锟斤拷锟斤拷英锟絑锟剿达拷锟絑锟斤拷锟斤拷锟結(ji锟斤拷)

锟斤拷锟斤拷英锟絑锟絑锟斤拷锟芥及锟斤拷英锟絑锟絵锟酵的革拷锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥诧拷锟斤拷锟桔碉拷锟絰锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷失锟街囷拷(y锟斤拷n)锟截碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟絖英锟絑锟絑锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷小锟斤拷锟給锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷母锟斤拷锟接�锟絑锟剿达拷锟絑锟斤拷锟斤拷锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟紿锟斤拷锟斤拷覅锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷

1锟斤拷when锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟絞锟斤拷锟絑

注锟解：It/Ihis/That + be + the first/ second/ last time that… 只锟斤拷锟斤拷that,that锟斤拷锟斤拷省锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷蓵r(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷

2锟斤拷where 锟斤拷锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟絑

注锟解：锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷模锟斤拷锟侥碉拷锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷point. Situation, case, position, stage, scene, spot, activity, family, job锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷where.

3锟斤拷why 原锟斤拷锟斤拷Z 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷reason锟斤拷

1锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)系锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷锟侥撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷Z锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟侥撅拷锟斤拷锟絕锟絑锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟絶锟斤拷锟剿稱锟酵旓拷(sh锟斤拷)要锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟角撅拷锟接時(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟侥撅拷锟斤拷^锟絑锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟絶锟矫單旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷式锟斤拷

2锟斤拷“one of+锟斤拷(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絶”位锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)系锟斤拷锟絶前锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)系锟斤拷锟絶锟节從撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絑锟斤拷锟侥撅拷膭锟�(d锟斤拷ng)锟絶通锟斤拷锟矫忥拷(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)one前锟斤拷the,the only,the very锟斤拷锟斤拷飾時(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟侥撅拷锟斤拷^锟絑锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟絶要锟矫單旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷

1锟斤拷when锟斤拷锟矫凤拷

(1)when锟饺匡拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷o)一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絤(x锟斤拷)锟皆勶拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷也锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷o)一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟教曪拷锟皆勶拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节憋拷示锟斤拷锟斤拷蛷木锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷同锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷木锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫時(sh锟斤拷)還锟缴憋拷示锟侥撅拷锟�(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�“锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷”锟斤拷

(2)when锟斤拷be about to do锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷when锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷be doing锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷when锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷had done锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷when锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷be on one’s way锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷when锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷be on the point of doing锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷when锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟饺結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷“锟角時(sh锟斤拷)突然”锟絭锟斤拷

(3)when “锟斤拷然锟斤拷锟絙锟斤拷;锟組锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絤然(位锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷之锟斤拷);锟斤拷锟�”

2锟斤拷while锟斤拷锟矫凤拷

(1)锟斤拷示“锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷”锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷o)锟侥勶拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷m(x锟斤拷)锟皆碉拷锟斤拷

(2)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紹锟絶锟斤拷锟斤拷示锟斤拷锟斤拷(du锟斤拷)锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)系“然锟斤拷”锟斤拷

(3)锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷o)讓锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絑锟侥撅拷锟斤拷锟洁當(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷although,锟斤拷锟�“锟絤然”锟斤拷位锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷前锟斤拷

(4)锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷o)锟絣锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絑锟侥撅拷锟斤拷锟洁當(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷as/so long as锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�“只要”锟斤拷

3锟斤拷as 锟斤拷锟矫凤拷

(1)锟斤拷示“锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷”锟斤拷锟斤拷(qi锟斤拷ng)锟絳(di锟斤拷o)同锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷指锟饺猴拷锟斤拷

(2)锟絝锟斤拷锟缴種锟斤拷锟节發(f锟斤拷)展锟斤拷變锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷r锟斤拷锟斤拷示“锟絊锟斤拷”锟斤拷锟斤拷示锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟絞锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡★拷

(3)锟斤拷示“一邊锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一邊锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟斤拷

(4)锟斤拷(qi锟斤拷ng)锟絳(di锟斤拷o)锟缴傦拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟給锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷

(5)锟斤拷示“锟絤然锟斤拷锟組锟斤拷”锟斤拷

(6)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰“锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷?y锟斤拷n)?rdquo;锟斤拷

4锟斤拷before锟斤拷锟矫凤拷

(1)一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�“锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷之前”“锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷”“還锟絔锟叫★拷锟斤拷锟斤拷”“锟斤拷锟�”“锟斤拷知锟斤拷锟絏”“锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷愿”锟斤拷“锟斤拷t锟斤拷要锟斤拷然”锟斤拷

(2)It + will be/was + 锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟絞锟斤拷+before+一锟斤拷F(xi锟斤拷n)锟节時(sh锟斤拷)/一锟斤拷锟絕去锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟节肯讹拷锟斤拷锟叫ｏ拷锟斤拷锟�“锟斤拷锟絃(zh锟斤拷ng)锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟絞之锟斤拷锟�”;锟节否定撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�“锟矫诧拷锟剿讹拷锟絃(zh锟斤拷ng)锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟絞锟斤拷”锟斤拷

