锟斤拷锟斤拷锟竭匡拷锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)知锟絉(sh锟斤拷)锟絤然锟斤拷锟介，锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷s锟斤拷锟斤拷規(gu锟斤拷)锟缴匡拷循锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷些“锟斤拷規(gu锟斤拷)锟絫”锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿伙拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟統锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷元锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节憋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷透锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷元锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节憋拷锟角學(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷P(gu锟斤拷n)锟絀锟侥地凤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)元锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节憋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟侥岋拷(sh锟斤拷)锟�(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷論一锟斤拷要弄锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷元锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节憋拷锟杰夛拷锟斤拷锟絊锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界：锟絚锟斤拷鉀ｏ拷锟絍锟街別锟絚水锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟侥匡拷锟斤拷锟教度岋拷(sh锟斤拷)锟�(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟角斤拷锟斤拷锟皆忥拷(qi锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟侥猴拷锟斤拷锟结強(qi锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界：锟斤拷什么HF锟杰革拷锟絞锟斤拷锟斤拷SiO2锟斤拷锟斤拷HCl锟斤拷HBr锟斤拷HI锟饺诧拷锟杰ｏ拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷?y锟斤拷n)锟紽锟侥非斤拷锟斤拷锟皆忥拷(qi锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷O锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷Si-F锟絀锟斤拷Si-O锟絀锟絀锟杰达拷锟斤拷锟絀锟絃(zh锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絀锟斤拷锟斤拷(w锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷SiO2锟斤拷锟斤拷(w锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷SiF4锟斤拷锟缴的凤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟組(j锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷O锟侥非斤拷锟斤拷锟皆忥拷(qi锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷Cl锟斤拷Br锟斤拷I锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷蜌锟斤拷锟结都锟斤拷锟杰猴拷SiO2锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟秸伙拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟侥伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟絳锟斤拷锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟絵锟酵和斤拷锟絵思路锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟秸伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟筋，锟斤拷元锟截凤拷號(h锟斤拷o)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)式锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷锟皆硷拷元锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷|(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵锟絩(sh锟斤拷)要锟斤拷锟节歸锟絳锟斤拷锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟絵锟酵和斤拷锟絵思路锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷W(xu锟斤拷)锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟叫很忥拷(qi锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷規(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷些規(gu锟斤拷)锟缴撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷{锟絊知锟絉(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟界化锟较價(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷一锟斤拷規(gu锟斤拷)锟缴ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷元锟斤拷通锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷锟絩(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟角斤拷锟斤拷元锟斤拷通锟斤拷锟紷負(f锟斤拷)锟絩(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)元锟截的伙拷锟较價(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟姐，锟絊锟斤拷元锟斤拷锟斤拷變锟絩(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絣锟斤拷锟斤拷同锟絩(ji锟斤拷)锟紹(t锟斤拷i)锟斤拷同锟斤拷锟饺碉拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街�锟絉(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷一些锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟脚诧拷锟斤拷锟絓(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)規(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷電斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟絀锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接的匡拷锟絞锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)锟酵等讹拷锟角筹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街�锟絉(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭傦拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟饺岋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟襟化ｏ拷模锟酵伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷探討锟戒實(sh锟斤拷)锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷只锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿的東锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷痰锟接涳拷锟�锟斤拷锟节學(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡學(xu锟斤拷)锟截帮拷一些锟斤拷锟筋、锟斤拷論锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆庯拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接涳拷锟叫э拷锟斤拷锟�

