锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷電學(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷式锟斤拷全

電學(xu锟斤拷)锟角革拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷要知锟絉(sh锟斤拷)锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟竭匡拷锟斤拷锟斤拷占锟侥凤拷值也锟杰达拷锟斤拷小锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷電學(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷式锟斤拷全锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷覅锟斤拷锟斤拷锟较ｏ拷锟斤拷锟�(du锟斤拷)锟斤拷业膶W(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟叫庯拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

1.锟缴種電猴拷锟斤拷電猴拷锟截恒定锟缴★拷元電荷ｏ拷(e=1.60×10-19C);锟斤拷锟斤拷w電猴拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷元電荷碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷

2.锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷桑锟紽=kQ1Q2/r2(锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�){F:锟絚(di锟斤拷n)電猴拷锟絞锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(N),k:锟給锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絢=9.0×109N?m2/C2,Q1锟斤拷Q2:锟斤拷锟絚(di锟斤拷n)電荷碉拷锟斤拷锟�(C),r:锟斤拷锟絚(di锟斤拷n)電猴拷锟絞锟侥撅拷锟絰(m),锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紹锟斤拷锟斤拷,锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷,同锟絅電荷伙拷锟斤拷锟脚筹拷,锟斤拷锟絅電荷伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

3.電堬拷锟斤拷(qi锟斤拷ng)锟饺ｏ拷E=F/q(锟斤拷锟絰式锟斤拷計(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷式){E:電堬拷锟斤拷(qi锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷(N/C),锟斤拷矢锟斤拷(電堬拷锟侥疊锟斤拷原锟斤拷),q锟斤拷锟絲锟�(y锟斤拷n)電荷碉拷锟斤拷锟�(C)锟斤拷

4.锟斤拷锟斤拷c(di锟斤拷n)(源)電猴拷锟轿成碉拷電堬拷E=kQ/r2 {r锟斤拷源電荷碉拷該位锟矫的撅拷锟絰(m),Q锟斤拷源電荷碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�

5.锟斤拷(qi锟斤拷ng)電堬拷锟侥堬拷锟斤拷(qi锟斤拷ng)E=UAB/d {UAB:AB锟斤拷锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟絞锟斤拷電夛拷(V),d:AB锟斤拷锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟节堬拷锟斤拷(qi锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷木锟斤拷x(m)锟斤拷

6.電堬拷锟斤拷锟斤拷F=qE {F:電堬拷锟斤拷(N),q:锟杰碉拷電堬拷锟斤拷锟斤拷電荷碉拷锟斤拷锟�(C),E:電堬拷锟斤拷(qi锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷(N/C)锟斤拷

7.電勶拷锟絚電勢差：UAB=φA-φB,UAB=WAB/q=-ΔEAB/q

8.電堬拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷WAB=qUAB=Eqd{WAB:锟斤拷锟斤拷w锟斤拷A锟斤拷B锟絩(sh锟斤拷)電堬拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥癸拷(J),q:锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(C),UAB:電堬拷锟斤拷A锟斤拷B锟斤拷锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟絞锟斤拷電勢诧拷(V)(電堬拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚路锟斤拷锟給锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)),E:锟斤拷(qi锟斤拷ng)電堬拷锟斤拷(qi锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷,d:锟斤拷锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟截堬拷锟斤拷(qi锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷木锟斤拷x(m)锟斤拷

9.電勶拷锟杰ｏ拷EA=qφA {EA:锟斤拷锟斤拷w锟斤拷A锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟斤拷電勶拷锟斤拷(J),q:锟斤拷锟�(C),φA:A锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟斤拷電勶拷(V)锟斤拷

10.電勶拷锟杰碉拷變锟斤拷ΔEAB=EB-EA {锟斤拷锟斤拷w锟斤拷電堬拷锟叫忥拷A位锟矫碉拷B位锟矫時(sh锟斤拷)電勶拷锟杰的诧拷值锟斤拷

11.電堬拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚電勶拷锟斤拷變锟斤拷ΔEAB=-WAB=-qUAB (電勶拷锟杰碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷電堬拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷負(f锟斤拷)值)

12.锟斤拷锟紺=Q/U(锟斤拷锟絰式,計(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷式) {C:锟斤拷锟�(F),Q:锟斤拷锟�(C),U:電夛拷(锟缴極锟斤拷電勢诧拷)(V)锟斤拷

13.平锟叫帮拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷C=εS/4πkd(S:锟缴極锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(du锟斤拷)锟斤拷e,d:锟缴極锟斤拷锟絞锟侥达拷直锟斤拷锟絰,ω锟斤拷锟斤拷電筹拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷))

锟斤拷見锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭婏拷诙锟斤拷锟�(c锟斤拷)P111锟斤拷

14.锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟诫妶锟斤拷械募锟斤拷锟�(Vo=0)锟斤拷W=ΔEK锟斤拷qU=mVt2/2,Vt=(2qU/m)1/2

