2025锟斤拷呖锟绞凤拷锟斤拷锟饺拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)史
2024-10-25 18:37:33锟絎(w锟斤拷ng)锟絡(lu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷W(xu锟斤拷)史锟节高匡拷锟斤拷锟斤拷占锟斤拷一席之锟截碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷也锟斤拷锟斤拷诩锟斤拷诘臅r(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷嗫达拷锟斤拷@篇锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷W(xu锟斤拷)史锟絉锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絪锟給锟秸藏吧ｏ拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷1.锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)
锟斤拷锟斤拷1锟斤拷1638锟疥，锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷伽锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节★拷锟缴種锟铰科學(xu锟斤拷)锟侥岋拷話锟斤拷锟斤拷锟矫科學(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷論锟紺锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷锟絧锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟接匡拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节憋拷锟絖斜锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿兩傦拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷同锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷小锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷膶锟�(sh锟斤拷)锟�(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟紺锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絕锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絖锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡凤拷锟剿癸拷希锟紻锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟竭侊拷锟斤拷士锟斤拷碌锟斤拷^锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫★拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟絗锟侥ｏ拷锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷2锟斤拷1654锟疥，锟铰囷拷锟斤拷锟絉锟铰憋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟絑锟斤拷一锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟侥岋拷(sh锟斤拷)锟�(y锟斤拷n)——锟絉锟铰憋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷?q锟斤拷)锟斤拷?y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷3锟斤拷1687锟斤拷锟斤拷英锟斤拷锟狡學(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷牛锟紻锟节★拷锟斤拷然锟杰學(xu锟斤拷)锟侥旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟絎(xu锟斤拷)原锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷l锟絓(y锟斤拷n)锟接讹拷锟缴ｏ拷锟斤拷牛锟紻锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絓(y锟斤拷n)锟接讹拷锟缴ｏ拷锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷4锟斤拷17锟斤拷锟給(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷伽锟斤拷锟斤拷通锟絕锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)思锟斤拷锟斤拷锟诫實(sh锟斤拷)锟�(y锟斤拷n)指锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷水平锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絓(y锟斤拷n)锟接碉拷锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷锟絔锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟劫讹拷一直锟絓(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷去锟斤拷锟矫筹拷锟結(ji锟斤拷)論锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角革拷變锟斤拷锟絯锟絓(y锟斤拷n)锟接碉拷原锟斤拷锟狡凤拷锟剿侊拷锟斤拷士锟斤拷碌锟斤拷^锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角維锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟絓(y锟斤拷n)锟接碉拷原锟斤拷锟斤拷同锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟侥凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷W(xu锟斤拷)锟揭笛匡拷锟斤拷锟組(j锟斤拷n)一锟斤拷指锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷]锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷原锟斤拷锟絓(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷锟絕锟絤(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷同锟劫讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟絣直锟斤拷锟絓(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟饺诧拷锟斤拷停锟铰侊拷锟斤拷也锟斤拷锟斤拷偏锟絰原锟斤拷锟侥凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷5锟斤拷英锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷W(xu锟斤拷)锟揭猴拷锟剿岋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷W(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷貢锟絀(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(j锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟絵目锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絁(r锟斤拷n)锟斤拷只锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟侥條锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴的忥拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟缴碉拷锟斤拷變锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟饺ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷6锟斤拷1638锟斤拷锟斤拷伽锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节★拷锟缴種锟铰科學(xu锟斤拷)锟侥岋拷話锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絓(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟絕锟届－锟斤拷锟絆(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷詳锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟叫撅拷锟剿掞拷锟絯锟絓(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷17锟斤拷锟給(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷伽锟斤拷锟斤拷通锟絕锟斤拷锟诫實(sh锟斤拷)锟�(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷指锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷水平锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絓(y锟斤拷n)锟接碉拷锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷锟絔锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟劫讹拷一直锟絓(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷去锟斤拷同锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟侥凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷W(xu锟斤拷)锟揭笛匡拷锟斤拷锟組(j锟斤拷n)一锟斤拷指锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷]锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷原锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絓(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷锟絕锟絤(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷同锟劫讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟絣直锟斤拷锟絓(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟饺诧拷锟斤拷停锟铰侊拷锟斤拷也锟斤拷锟斤拷偏锟絰原锟斤拷锟侥凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷7锟斤拷锟剿傦拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(j锟斤拷)锟秸筹拷锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷徒锟�(j锟斤拷ng)锟�(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�“锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絝”锟斤拷锟斤拷希锟紻锟狡學(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絤锟斤拷锟侥學(xu锟斤拷)锟揭革拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絝”锟斤拷锟斤拷膽锟斤拷锟絞锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絝锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷8锟斤拷17锟斤拷锟給(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟铰囷拷锟斤拷锟侥學(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絖锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷_锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷9锟斤拷牛锟紻锟斤拷1687锟斤拷锟斤拷式锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絝锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴ｏ拷1798锟斤拷英锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷W(xu锟斤拷)锟揭匡拷锟侥碉拷锟絊锟斤拷锟斤拷扭锟接岋拷(sh锟斤拷)锟�(y锟斤拷n)锟絙锟矫憋拷锟絕锟斤拷(zh锟斤拷n)锟絖锟截測锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷10锟斤拷1846锟斤拷锟斤拷英锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)斯锟酵凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥學(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟秸維锟揭ｏ拷锟秸維耶锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟絝锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴ｏ拷計(j锟斤拷)锟姐并锟絕锟統锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷1930锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥學(xu锟斤拷)锟揭滐拷锟斤拷锟斤拷同锟接碉拷計(j锟斤拷)锟姐方锟斤拷锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)冥锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷11锟斤拷锟揭囷拷锟轿筹拷锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟侥伙拷锟斤拷乾F(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷谋锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟絚锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆拷锟斤拷锟酵�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷Y(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)锟斤拷(f锟斤拷)锟絪锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絖(d锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷俣锟斤拷锟揭★拷Q锟节囷拷锟斤拷锟劫度猴拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟饺ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷_始锟絯锟叫碉拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絚燃锟斤拷燃锟組锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟饺ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷茖W(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絉锟絎锟斤拷锟狡凤拷斯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絈锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷之锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷硕嗉夛拷锟斤拷锟酵慣锟皆岋拷(d锟斤拷o)锟斤拷锟侥革拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟洁級锟斤拷锟揭伙拷愣硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭囷拷锟窖成烇拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絛锟剿猴拷锟届技锟絞(sh锟斤拷)锟侥碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷12锟斤拷1957锟斤拷10锟斤拷锟斤拷锟終聯(li锟斤拷n)锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟揭伙拷w锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷l(w锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟斤拷1961锟斤拷4锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭伙拷锟斤拷d锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷“