锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷W(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟叫ｏ拷锟斤拷(j锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷(hu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷負(f锟斤拷)號(h锟斤拷o)锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫碉拷锟斤拷負(f锟斤拷)值锟酵旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟叫碉拷锟斤拷負(f锟斤拷)值锟角诧拷同锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫碉拷锟斤拷負(f锟斤拷)值锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷示一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟絝锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷追N锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷示锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)系

锟斤拷锟斤拷1.锟斤拷矢锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷負(f锟斤拷)號(h锟斤拷o)锟斤拷锟斤拷示锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)系;筒锟紺锟斤拷锟�(d锟斤拷ng)锟截忥拷(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絚位锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)系F=-kx ;锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟截猴拷锟斤拷锟斤拷w锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷變锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)系P1=-P2 锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷锟�-锟斤拷示F锟絚x锟斤拷P1锟絚P2锟侥凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟洁反锟侥★拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞革拷锟斤拷\(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(hu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷負(f锟斤拷)號(h锟斤拷o)锟斤拷锟斤拷號(h锟斤拷o)锟斤拷示锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷同锟斤拷負(f锟斤拷)號(h锟斤拷o)锟斤拷示锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟洁反

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟絊锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷(锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷)锟斤拷矢锟斤拷锟斤拷變锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(hu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷負(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷號(h锟斤拷o)锟斤拷示锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷同锟斤拷負(f锟斤拷)號(h锟斤拷o)锟斤拷示锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟洁反锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷變锟斤拷锟斤拷P=P2-P1锟斤拷锟劫讹拷變锟斤拷锟斤拷=2-1锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷2.锟斤拷(bi锟斤拷o)锟斤拷锟斤拷只锟叫达拷小锟斤拷锟絔锟叫凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷些锟斤拷(bi锟斤拷o)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絧锟斤拷锟�(bi锟斤拷o)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫凤拷矢锟斤拷锟侥凤拷锟斤拷暮锟斤拷x锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(qi锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷I锟斤拷锟斤拷負(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷示锟斤拷锟斤拷姆锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街碉拷锟绞撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚規(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷同锟斤拷負(f锟斤拷)值锟斤拷示锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷c規(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟洁反锟斤拷锟斤拷通锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷負(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷示锟脚感撅拷锟斤拷锟絕平锟斤拷(锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷)锟侥凤拷锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)系锟斤拷平锟斤拷(锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷n锟斤拷锟斤拷值锟斤拷示锟脚感撅拷锟截凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷(c锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷負(f锟斤拷)值锟斤拷示锟截凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷(c锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(qi锟斤拷ng)锟脚堬拷(ch锟斤拷ng)B锟斤拷直锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷锟轿撅拷圈abcd锟斤拷锟斤拷圈锟斤拷eS锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷圈锟斤拷锟紻(zhu锟斤拷n)1800锟斤拷锟絫 1=BS锟斤拷2=-BS锟斤拷锟斤拷通锟斤拷锟斤拷變锟斤拷锟斤拷=1=-2BS

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷示锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟洁反锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰

锟斤拷锟斤拷1.锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷負(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷示锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷負(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷示锟斤拷锟侥凤拷锟斤拷锟絚位锟狡凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷同锟斤拷負(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷示锟斤拷锟侥凤拷锟斤拷锟絚位锟狡凤拷锟斤拷锟洁反锟斤拷也锟斤拷示锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷輸锟斤拷還锟斤拷輸锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷2.锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷式锟叫碉拷锟斤拷負(f锟斤拷)號(h锟斤拷o)锟斤拷锟絫锟斤拷示一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷透锟絉锟斤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷1/u + 1/v = 1/f 锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷u取锟斤拷值锟斤拷虛锟斤拷u取負(f锟斤拷)值;锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷取锟斤拷值锟斤拷虛锟斤拷取負(f锟斤拷)值;凸透锟絉 取锟斤拷值锟斤拷锟斤拷透锟絉 取負(f锟斤拷)值锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷3.锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷W十Q=E锟斤拷锟斤拷鐚�(du锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷W取锟斤拷值锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷(du锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷W取負(f锟斤拷)值;锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷锟结，Q取锟斤拷值锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟脚熱，Q取負(f锟斤拷)值;锟斤拷(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷E取锟斤拷值锟斤拷锟斤拷(n锟斤拷i)锟杰減锟斤拷锟斤拷E取負(f锟斤拷)值锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷示某些锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷還锟角減锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷Ek=Ek2-Ek1锟斤拷锟紺(j锟斤拷)械锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷E=E2一E1锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟杰碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷Ep=Ep2-Ep1 锟斤拷0锟斤拷锟絝锟斤拷該锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷0,锟絝锟斤拷該锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絧小锟斤拷=0锟斤拷锟絝锟斤拷該锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷變锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷示锟斤拷锟斤拷(du锟斤拷)锟斤拷小锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)系