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(qi锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟街�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭傦拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞�锟斤拷锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)锟斤拷锟斤拷(ji锟斤拷n)锟斤拷式锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟节岋拷(du锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絅锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟組(j锟斤拷n)锟叫凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絃試锟斤拷锟斤拷規(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟角筹拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角岋拷(du锟斤拷)锟叫機(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟揭傦拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞�锟斤拷锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)锟斤拷锟斤拷(ji锟斤拷n)锟斤拷式锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟节岋拷(du锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絅锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟組(j锟斤拷n)锟叫凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絃試锟斤拷锟斤拷規(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷也锟斤拷锟叫機(j锟斤拷)锟狡旓拷锟絵锟侥伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷F(xi锟斤拷n)锟节诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟秸機(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷只要锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)規(gu锟斤拷)锟缴撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷却锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷H3C—H+Cl—Cl=锟斤拷=H3C—Cl+H—Cl锟斤拷锟揭傦拷锟斤拷全锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絏锟絘(b锟斤拷)一只锟斤拷抓住锟斤拷“H+Cl”锟斤拷然锟斤拷锟紻(zhu锟斤拷n)180°锟斤拷锟劫ｏ拷變锟斤拷“Cl+H”锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭傦拷锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)“锟轿戯拷規(gu锟斤拷)锟絫”锟斤拷锟斤拷“取锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)”锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷視锟斤拷效思锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷效思锟斤拷锟节革拷锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟叫讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟斤拷效思锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷同锟街�锟斤拷锟�(g锟斤拷u)锟絯锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟絀锟斤拷锟紼锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)然前锟阶诧拷锟斤拷锟姐不飽和讹拷锟斤拷锟絰母锟絯锟斤拷锟揭筹拷锟絪原锟接伙拷锟斤拷F(tu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷然锟襟并诧拷锟斤拷锟絪锟統锟給锟铰碉拷锟斤拷锟叫組锟较★拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絪原锟接分烇拷锟筋悾锟揭伙拷r(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷類ｏ拷-Cl锟斤拷-R锟斤拷-OH锟饺ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絩(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷類ｏ拷-O-锟斤拷-CH2-锟斤拷-COO-锟饺ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絩(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷類ｏ拷锟斤拷原锟接ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(du锟斤拷)锟斤拷一锟絩(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷母锟絯锟斤拷锟揭碉拷效锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫幾種取锟斤拷锟斤拷效锟斤拷姆锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷袔追N锟斤拷锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷(du锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絩(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷母锟絯锟斤拷锟揭碉拷效锟絀锟斤拷锟叫幾種锟斤拷锟诫方式锟斤拷锟叫幾種锟斤拷锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)锟絯锟斤拷注锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絀锟紷锟接的讹拷锟絩(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷头锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷(du锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絩(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絩(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟戒實(sh锟斤拷)锟角岋拷锟絋锟矫來對(du锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟紹锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)取锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷原锟接的★拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭癸拷锟斤拷锟組(j锟斤拷n)锟斤拷類憋拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷記硬锟斤拷锟侥學(xu锟斤拷)锟狡ｏ拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷锟解）锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟絋锟斤拷規(gu锟斤拷)锟缴匡拷循锟侥學(xu锟斤拷)锟狡★拷锟斤拷锟斤拷“锟組锟絬锟斤拷”锟紷锟絅锟斤拷锟斤拷臇|锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角伙拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟絚锟絬锟截極锟斤拷锟斤拷疲锟斤拷e锟斤拷锟斤拷(CN)2锟斤拷H2O2锟斤拷NO2锟斤拷N2O4锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟秸憋拷锟絕锟斤拷(qi锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟叫匡拷锟斤拷锟界化锟斤拷锟斤拷丝锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街�(CN)2+H2O←=→HCN+HOCN锟紷锟接的凤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟酵碉拷锟斤拷元锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷同锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷同锟斤拷锟斤拷f變锟斤拷值锟矫匡拷锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界含锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷浴锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷c還原锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷NaOH锟絚Al锟侥凤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷同锟接匡拷锟斤拷锟狡廣锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷元锟斤拷锟斤拷2NaOH+2B+2H2O=锟斤拷=3H2↑+2“NaBO2”锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷“偏锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚”锟斤拷锟絚偏锟絏锟斤拷锟絚一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟较讹拷锟斤拷[M(OH)4]-锟斤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷還锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(du锟斤拷)锟斤拷(du锟斤拷)锟角撅拷規(gu锟斤拷)锟絫Li~Mg锟斤拷Be~Al锟斤拷B~Si锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆匡拷锟斤拷锟狡測(c锟斤拷)锟斤拷Li锟节空氾拷锟斤拷燃锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤，Be锟絚Si同锟接匡拷锟皆革拷NaOH锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟缴氾拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷之锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟竭�锟斤拷锟皆岋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟截�(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷同锟絚锟斤拷同锟斤拷一锟铰憋拷锟絕锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷注锟解審锟絵锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷1.锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵目锟斤拷锟斤拷蛯锟�(du锟斤拷)锟节斤拷锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷要锟侥ｏ拷锟斤拷同锟斤拷偷锟斤拷}目處锟斤拷锟侥凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷思路锟斤拷太一锟斤拷锟斤拷只锟叫岋拷锟斤拷锟絵目锟斤拷筒锟斤拷馨锟斤拷蘸锟斤拷锟斤拷慕锟斤拷}思路處锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷2.锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟絀锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟絀锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角斤拷锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵锟侥猴拷锟斤拷锟斤拷息锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟絀锟街匡拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷也锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节嗭拷锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟絀锟街讹拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟侥ｏ拷也锟叫匡拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟給锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷見锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟絵锟叫碉拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟絀锟斤拷锟斤拷“锟絕锟斤拷”锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟斤拷“锟給色”锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷(锟紸锟斤拷)”锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷”“锟絃(zh锟斤拷ng)锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟絞”锟斤拷“小锟侥加燂拷”“锟接熱并锟狡燂拷”“锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷水”锟饺ｏ拷锟斤拷(du锟斤拷)同锟街�锟斤拷锟�(g锟斤拷u)锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡條锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)該注锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界：锟斤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷C8H8O2锟斤拷锟叫憋拷锟絟(hu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟叫兩傦拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷(du锟斤拷)位取锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥�锟斤拷锟�(g锟斤拷u)锟絯“锟斤拷锟叫憋拷锟絟(hu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟叫兩傦拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷(du锟斤拷)位取锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟絀锟街★拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷3.锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絖(d锟斤拷)要锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界：锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷式”锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟绞�”锟斤拷“锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)锟斤拷(ji锟斤拷n)式”锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟絈”锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷式”锟斤拷“锟絰锟接凤拷锟斤拷式”锟斤拷“锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絖(d锟斤拷)式”锟斤拷“锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷”锟斤拷“目锟斤拷”锟斤拷锟紷些锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷視锟斤拷锟紹(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟矫的岋拷锟絵锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟絋锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�”锟斤拷傻牟锟斤拷锟揭�锟斤拷失锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷4.锟斤拷?f锟斤拷)锟斤拷瓶?br />
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷見锟侥斤拷锟絵突锟狡匡拷锟叫ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷Y(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷幕锟斤拷W(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷|(zh锟斤拷)(锟缴�锟斤拷锟斤拷B(t锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟斤拷味)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟解反锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷式锟斤拷锟叫催伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟侥無锟紺(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟矫旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟狡旓拷锟斤拷锟斤拷D锟狡旓拷锟斤拷锟截忥拷(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟饺碉拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷5.锟斤拷锟斤拷效锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟绞癸拷脙x锟斤拷锟侥撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫盤锟斤拷平(0.1g)锟斤拷锟斤拷筒(≥0.1mL)锟斤拷锟轿讹拷锟斤拷(0.01mL)锟斤拷pH試锟斤拷(锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷))锟饺★拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷試锟絵锟斤拷锟給锟侥旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷處锟斤拷,锟斤拷锟斤拷“锟絈取锟斤拷品4.80g……”锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(j锟斤拷)試锟絵锟斤拷锟給锟斤拷效锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟組(j锟斤拷n)锟叫猴拷锟斤拷锟斤拷計(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷效锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵目锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絖要锟斤拷,锟斤拷锟界：“锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟轿伙拷锟叫э拷锟�(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷”锟斤拷锟酵帮拷锟斤拷試锟絵锟斤拷要锟斤拷去锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿★拷锟斤拷锟絖锟竭匡拷锟絬(p锟斤拷ng)锟街碉拷要锟斤拷之锟絬(p锟斤拷ng)锟街時(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷(ji锟斤拷n)锟街碉拷原锟絫