5锟斤拷until锟斤拷till

(1)锟絚锟较讹拷锟斤拷锟紹锟矫ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷m(x锟斤拷)锟皆勶拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟絶锟斤拷

(2)锟絚锟今定撅拷锟紹锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷欠锟斤拷锟斤拷m(x锟斤拷)锟皆勶拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟絶锟斤拷锟斤拷示“直锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节★拷锟斤拷锟斤拷之前锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟斤拷

注锟解：not until锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节忥拷(qi锟斤拷ng)锟絳(di锟斤拷o)锟斤拷偷锟斤拷b锟斤拷

锟斤拷(qi锟斤拷ng)锟絳(di锟斤拷o)锟戒：It is/was not until…that…锟斤拷锟絙锟戒：not until 锟脚撅拷锟阶時(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟街碉拷锟絙锟斤拷

6锟斤拷since锟斤拷锟矫凤拷

(1)since锟斤拷锟角凤拷锟斤拷锟絤(x锟斤拷)锟皆勶拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟絶锟斤拷锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟絞锟斤拷锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟斤拷該锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�“锟斤拷某锟铰讹拷锟斤拷锟�”;since锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絤(x锟斤拷)锟皆勶拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟絶锟斤拷锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟絞锟斤拷锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟斤拷該锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�“锟斤拷锟斤拷某锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫讹拷锟絃(zh锟斤拷ng)锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟絞”锟斤拷

(2)It is/has been +锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟絞锟斤拷+since+一锟斤拷锟絕去锟絩(sh锟斤拷)

7锟斤拷锟斤拷示“一......锟斤拷......”锟侥撅拷锟斤拷

(1)as soon as, once,immediately,directly,instantly,the moment,the minute锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷o)锟侥從句都锟斤拷示锟侥撅拷膭锟�(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷一锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷膭锟�(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟絊锟斤拷锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絞锟斤拷“一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟斤拷锟紷類從撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(j锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷F(xi锟斤拷n)锟节時(sh锟斤拷)锟紹(t锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟芥將锟斤拷r(sh锟斤拷)锟紹(t锟斤拷i)锟斤拷

(2)on doing sth.锟斤拷“on one’s+锟斤拷锟絶”锟斤拷锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟絞锟斤拷锟絑锟斤拷

8锟斤拷锟斤拷些锟斤拷锟絶锟酵革拷锟絶锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紹锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷o)锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟絞锟斤拷锟絑锟侥撅拷锟斤拷

注锟解：锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟絞锟斤拷锟絑锟侥撅拷锟叫诧拷锟矫岋拷锟斤拷r(sh锟斤拷)锟紹(t锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷示锟斤拷锟斤拷r(sh锟斤拷)锟絞锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷F(xi锟斤拷n)锟节時(sh锟斤拷)锟紹(t锟斤拷i)锟斤拷示锟斤拷锟斤拷when锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷o)锟斤拷锟絶锟皆從撅拷r(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟侥撅拷锟斤拷要使锟矫岋拷锟斤拷r(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷

1锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟絑锟侥撅拷锟斤拷where,wherever锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷o)锟斤拷

注锟解：where锟絚where锟侥區(q锟斤拷)锟絜锟斤拷Where锟斤拷锟截讹拷锟侥碉拷锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷wherever锟斤拷示锟斤拷锟截讹拷锟侥碉拷锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟斤拷

Wherever=to/at any place where

2锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟絑锟侥撅拷锟絚锟斤拷锟絑锟侥撅拷膮^(q锟斤拷)锟絜

Where锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷o)锟斤拷锟絑锟侥撅拷r(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟侥撅拷前锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷示锟斤拷锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶;锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絑锟侥撅拷前锟絫锟給锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷o)锟絶锟斤拷so...that(锟斤拷恕锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷)锟斤拷such...that(锟斤拷恕锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷)锟斤拷so that(锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷)锟斤拷with the result that(锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷)

注锟解：(1)so...that锟絚such...that锟侥區(q锟斤拷)锟絜

So+锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶such+a/an+锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶+锟轿旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絶

So+锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶+a/an+锟轿旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絶such+锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶+锟斤拷(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絶

So+锟斤拷锟絶such+锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶+锟斤拷锟缴旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絶

So many/few+锟斤拷(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絶

So much/little+锟斤拷锟缴旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絶

(2)so that锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷o)锟斤拷目锟侥狅拷锟絑锟侥撅拷锟絚so that 锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷o)锟侥結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絑锟侥撅拷

目锟侥狅拷锟絑锟侥撅拷一锟斤拷使锟斤拷锟斤拷B(t锟斤拷i)锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟絶锟斤拷锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絑锟侥撅拷一锟姐不使锟斤拷锟斤拷B(t锟斤拷i)锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟絶;

锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絑锟侥句常锟斤拷锟矫讹拷號(h锟斤拷o)锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷_锟斤拷

(3)so...that锟絚so...as;such...that锟絚such...as

So...that/such...that锟斤拷Y(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絑锟侥撅拷;so...as/such...as锟介定锟絑锟侥撅拷锟斤拷

1锟斤拷.锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷 all , much, everything, nothing , something ,anything, nothing, none, the one锟饺诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟絩(sh锟斤拷)

2锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷only, any, few, little, no , all, just , very ,right锟斤拷锟斤拷飾時(sh锟斤拷).