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷锟姐參锟斤拷位锟矫猴拷锟斤拷Ep锟斤拷U锟斤拷p锟酵曪拷(hu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷負(f锟斤拷)值锟斤拷锟斤拷負(f锟斤拷)值锟斤拷示锟斤拷锟斤拷之锟絞锟侥达拷小锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)系锟斤拷锟斤拷某一锟斤拷锟絯锟节诧拷同位锟矫碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟杰分別锟斤拷Ep1=2J锟斤拷Ep2=1J锟斤拷Ep3=-2J锟斤拷Ep4=-10J锟斤拷锟絫Ep1 Ep2 Ep4锟斤拷某電堬拷(ch锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷同锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟斤拷電勶拷(sh锟斤拷)锟街別锟斤拷U1=3V锟斤拷U2=2V锟斤拷U3=-1V锟斤拷U4=-2V 锟斤拷锟絫U1U3U4 锟斤拷同一電猴拷锟斤拷電堬拷(ch锟斤拷ng)锟叫诧拷同位锟矫碉拷電勶拷(sh锟斤拷)锟杰分別锟介：p1=3J锟斤拷p2=2J锟斤拷p3=-1J锟斤拷p4=-2J锟斤拷锟絫p1p2p3p4锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絝锟斤拷取值锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界：N锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟組锟絧锟节达拷直锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷r锟铰的夫瑯猴拷锟組(f锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟戒，锟斤拷锟斤拷O小锟侥條锟斤拷锟介：bsin=m锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷m= 1,2,...

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷示锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界：锟斤拷示锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絕锟届交锟斤拷電的诧拷锟轿時(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟皆措妷锟斤拷锟�220Vl%锟皆冿拷(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷y锟絊锟絗锟斤拷锟饺烇拷50mV/锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絗锟斤拷小锟斤拷5%锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟竭★拷锟斤拷示同锟斤拷锟絆锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷示锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)同锟斤拷锟絆锟斤拷锟絖锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷十位锟矫時(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絆锟斤拷同锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷-位锟矫時(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷負(f锟斤拷)锟絆锟斤拷同锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絲锟�(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷些锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟杰烇拷負(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷r(sh锟斤拷)锟絞锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絃(zh锟斤拷ng)锟饺碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷計(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷慕Y(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷負(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角岋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷去锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角斤拷锟絵锟絕锟斤拷锟叫筹拷锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟絜(cu锟斤拷)锟絗锟斤拷锟絫锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷钥锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟较碉拷锟斤拷負(f锟斤拷)號(h锟斤拷o)锟斤拷锟斤拷示锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷小锟斤拷锟姐，锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷W(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿很讹拷锟铰的冿拷(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絖锟斤拷锟秸戯拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟矫ｏ拷锟缴斤拷Q锟絊锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷同锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷?c锟斤拷)锟狡斤拷r(sh锟斤拷)锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷注锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷每锟皆囷拷r(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷小失锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟絔锟斤拷

      锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷W(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟铰高匡拷锟結訊锟斤拷锟竭匡拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷前锟斤拷(zh锟斤拷n)锟戒、志愿锟斤拷锟�(b锟斤拷o)锟斤拷锟饺★拷锟�?j锟斤拷n)?sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟竭匡拷锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟絞锟斤拷锟斤拷全锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷(ji锟斤拷)锟絚(di锟斤拷n)

锟組锟斤拷"锟竭匡拷锟絎(w锟斤拷ng)"微锟脚癸拷锟斤拷號(h锟斤拷o)