锟斤拷锟斤拷1锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟叫筹拷锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟絜(cu锟斤拷)锟絜锟街ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街ｏ拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟秸橈拷(bi锟斤拷o)锟斤拷(zh锟斤拷n)锟桔凤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界：锟竭伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接成凤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷脂锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷石锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷瓶锟斤拷锟斤拷澹�锟絈锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷鹊锟�锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷2锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷锟絰锟接凤拷锟斤拷式未锟斤拷平锟斤拷锟絣锟斤拷锟絜(cu锟斤拷)锟絗锟斤拷全锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟給锟街ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷系锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟叫憋拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷小锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷?j锟斤拷n)?sh锟斤拷)锟饺撅拷視锟介不規(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟給锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界：“锟斤拷”锟斤拷“↑”锟斤拷“↓”锟斤拷“→”锟斤拷“”锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟絣锟斤拷锟饺撅拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟絖使锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷3锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角憋拷e锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟皆烇拷“0”锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆达拷锟絵锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟街诧拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷漂锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟饺诧拷锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷锟绞草ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷要十锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节憋拷锟絁(r锟斤拷n)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫兩種锟斤拷r锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟角學(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟睫改答案時(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟侥勶拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(ji锟斤拷n)锟絈锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷A锟侥筹拷B锟斤拷锟斤拷B锟街改筹拷D锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絞锟睫改诧拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟統锟皆憋拷锟絁(r锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷遣锟斤拷懦锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟酵讹拷C(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷讓锟絬(p锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟较庯拷去锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷些锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絖始锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷}锟斤拷锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絔锟叫帮拷锟秸ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟経锟絇锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷锟絔锟斤拷锟矫猴拷锟街筆锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷譀]锟斤拷锟斤拷0.5mm锟斤拷色锟斤拷锟街筆圈锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷r(sh锟斤拷)锟紻锟今不夛拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷卮锟绞э拷锟�锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷4.锟斤拷锟絜(cu锟斤拷)位锟矫伙拷锟斤拷}锟斤拷锟斤拷試锟斤拷锟斤拷試锟絵锟斤拷锟皆橈拷(bi锟斤拷o)锟斤拷锟侥勶拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟睫★拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷每锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷小锟絵之锟絞锟斤拷要锟斤拷(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟截革拷锟皆的界線锟斤拷锟皆凤拷止锟斤拷試锟絵锟斤拷锟节測(c锟斤拷)試锟斤拷(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟絕锟洁，锟斤拷锟絬(p锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷r(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫革拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷纱锟斤拷}锟斤拷(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟铰诧拷锟斤拷邊锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷缺失锟斤拷試锟斤拷锟较讹拷處锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷锟斤拷示锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絊越锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷5.“锟阶硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷”原锟絫锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷試锟斤拷锟较岋拷锟剿的撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絔锟叫岋拷锟侥就沒锟叫★拷只锟斤拷锟絁(r锟斤拷n)試锟斤拷锟较的白硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絖(d锟斤拷)锟侥冿拷(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟结供锟斤拷锟斤拷息锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷平锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絬(p锟斤拷ng)锟街★拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷6.“見锟秸給锟斤拷”原锟絫锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紹锟絤(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿憋拷锟节诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷通锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷“锟斤拷(d锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紹”锟斤拷原锟絫锟斤拷锟斤拷前锟斤拷一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟金案碉拷锟斤拷锟絖锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷影響猴拷锟斤拷鸢傅慕o锟街ｏ拷同锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷前锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絖锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜(cu锟斤拷)锟絗锟斤拷也锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紼锟秸樣給锟街ｏ拷锟絤然锟剿凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷讓某些锟斤拷占锟剿憋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷也锟斤拷锟斤拷冤锟斤拷一些锟剿ｏ拷锟斤拷锟揭憋拷锟节诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟脚★拷锟斤拷锟絖锟竭匡拷锟絬(p锟斤拷ng)锟街碉拷要锟斤拷之锟絬(p锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟叫碉拷锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)規(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟侥嗭拷锟絵