3锟斤拷 锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷锟斤拷呒锟�(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷呒锟�(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷飾時(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷

4锟斤拷 锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟絶锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟絶锟斤拷飾時(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷

5锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟角旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟絶锟絩(sh锟斤拷).

6锟斤拷 锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷指锟斤拷锟斤拷指锟斤拷r(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷

7锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫兩傦拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絑锟侥撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)系锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷锟斤拷which锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)系锟斤拷锟絶锟絫锟斤拷锟斤拷 that锟斤拷

8锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷There be锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u),锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷Z锟侥讹拷锟絑锟侥撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷that 锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)系锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷

9锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷飾成分烇拷锟斤拷Z,锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)系锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角讹拷锟絑锟侥撅拷谋锟斤拷Z锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷該锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)系锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷锟斤拷that锟斤拷

10锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷what锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)系锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷that锟斤拷

11锟斤拷锟叫時(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟剿憋拷锟斤拷锟截忥拷(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷使锟斤拷that锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷o)锟斤拷锟絑锟侥撅拷锟斤拷

1锟斤拷that 指锟剿伙拷锟斤拷锟节從撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絑锟斤拷锟絜锟絑锟斤拷锟斤拷Z

which 指锟斤拷锟节從撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絑锟斤拷锟絜锟絑锟斤拷锟斤拷Z(锟斤拷锟絜锟絑锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷省锟斤拷)

who 指锟斤拷锟节從撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絑锟斤拷锟絜锟絑锟斤拷锟斤拷Z

whom 指锟斤拷锟节從撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟絑

whose 指锟剿伙拷锟斤拷锟节從撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絑

as 指锟剿伙拷锟斤拷锟节從撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絑锟斤拷锟絜锟絑锟斤拷锟斤拷Z

but 指锟剿伙拷锟斤拷锟节從撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絑锟斤拷锟絜锟絑锟斤拷锟斤拷Z

注锟解：指锟斤拷r(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷whose+锟斤拷锟絶=the+锟斤拷锟絶+of which锟斤拷 of which+the+锟斤拷锟絶

2锟斤拷as 锟斤拷锟矫凤拷

(1)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)锟斤拷such…as; so…as;the same…as; as…as

注锟解：the same…as 锟斤拷示同一锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷同一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)

the same…that 锟斤拷示同一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)

(2)as锟絚which锟侥區(q锟斤拷)锟絜

a锟斤拷位锟矫诧拷同

as锟缴凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷前锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絞;which只锟杰凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷

b锟斤拷as锟斤拷锟紹锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絖(d锟斤拷)锟絝話锟剿碉拷锟絕锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷指锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(n锟斤拷i)锟捷的革拷锟斤拷(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟教�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�“锟斤拷锟界，锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟斤拷

Which锟洁當(d锟斤拷ng)锟节诧拷锟叫句，锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷and this锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�“锟紷一锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷锟斤拷’”锟斤拷

注锟解：as锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)锟斤拷as we know/ as is known to all, as we all can see, as has been said before/above,

as might be excepted, as is often the case, 一锟姐不锟斤拷锟斤拷which锟斤拷锟斤拷as锟斤拷

c锟斤拷锟节從撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絑锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷which锟饺匡拷锟斤拷系锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟絶be锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絑也锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟絰锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟絶锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絑锟斤拷锟斤拷as只锟斤拷锟斤拷系锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟絶be锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絑锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷o)锟絶锟斤拷because, since,as, now that, not that…, but that…, seeing that, considering that, in that

注锟解：for也锟斤拷锟皆憋拷示原锟斤拷锟斤拷锟劫诧拷锟斤拷锟紹锟絶锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絝锟斤拷直锟斤拷原锟津，讹拷锟角岋拷(du锟斤拷)某锟絅锟斤拷r锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡旓拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节憋拷示锟絘(b锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絝锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟絔锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟竭匡拷英锟絑锟斤拷(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟铰高匡拷锟結訊锟斤拷锟竭匡拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷前锟斤拷(zh锟斤拷n)锟戒、志愿锟斤拷锟�(b锟斤拷o)锟斤拷锟饺★拷锟�?j锟斤拷n)?sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟竭匡拷锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟絞锟斤拷锟斤拷全锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷(ji锟斤拷)锟絚(di锟斤拷n)

锟組锟斤拷"锟竭匡拷锟絎(w锟斤拷ng)"微锟脚癸拷锟斤拷號(h锟斤拷o)