15.锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷卮锟街彪妶锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷俣锟絍o锟組(j锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟�(qi锟斤拷ng)電堬拷锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷偏锟紻(zhu锟斤拷n)(锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絔锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟矫碉拷锟斤拷r锟斤拷)

锟狡� 锟斤拷直電堬拷锟斤拷锟斤拷:锟斤拷锟斤拷直锟斤拷锟絓(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)L=Vot(锟节庯拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絅電荷碉拷平锟叫極锟斤拷锟叫ｏ拷E=U/d)

锟斤拷锟絓(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng) 平锟斤拷電堬拷锟斤拷锟斤拷:锟斤拷锟劫度烇拷锟斤拷膭锟斤拷锟斤拷直锟斤拷锟絓(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)d=at2/2,a=F/m=qE/m

注:(1)锟缴傦拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷全锟斤拷同锟侥庯拷電斤拷锟斤拷小锟斤拷锟斤拷|锟絩(sh锟斤拷),锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭�(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷:原锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絅電荷碉拷锟斤拷锟叫和猴拷平锟斤拷,原锟斤拷同锟絅電荷的匡拷锟斤拷平锟斤拷;

(2)電堬拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷電荷筹拷锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟終止锟斤拷負(f锟斤拷)電猴拷,電堬拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟洁交,锟叫撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷?y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟�?qi锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷,電堬拷锟斤拷锟斤拷處锟斤拷锟斤拷(qi锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷,锟斤拷锟诫妶锟斤拷锟诫妱锟皆斤拷锟皆斤拷锟�,電堬拷锟斤拷锟絚锟饺勢撅拷锟斤拷直;

(3)锟斤拷見電堬拷锟斤拷電堬拷锟斤拷锟街诧拷要锟斤拷锟斤拷記锟斤拷見锟紻[锟节讹拷锟斤拷(c锟斤拷)P98];

(4)電堬拷锟斤拷(qi锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷(矢锟斤拷)锟絚電勶拷(锟斤拷(bi锟斤拷o)锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷電堬拷锟斤拷锟斤拷Q锟斤拷,锟斤拷電堬拷锟斤拷锟絚電勶拷锟斤拷還锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷w锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷俸锟诫姾锟斤拷锟截�(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n);

(5)處锟斤拷锟給锟狡斤拷鈱�(d锟斤拷o)锟絯锟角傦拷(g锟斤拷)锟饺勶拷锟絯,锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角傦拷(g锟斤拷)锟饺勶拷锟斤拷,锟斤拷(d锟斤拷o)锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷娓斤拷锟斤拷锟诫妶锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街憋拷趯锟�(d锟斤拷o)锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷,锟斤拷(d锟斤拷o)锟絯锟斤拷(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟较堬拷锟斤拷(qi锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷,锟斤拷(d锟斤拷o)锟絯锟斤拷(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟絔锟叫冿拷電猴拷,锟斤拷電猴拷只锟街诧拷锟节岋拷(d锟斤拷o)锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�;

(6)锟斤拷輪锟轿伙拷Q锟姐：1F=106μF=1012PF;

(7)锟斤拷臃锟�(eV)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥嗭拷位,1eV=1.60×10-19J;

(8)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷(n锟斤拷i)锟捷ｏ拷锟給锟斤拷锟斤拷巍锟揭婏拷诙锟斤拷锟�(c锟斤拷)P101锟斤拷/示锟斤拷锟杰★拷示锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟戒應(y锟斤拷ng)锟矫★拷見锟节讹拷锟斤拷(c锟斤拷)P114锟斤拷锟饺勶拷锟芥〔見锟节讹拷锟斤拷(c锟斤拷)P105锟斤拷.

1.锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(qi锟斤拷ng)锟饺ｏ拷I=q/t{I:锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(qi锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷(A),q:锟节時(sh锟斤拷)锟絞t锟斤拷(n锟斤拷i)通锟絕锟斤拷(d锟斤拷o)锟絯锟組锟絛锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(C),t:锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟絞(s)锟斤拷

2.锟絎姆锟斤拷锟缴ｏ拷I=U/R {I:锟斤拷(d锟斤拷o)锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(qi锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷(A),U:锟斤拷(d锟斤拷o)锟絯锟缴讹拷電夛拷(V),R:锟斤拷(d锟斤拷o)锟絯锟斤拷值(Ω)锟斤拷

3.锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷瓒�锟缴ｏ拷R=ρL/S{ρ:锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(Ω?m),L:锟斤拷(d锟斤拷o)锟絯锟斤拷锟絃锟斤拷(m),S:锟斤拷(d锟斤拷o)锟絯锟組锟斤拷锟斤拷e(m2)锟斤拷

4.锟絔锟斤拷锟铰凤拷W姆锟斤拷锟缴ｏ拷I=E/(r+R)锟斤拷E=Ir+IR也锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷E=U锟斤拷(n锟斤拷i)+U锟斤拷