锟斤拷锟斤拷1.锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)式锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絟(hu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟絧锟絀锟斤拷锟饺伙拷锟斤拷醛锟斤拷锟饺撅拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟教材碉拷規(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷要锟斤拷規(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絊锟斤拷锟斤拷軋F(tu锟斤拷n)锟紹锟斤拷鏈碉拷锟斤拷邊锟斤拷锟斤拷邊锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界：锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷O2N--NO2锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷H2N--NH2锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絬锟斤拷锟斤拷HO--OH锟斤拷锟斤拷锟饺伙拷(HOOC--COOH)锟斤拷醛锟斤拷(OHC--CHO)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷規(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絫一锟缴扣凤拷锟斤拷锟叫時(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷“0”锟街★拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷2.锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絑(y锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷_使锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷袡C(j锟斤拷)锟絵锟叫癸拷锟杰團(tu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟絈锟絚锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)锟斤拷(ji锟斤拷n)式锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)式锟斤拷锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)式锟斤拷锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)锟斤拷(ji锟斤拷n)式锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷c锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷锟杰伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷小锟斤拷锟接诧拷锟斤拷漏锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷^锟絵锟斤拷注锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�“锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷式”锟斤拷“锟絰锟接凤拷锟斤拷式”锟斤拷“電極锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)式”锟斤拷“電解反锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)式”锟斤拷“水锟解方锟斤拷式”锟斤拷“锟斤拷x锟斤拷锟斤拷式”锟斤拷“锟结化锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷式”锟饺ｏ拷

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟絵锟斤拷一锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷挪锟绞�”锟斤拷“锟絩(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷挪锟绞�”锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟脚诧拷式”锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟紹(t锟斤拷i)原锟斤拷”锟斤拷“锟絰锟斤拷”锟斤拷要锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷3.元锟截凤拷號(h锟斤拷o)锟侥曪拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷要規(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷該锟襟寫碉拷要锟斤拷锟斤拷該小锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷要小锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷Mn锟斤拷Mg锟斤拷Al锟斤拷As锟斤拷Fe锟饺ｏ拷一锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟教材碉拷要锟斤拷規(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷Na锟酵诧拷锟杰岋拷锟斤拷na锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷4.锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷锟斤拷膯锟斤拷}

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷式要锟襟反戯拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤、锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)計(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟絣锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟侥凤拷號(h锟斤拷o)锟斤拷锟斤拷全锟斤拷锟絖锟斤拷缺一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)之锟絞锟侥伙拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)計(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷全锟斤拷锟絖锟斤拷锟结化锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷式锟侥曪拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷(bi锟斤拷o)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟侥聚硷拷锟斤拷B(t锟斤拷i)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷5.計(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絵

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷母锟斤拷示锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫凤拷式锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角凤拷锟斤拷還锟角凤拷母锟斤拷只要锟斤拷锟斤拷母锟斤拷樱锟斤拷纾╝+b锟斤拷/c锟斤拷锟絫“a+b”一锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟斤拷號(h锟斤拷o)锟斤拷锟缴ｏ拷a+b锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷t锟斤拷(hu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节嗭拷位锟斤拷锟斤拷些锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟叫沒锟叫嗭拷位一锟斤拷要锟桔分ｏ拷锟斤拷位锟斤拷規(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷也锟斤拷(hu锟斤拷)锟桔凤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟接�(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷式锟�锟斤拷F(xi锟斤拷n)锟节匡拷試锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷锟叫忥拷(f锟斤拷)锟絪锟斤拷計(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷]锟叫★拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟阶�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷}目锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷盏锟斤拷锟绞斤拷锟斤拷F(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟絫锟节达拷锟絵锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絫一锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷計(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷式锟斤拷锟斤拷H锟叫达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絔锟斤拷計(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷式锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絫锟斤拷0锟斤拷計(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷計(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷式锟斤拷锟杰僅锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷墓锟绞�锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟絚試锟絵锟侥撅拷锟絯锟絣锟斤拷锟斤拷聯(li锟斤拷n)系锟斤拷锟斤拷H锟斤拷一锟斤拷墓锟绞斤拷锟斤拷c試锟絵锟侥撅拷锟絯锟絣锟斤拷缺锟斤拷聯(li锟斤拷n)系锟侥ｏ拷锟絫锟斤拷锟給锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷詳锟�(sh锟斤拷)锟街憋拷示锟斤拷計(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷Y(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥诧拷锟紼計(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟矫結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷只要锟角猴拷锟斤拷锟侥ｏ拷锟絫锟給锟組锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥ｏ拷锟絫锟斤拷0锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷十锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫伙拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟�(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟街憋拷锟絖(d锟斤拷)锟絯锟絳

锟斤拷锟斤拷1.锟統(c锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷液pH锟侥诧拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟矫诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷沾取锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟統(c锟斤拷)液锟斤拷pH試锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟劫和橈拷(bi锟斤拷o)锟斤拷(zh锟斤拷n)锟斤拷色锟斤拷锟斤拷(du锟斤拷)锟秸ｏ拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷(du锟斤拷)锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷pH锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷2.锟叫機(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟�(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟絃(zh锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷(d锟斤拷o)锟杰碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷o)锟解（平锟斤拷锟�(n锟斤拷i)锟解壓锟斤拷(qi锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷3.锟紺锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷全锟侥诧拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷SO42-锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟叫硷拷BaCl2锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷C锟斤拷SO42-锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷全锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟給锟矫ｏ拷取锟较岋拷锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟劫滴硷拷BaCl2锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷锟巾劑锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟給锟斤拷色锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絝锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟窖斤拷(j锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷全锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷4.洗锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絪水锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷注锟诫到锟絕锟絍锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絔锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟給锟斤拷锟斤拷使锟斤拷锟絪水锟絍锟斤拷锟斤拷锟截忥拷(f锟斤拷)2锟斤拷3锟轿硷拷锟缴★拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷5.锟斤拷锟斤拷袛锟斤拷锟斤拷洗锟斤拷锟侥凤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷取锟斤拷锟揭伙拷锟较达拷锟揭�锟斤拷锟轿加ｏ拷試锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絔锟叫ｏ拷锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟襟）ｏ拷锟紺锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟窖斤拷(j锟斤拷ng)洗锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷6.锟斤拷色锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟侥诧拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟饺岋拷锟終锟絲沾锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟节酒撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡燂拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(f锟斤拷)锟阶次ｏ拷直锟斤拷锟絚锟狡撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴�锟接斤拷锟斤拷止锟斤拷然锟斤拷锟斤拷锟終锟絲锟斤拷锟矫濓拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟終锟絲锟斤拷沾取锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟統(c锟斤拷)液锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡燂拷锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷色锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷S色锟斤拷锟絫锟絝锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟叫猴拷Na锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷透锟絕锟絳(l锟斤拷n)色鈷诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷色锟斤拷锟絫锟絝锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟叫猴拷K锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷7.锟斤拷取锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟絔锟斤拷液漏锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭猴拷锟斤拷锟斤拷液漏锟斤拷锟叫ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞�锟斤拷锟給锟矫★拷锟街岋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷漏锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭伙拷锟�(g锟斤拷)小锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絖锟斤拷液漏锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷使锟铰岋拷液锟絯锟斤拷锟铰匡拷锟斤拷?z锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷拢锟斤拷蠈锟揭猴拷w锟斤拷锟较口碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷8.