷锟斤拷锟絓(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)", 锟斤拷锟斤拷聯(li锟斤拷n)系"锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷"锟斤拷"锟斤拷锟侥伙拷锟絓(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)",锟絁(r锟斤拷n)锟絉锟斤拷锟斤拷锟結锟絘(ch锟斤拷n)锟紸锟斤拷思锟诫對锟叫囷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷影锟�;锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)"锟斤拷锟絀(y锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟結锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷(j锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷(j锟斤拷)锟侥發(f锟斤拷)展"锟斤拷锟斤拷聯(li锟斤拷n)系锟叫囷拷锟斤拷"锟斤拷锟�(w锟斤拷)锟絓(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)"锟斤拷"锟叫囷拷锟斤拷锟藉工锟絀(y锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絛锟斤拷",锟斤拷锟叫囷拷锟斤拷锟絀(y锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷,锟斤拷锟絀(y锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟侥歷锟教硷拷锟斤拷锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟組(j锟斤拷n)一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絁(r锟斤拷n)锟絉.

锟斤拷锟斤拷通锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷v史锟斤拷聯(li锟斤拷n)系,锟斤拷锟絕,锟饺匡拷锟斤拷锟截岋拷知锟絉锟斤拷,锟街匡拷锟皆硷拷锟劫岋拷锟叫囷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷史锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)知锟絉锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷,使锟斤拷锟斤拷v史锟轿筹拷锟叫機(j锟斤拷)锟侥結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟絔锟斤拷

       锟竭讹拷锟絭史锟斤拷(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絉锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟竭讹拷锟紸锟斤拷锟侥匡拷锟斤拷锟斤拷螌W(xu锟斤拷)锟矫歷史