{I:锟铰凤拷械目锟斤拷锟斤拷(A),E:锟皆措妱锟�(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷(V),R:锟斤拷锟铰凤拷锟斤拷(Ω),r:锟皆达拷锟�(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷(Ω)锟斤拷

5.電癸拷锟絚電癸拷锟绞ｏ拷W=UIt,P=UI{W:電癸拷(J),U:電夛拷(V),I:锟斤拷锟�(A),t:锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟絞(s),P:電癸拷锟斤拷(W)锟斤拷

6.锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴ｏ拷Q=I2Rt{Q:電燂拷(J),I:通锟絕锟斤拷(d锟斤拷o)锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(A),R:锟斤拷(d锟斤拷o)锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街�(Ω),t:通電時(sh锟斤拷)锟絞(s)锟斤拷

7.锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷路锟斤拷:锟斤拷锟斤拷I=U/R,W=Q,锟斤拷锟絎=Q=UIt=I2Rt=U2t/R

8.锟皆达拷锟斤拷锟�(d锟斤拷ng)锟绞★拷锟皆摧旓拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟皆葱э拷剩锟絇锟斤拷=IE,P锟斤拷=IU,η=P锟斤拷/P锟斤拷{I:锟铰凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(A),E:锟皆措妱锟�(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷(V),U:路锟斤拷電夛拷(V),η锟斤拷锟皆葱э拷剩锟�

9.锟铰凤拷拇锟�/锟斤拷聯(li锟斤拷n) 锟斤拷聯(li锟斤拷n)锟铰�(P锟斤拷U锟絚R锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷) 锟斤拷聯(li锟斤拷n)锟铰�(P锟斤拷I锟絚R锟缴凤拷锟斤拷)

锟斤拷锟斤拷P(gu锟斤拷n)系(锟斤拷同锟斤拷锟斤拷) R锟斤拷=R1+R2+R3+ 1/R锟斤拷=1/R1+1/R2+1/R3+

锟斤拷锟斤拷P(gu锟斤拷n)系 I锟斤拷=I1=I2=I3 I锟斤拷=I1+I2+I3+

電夛拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)系 U锟斤拷=U1+U2+U3+ U锟斤拷=U1=U2=U3

锟斤拷锟绞凤拷锟斤拷 P锟斤拷=P1+P2+P3+ P锟斤拷=P1+P2+P3+

10.锟絎姆锟斤拷y锟斤拷锟�

(1)锟铰凤拷M锟斤拷 (2)锟統锟斤拷原锟斤拷

锟缴憋拷锟絇锟教接猴拷,锟絳(di锟斤拷o)锟斤拷(ji锟斤拷)Ro使電憋拷指針滿偏,锟斤拷

Ig=E/(r+Rg+Ro)

锟斤拷锟诫被锟統锟斤拷锟絉x锟斤拷通锟絕電憋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�

Ix=E/(r+Rg+Ro+Rx)=E/(R锟斤拷+Rx)

锟斤拷锟斤拷Ix锟絚Rx锟斤拷(du锟斤拷)锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng),锟斤拷丝锟街甘撅拷锟斤拷y锟斤拷锟斤拷小

(3)使锟矫凤拷锟斤拷:锟紺(j锟斤拷)械锟絳(di锟斤拷o)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絎姆锟絳(di锟斤拷o)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟統锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷){注锟斤拷锟轿�(锟斤拷锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷off锟斤拷.

(4)注锟斤拷:锟統锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絩(sh锟斤拷),要锟絚原锟铰凤拷锟斤拷_,锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷使指锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷敫斤拷锟�,每锟轿換锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟铰短接歐姆锟絳(di锟斤拷o)锟斤拷.

11.锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟統锟斤拷锟�

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(n锟斤拷i)锟接凤拷锟斤拷

電夛拷锟斤拷示锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷U=UR+UA

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接凤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞撅拷锟�(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷I=IR+IV

Rx锟侥測锟斤拷值=U/I=(UA+UR)/IR=RA+Rx>R锟斤拷

Rx锟侥測锟斤拷值=U/I=UR/(IR+IV)=RVRx/(RV+R)>RA [锟斤拷Rx>(RARV)1/2]

锟絰锟斤拷锟铰凤拷l锟斤拷Rx

锟斤拷锟较撅拷锟斤拷小锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥★拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷電學(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷式锟斤拷全锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷锟杰光背哦!锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷還锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵思路!

锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟絔锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟竭匡拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷
 

锟斤拷锟铰高匡拷锟結訊锟斤拷锟竭匡拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷前锟斤拷(zh锟斤拷n)锟戒、志愿锟斤拷锟�(b锟斤拷o)锟斤拷锟饺★拷锟�?j锟斤拷n)?sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟竭匡拷锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟絞锟斤拷锟斤拷全锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷(ji锟斤拷)锟絚(di锟斤拷n)

锟組锟斤拷"锟竭匡拷锟絎(w锟斤拷ng)"微锟脚癸拷锟斤拷號(h锟斤拷o)