锟斤拷锟斤拷1.通锟絰锟絯锟絳锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(du锟斤拷)知锟絉(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷盏慕滩目锟斤拷么朔锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞癸拷W(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷通锟絰全锟斤拷,锟絀(l锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷要锟絚(di锟斤拷n),锟絯锟絳知锟絉(sh锟斤拷)锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷锟斤拷(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷(n锟斤拷i)锟捷匡拷锟矫條锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷Y(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)式锟斤拷锟紷锟絅锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷使锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷(hu锟斤拷)锟斤拷V锟斤拷锟絀(l锟斤拷ng)锟侥歸锟絳锟斤拷锟斤拷,锟斤拷訓(x锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟紹(y锟斤拷ng)锟缴勶拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟街的猴拷锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟絋锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷處锟斤拷锟�(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷},锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷o)锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷知锟絉(sh锟斤拷)锟侥冿拷(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷聯(li锟斤拷n)系,锟斤拷锟斤拷知锟絉(sh锟斤拷)锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u),锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰效锟斤拷,锟斤拷锟斤拷(qi锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷知锟斤拷锟斤拷也锟斤拷锟缴學(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟结問,锟斤拷锟紹(y锟斤拷ng)锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷膽探锟斤拷锟侥撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷:锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟絟(hu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)系;锟絅群锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷群锟斤拷;锟斤拷锟紹(t锟斤拷i)系锟統(t锟斤拷ng)锟侥革拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴诧拷锟矫此凤拷锟斤拷注锟斤拷針岋拷(du锟斤拷)锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟結(ji锟斤拷)通锟絕鞏癸拷訓(x锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟統锟絬(p锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷x效锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(du锟斤拷)锟节學(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絯锟絳锟斤拷锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷知锟絉(sh锟斤拷)锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絬(p锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷,锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷u)锟斤拷锟酵�锟絕展锟斤拷锟斤拷示锟侥勶拷(l锟斤拷)锟斤拷使锟斤拷锟叫成就革拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(qi锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷x锟絛趣锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷2.锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷^锟斤拷x锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟教庯拷針岋拷(du锟斤拷)锟教诧拷锟斤拷锟叫筹拷知锟絉(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷^锟斤拷,要锟斤拷W(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟教材猴拷锟揭筹拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟絀锟絶锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟斤拷(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷M(j锟斤拷n)锟叫凤拷锟斤拷討論锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷:锟絯論;锟斤拷陳达拷锟絰锟侥革拷锟斤拷;锟竭等勶拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷募锟斤拷锟斤拷{(di锟斤拷o)锟斤拷(ji锟斤拷)---锟阶狅拷锟劫硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絃锟斤拷锟截★拷锟皆硷拷锟截的憋拷锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟斤拷锟杰夛拷锟斤拷锟斤拷W(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟接忥拷(qi锟斤拷ng)知锟絉(sh锟斤拷)之锟絞锟斤拷锟洁互聯(li锟斤拷n)系锟酵憋拷锟絕,锟接忥拷(qi锟斤拷ng)記锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紹(y锟斤拷ng)锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷3.锟缴嗭拷锟斤拷x锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟饺筹拷示锟斤拷x锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵,使锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷x,锟斤拷锟斤拷x知锟絉(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷锟叫斤拷Q锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷锟洁互锟絞锟斤拷討論,锟斤拷(du锟斤拷)锟絕锟統锟斤拷锟斤拷膯锟斤拷}锟結锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷,锟缴教庯拷锟斤拷锟斤拷直锟絕锟教具★拷模锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷D锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街讹拷锟絭锟斤拷贸锟斤拷Y(ji锟斤拷)論锟斤拷锟剿凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节教學(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷突锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚(di锟斤拷n),突锟斤拷锟統锟絚(di锟斤拷n),锟斤拷锟紹(y锟斤拷ng)锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絓(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷知锟絉(sh锟斤拷)锟酵斤拷Q锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟紿锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷:锟斤拷锟斤拷?q锟斤拷)锟斤拷誀锟侥匡拷锟�?锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷膫锟�(g锟斤拷)锟絯锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷4.摘要锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(du锟斤拷)锟教诧拷锟叫碉拷锟斤拷锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟統锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟斤拷取摘要锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷,锟斤拷讓锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷(du锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟斤拷群锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟絰,锟斤拷锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟戒實(sh锟斤拷),使锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絖聽锟絥目锟斤拷,锟斤拷邔W(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)效锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节凤拷锟斤拷(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷x锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷規(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷,锟缴教庯拷锟絤锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷o),锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷w锟絳锟斤拷锟結(ji锟斤拷),锟斤拷(j锟斤拷ng)锟絕锟洁方思锟絊锟斤拷锟斤拷嵌锟教斤拷锟�锟斤拷全锟斤拷位锟斤拷锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟结純锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷庸锟�锟斤拷锟竭度革拷锟斤拷,锟斤拷锟紹(y锟斤拷ng)锟剿學(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)思锟絊锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷:锟絧锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷----染色锟絯锟斤拷染色锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷DNA锟斤拷變锟斤拷規(gu锟斤拷)锟缴★拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷5.锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷o)聯(li锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷針岋拷(du锟斤拷)锟絥锟斤拷锟叫無锟斤拷锟絖锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絝锟斤拷,锟斤拷锟絒锟斤拷锟节诧拷D锟叫碉拷未锟紷锟斤拷(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷些锟絒锟斤拷锟斤拷(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟角學(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟解問锟絵,锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(x锟斤拷)锟絵锟斤拷锟较礙,锟斤拷(j锟斤拷ng)锟教庯拷锟斤拷锟絖锟斤拷锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟皆碉拷锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟斤拷,锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷o)锟斤拷x锟斤拷山锟斤拷y,使锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絘(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷聯(li锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷业锟街�锟絉(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷處锟揭�锟斤拷锟斤拷茖W(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷(zh锟斤拷n)锟絖通锟阶碉拷锟経锟斤拷,使锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷譀]锟叫憋拷锟斤拷锟侥冿拷(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷,锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟組(j锟斤拷n)锟剿學(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷(du锟斤拷)锟紻锟轿碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟竭學(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟酵斤拷锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷:锟叫絲锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫凤拷锟斤拷锟絞锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节的時(sh锟斤拷)锟絞锟斤拷锟絵:锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤細(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟叫絲锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷,锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟侥忥拷(f锟斤拷)锟狡時(sh锟斤拷)锟节碉拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷6.锟紻锟侥岋拷(du锟斤拷)锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷x锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟教诧拷锟叫革拷锟侥诧拷D锟酵圖锟斤拷,锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角教材碉拷锟斤拷锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟統锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟紷些锟斤拷D锟酵圖锟斤拷殉锟斤拷锟斤拷y锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�?j锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷?n锟斤拷i)锟捷硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絣锟斤拷锟斤拷,锟絪锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节教學(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷要指锟斤拷(d锟斤拷o)锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絉(sh锟斤拷)锟紻锟絰锟紻,锟紻锟侥結(ji锟斤拷)锟较★拷锟皆圖锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紻锟侥诧拷锟斤拷,锟絓(y锟斤拷n)锟矫圖锟侥岋拷(du锟斤拷)锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷x锟杰很好地庯拷锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷R(sh锟斤拷)記锟斤拷锟斤拷锟较的旓拷锟斤拷,锟斤拷锟紹(y锟斤拷ng)锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷直锟絏思锟絊锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絞锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟酵斤拷锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷:锟叫絲锟斤拷锟窖和減锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟窖的圖,DNA锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)锟斤拷(f锟斤拷)锟狡的圖锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷7.锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷x锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节匡拷锟斤拷(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟絓(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷,锟斤拷針岋拷(du锟斤拷)锟教诧拷锟叫诧拷同锟铰癸拷(ji锟斤拷)锟节匡拷锟絞锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟絞锟斤拷锟紹锟絤(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷锟酵�锟斤拷知锟絉(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)聯(li锟斤拷n)锟侥冿拷(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷,锟斤拷锟組(j锟斤拷n)锟叫岋拷锟絵锟斤拷x然锟斤拷w锟絳锟斤拷锟斤拷,锟轿筹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷知锟絉(sh锟斤拷)锟絯系锟斤拷锟剿凤拷锟斤拷使锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷(du锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟秸的革拷全锟芥、锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷,锟斤拷系锟統(t锟斤拷ng),同锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟紹(y锟斤拷ng)锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紺锟斤拷思锟絊锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紺锟斤拷锟絓(y锟斤拷n)锟矫猴拷锟节匯貫通锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷:锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)锟酵癸拷锟杰★拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟侥合筹拷锟絚DNA锟侥結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)锟酵癸拷锟斤拷;锟叫絲锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟絧锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷;染色锟絯锟斤拷DNA锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆狅拷锟揭幌碉拷袃锟�(n锟斤拷i)锟捷撅拷锟組(j锟斤拷n)锟叫綜锟斤拷锟皆岋拷锟絵锟斤拷x,

锟斤拷锟斤拷8.锟斤拷锟叫岋拷(du锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷x

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