锟竭匡拷?x锟斤拷)v史锟斤拷锟絣锟斤拷锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷萍锟斤拷锟剿�11锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷萍锟斤拷锟剿�11锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷1.牛锟紻锟斤拷(j锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟侥斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(bi锟斤拷o)志锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡學(xu锟斤拷)锟絯系锟斤拷锟轿筹拷锟斤拷锟狡勶拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷W(xu锟斤拷)锟侥發(f锟斤拷)展锟酵兩次科硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥筹拷锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷2.1859锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絖(d锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟侥的★拷锟斤拷N锟斤拷源锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟絕锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角诧拷锟斤拷锟組(j锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟侥ｏ拷锟斤拷锟芥競(j锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷(zh锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷然锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟秸憋拷規(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷3.锟斤拷锟斤拷锟組(j锟斤拷n)锟斤拷論锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷菍锟�(du锟斤拷)锟解建锟斤拷W(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷(chu锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟絝(shu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(zh锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟较碉拷锟斤拷锟剿碉拷锟斤拷話锟斤拷锟絖锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节斤拷锟斤拷W(xu锟斤拷)锟侥撅拷锟斤拷y(t锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷處锟节囷拷(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷危锟斤拷锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟节碉拷锟叫囷拷(gu锟斤拷)思锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟睫达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷4.锟斤拷锟斤拷(du锟斤拷)論锟斤拷锟剿斤拷(j锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟侥絕锟斤拷(du锟斤拷)锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷論锟斤拷锟斤拷示锟剿時(sh锟斤拷)锟秸的憋拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟皆ｏ拷锟絣(f锟斤拷)展锟斤拷牛锟紻锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷5.锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟侥勶拷(chu锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷示锟斤拷微锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷\(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)規(gu锟斤拷)锟缴ｏ拷使锟剿傦拷锟斤拷锟絁(r锟斤拷n)锟絉(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟诫到锟铰的層次猴拷锟絀(l锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷6.锟斤拷息锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷使锟斤拷锟斤拷_(k锟斤拷i)始锟組(j锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷息锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(hu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟狡勶拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷知锟絉(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷(j锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟轿成和發(f锟斤拷)展锟斤拷锟狡勶拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷類碉拷锟斤拷锟絘(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷思锟絊锟斤拷式锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟阶冿拷锟斤拷锟�

锟斤拷锟斤拷7.锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟侥學(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷突锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节撅拷锟斤拷類碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷通锟絕(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷涂鋸堬拷锟斤拷址锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷c(di锟斤拷n)锟絩锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷8.锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絰锟侥學(xu锟斤拷)(锟斤拷锟叫現(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絰锟侥學(xu锟斤拷))锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)注锟斤拷锟�(hu锟斤拷)锟斤拷(w锟斤拷n)锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(hu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟筋本锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷露锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(hu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤惡锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷9.锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟侥學(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟角硷拷锟叫憋拷锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟街凤拷锟斤拷锟絑(y锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絃(f锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟統(t锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷庭锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷10.锟铰囷拷(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷(l锟斤拷)锟斤拷貝锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟角烇拷W锟睫古碉拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷(l锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷(l锟斤拷)锟絕(gu锟斤拷)锟缴硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷膫锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷11.1895锟疥法锟斤拷(gu锟斤拷)锟絉锟阶帮拷锟斤拷锟街弟凤拷映锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接帮拷晒锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷(bi锟斤拷o)志锟斤拷锟接帮拷锟斤拷Q锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟絔锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絭史锟斤拷锟絣锟斤拷锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟絉锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷:锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥撅拷锟斤拷陌l(f锟斤拷)展

锟斤拷锟铰高匡拷锟結訊锟斤拷锟竭匡拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷前锟斤拷(zh锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷志愿锟斤拷锟�(b锟斤拷o)锟斤拷锟饺★拷锟�?j锟斤拷n)?sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟竭匡拷锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟絞锟斤拷锟斤拷全锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷(ji锟斤拷)锟絚(di锟斤拷n)

锟組锟斤拷"锟竭匡拷锟絎(w锟斤拷ng)"微锟脚癸拷锟斤拷號(h锟斤拷o)