锟斤拷A锟叫和滴讹拷锟終锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟叫旓拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界強(qi锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷味锟斤拷锟�(qi锟斤拷ng)锟紸锟斤拷锟矫凤拷酞锟斤拷指示锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟揭伙拷锟斤拷锟轿碉拷锟紽锟斤拷瓶锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟缴紅色變?y锟斤拷u)锟給色锟斤拷锟揭帮拷锟界妰锟�(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷變色锟斤拷锟斤拷K锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷9.锟絙锟矫氾拷锟斤拷锟皆檢锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷1锟斤拷锟斤拷(ji锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟絙锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷o)锟斤拷锟揭伙拷朔锟斤拷锟剿�锟叫ｏ拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷w锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街加燂拷試锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絕锟届導(d锟斤拷o)锟杰匡拷锟叫氾拷锟斤拷冒锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷s锟斤拷锟揭溫后，岋拷(d锟斤拷o)锟杰匡拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絙锟矫氾拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷2锟斤拷锟叫凤拷液漏锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絙锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷止水锟紸锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟絔锟斤拷瓶锟揭傦拷(c锟斤拷)锟侥岋拷(d锟斤拷o)锟斤拷埽锟斤拷锟斤拷_锟斤拷液漏锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷液漏锟斤拷锟叫硷拷水锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟斤拷漏锟斤拷锟叫碉拷水锟斤拷锟斤拷(hu锟斤拷)锟劫碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絫锟絙锟矫氾拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟矫★拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷10.锟斤拷锟斤拷瓶锟絲漏锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷瓶?j锟斤拷)?n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷瓶锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷食指锟斤拷住瓶锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一只锟斤拷锟斤拷住瓶锟阶ｏ拷锟斤拷瓶锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷瓶锟斤拷锟杰囷拷锟叫無水漏锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟铰┧�锟斤拷锟斤拷瓶锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷瓶锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紻(zhu锟斤拷n)180锟饺猴拷锟斤拷锟給锟斤拷锟皆帮拷瓶锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟劫檢锟斤拷锟角凤拷漏水锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷圆锟铰┧�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷使锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷11.锟斤拷锟絯锟�(y锟斤拷n)锟組锟酵檢锟�(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷1锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(y锟斤拷n)锟組锟斤拷锟矫庯拷锟斤拷锟角碉拷木锟絣锟斤拷锟节硷拷锟斤拷瓶锟节ｏ拷木锟絣锟斤拷(f锟斤拷)燃锟斤拷锟絝锟斤拷锟秸硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟窖滿锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷2锟斤拷锟斤拷燃锟皆氾拷锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟解）锟斤拷锟�(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟秸硷拷一小試锟杰的氾拷锟絯锟斤拷锟矫达拷拇指锟斤拷住锟杰匡拷锟狡斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷聽锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絁锟侥憋拷锟絈聲锟斤拷锟絫锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷聽锟斤拷锟絧微锟斤拷“锟斤拷”锟斤拷一聲锟斤拷锟絫锟斤拷锟絯锟窖硷拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟�3锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷碳锟�(y锟斤拷n)锟組锟斤拷锟斤拷燃锟斤拷锟斤拷木锟絣平锟斤拷锟节硷拷锟斤拷瓶锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷熄锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絫锟斤拷锟絯锟窖滿锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟�4锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(y锟斤拷n)锟組锟斤拷锟矫濓拷(r锟斤拷n)锟侥紅色石锟斤拷試锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节硷拷锟斤拷瓶锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷試锟斤拷變锟絳(l锟斤拷n)锟絝锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟窖滿锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟�5锟斤拷锟饺氾拷锟�(y锟斤拷n)锟組锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(r锟斤拷n)锟侥碉拷锟桔碘化锟皆囷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷诩锟斤拷锟狡匡拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷試锟斤拷變锟絳(l锟斤拷n)锟絝锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟窖滿锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷12.锟斤拷H2SO4稀釋ｏ拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟斤拷希锟揭猴拷w锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷H2SO4锟斤拷?z锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷诰锟斤拷锟阶�锟斤拷水锟叫ｏ拷锟揭达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟结）锟叫ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷?br />
锟斤拷锟斤拷13.锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷洗锟斤拷锟侥橈拷(bi锟斤拷o)锟斤拷(zh锟斤拷n)

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟饺诧拷锟桔筹拷水锟斤拷锟斤拷也锟斤拷锟缴癸拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷14.锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紽锟絲锟絯锟斤拷锟狡傦拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷械锟斤拷锟斤拷s水锟斤拷锟斤拷蔚渭锟斤柡偷锟紽eCl3锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷液變锟絫锟斤拷色锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷停止锟接燂拷锟斤拷
 

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟絔锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟竭匡拷锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫伙拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷指锟斤拷(d锟斤拷o)

锟斤拷锟铰高匡拷锟結訊锟斤拷锟竭匡拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷前锟斤拷(zh锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷志愿锟斤拷锟�(b锟斤拷o)锟斤拷锟饺★拷锟�?j锟斤拷n)?sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟竭匡拷锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟絞锟斤拷锟斤拷全锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷(ji锟斤拷)锟絚(di锟斤拷n)

锟組锟斤拷"锟竭匡拷锟絎(w锟斤拷ng)"微锟脚癸拷锟斤拷號(h锟斤拷o)