锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟角匡拷却锟�锟斤拷知锟絉锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷诘锟揭伙拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷知锟絉锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟絔锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟轿癸拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷試之前锟絉锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絖锟斤拷锟角沒锟斤拷锟矫碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷?y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷_始锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟侥冿拷(n锟斤拷i)锟捷讹拷锟角猴拷锟斤拷锟铰癸拷(ji锟斤拷)锟侥伙拷锟紸(ch锟斤拷)锟斤拷前锟斤拷W(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷也锟酵學(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷尾锟斤拷軐锟斤拷锟斤拷W(xu锟斤拷)锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟絎(xu锟斤拷)什么锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷1锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷(ji锟斤拷)锟角筹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷械锟斤拷^锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷锟轿★拷锟节讹拷锟斤拷(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)計(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟节岋拷(sh锟斤拷)锟�(y锟斤拷n)锟叫的戯拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟矫★拷锟角憋拷锟铰碉拷锟斤拷锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟斤拷也锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紸锟斤拷計(j锟斤拷)锟姐部锟街的伙拷锟紸(ch锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟角猴拷锟斤拷锟皆從筹拷锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟皆侊拷锟斤拷锟統锟侥诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷太锟斤拷锟酵�锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟节此癸拷(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟侥达拷一锟疥不锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絏锟矫革拷锟叫伙拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟統锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷@锟斤拷(ji锟斤拷)锟絔锟叫學(xu锟斤拷)通锟斤拷锟皆猴拷锟接�(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絵锟酵讹拷锟絔锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟絀锟斤拷“锟藉個(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷”“锟侥傦拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷式”锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷記锟斤拷锟斤拷锟届練锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟矫ｏ拷锟斤拷锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟介：n=N/NA=m/M=V/Vm=cV锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷2锟斤拷锟节讹拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷(ji锟斤拷)锟絭锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节讹拷锟斤拷(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絰锟接凤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟酵碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷還原锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟角碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟铰的伙拷锟紸(ch锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷W(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷么锟节碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟铰撅拷锟絖始聽锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷也锟斤拷锟絖始锟紸锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷W(xu锟斤拷)锟侥匡拷锟剿★拷锟斤拷么锟斤拷谓锟絈锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节讹拷锟斤拷(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟接凤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟絀锟斤拷“锟斤拷”锟斤拷什么锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(qi锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(qi锟斤拷ng)锟紸锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷(qi锟斤拷ng)锟结都锟斤拷锟斤拷些锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷猓�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟结、锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷幔�锟斤拷锟斤拷(qi锟斤拷ng)锟紸锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷些锟斤拷锟斤拷}锟絚锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷鉀★拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷亩锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷些锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟结不锟斤拷锟斤拷石锟斤拷锟介不锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷記住锟斤拷锟紼锟斤拷锟斤拷失锟斤拷锟斤拷還原锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷還原锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟解：锟斤拷锟较價(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷→失锟斤拷锟�→锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷→锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)→锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絘(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷→锟斤拷還原锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷還原锟斤拷锟斤拷姚锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷也锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絝锟斤拷锟较價(ji锟斤拷)锟酵碉拷锟斤拷還原锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟较價(ji锟斤拷)锟竭碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷些锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟絀锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟姐不锟斤拷要知锟斤拷锟斤拷什么锟斤拷思锟斤拷還要锟斤拷锟矫滾锟较狅拷锟届，锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷記锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷3锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絕“锟矫凤拷锟斤拷式锟竭碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷锟铰的凤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷去锟斤拷記硬锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷h(yu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)該锟斤拷么锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷1.锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟较庯拷锟斤拷锟絕锟侥岋拷(sh锟斤拷)锟�(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟絭锟絕锟斤拷知锟絉锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷2.锟斤拷類匡拷锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絏锟侥冿拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷铱锟斤拷锟斤拷@么記锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絏锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絏锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絏锟斤拷锟结反锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)全锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絏锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷锟酵堿锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟絫全锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷偏锟絏锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭伙拷锟接涀★拷锟斤拷锟�(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷3.锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絖锟斤拷锟斤拷平锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷還原锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷平锟斤拷锟斤拷锟杰單硷拷锟斤拷只锟斤拷原锟斤拷锟截恒，锟斤拷锟角帮拷锟斤拷锟紷锟接碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟截猴拷→電猴拷锟截猴拷→原锟斤拷锟截猴拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷掳牍︼拷锟斤拷锟�

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷么锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟絁(r锟斤拷n)锟斤拷聽锟絭锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷同锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絥锟斤拷聽锟絭锟斤拷锟絥锟铰匡拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆學(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟紷锟絅锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絤锟较革拷锟叫伙拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟铰岋拷(sh锟斤拷)锟较ｏ拷知锟絉锟斤拷锟斤拷只锟斤拷锟結(ji锟斤拷)論锟斤拷锟斤拷效锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟斤拷锟较庯拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟絜锟斤拷锟斤拷恰锟斤拷锟斤拷處锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷o)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷芨锟斤拷艿锟斤拷锟斤拷膩锟斤拷锟饺ワ拷}锟斤拷也锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟矫凤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷視锟斤拷锟斤拷記锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界，锟斤拷锟紿要記住“锟斤拷失锟斤拷锟斤拷還原锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷還原锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟紷14锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷示锟侥猴拷锟絰锟酵戯拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟矫凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷視锟斤拷锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷通锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆忥拷(qi锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷知锟絉锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接涳拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆革拷锟矫的岋拷知锟絉锟組(j锟斤拷n)锟叫戯拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟矫★拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷思锟斤拷锟揭給锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷試锟斤拷r(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷(j锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟杰發(f锟斤拷)锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟絜(cu锟斤拷)锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷同一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷停锟揭诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷f锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜(cu锟斤拷)锟絕锟斤拷锟絵目锟斤拷锟斤拷透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆猴拷筒锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷e(cu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷同锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟芥對锟絜(cu锟斤拷)锟絵锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟节匡拷锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絜一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷同锟侥嗭拷锟絵锟斤拷锟皆革拷锟絕锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟絔锟斤拷

       锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絉锟斤拷

       锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷十锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟铰高匡拷锟結訊锟斤拷锟竭匡拷锟斤拷锟竭★拷锟斤拷前锟斤拷(zh锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷志愿锟斤拷锟�(b锟斤拷o)锟斤拷锟饺★拷锟�?j锟斤拷n)?sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟竭匡拷锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟絞锟斤拷锟斤拷全锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷(ji锟斤拷)锟絚(di锟斤拷n)

锟組锟斤拷"锟竭匡拷锟絎(w锟斤拷ng)"微锟脚癸拷锟斤拷號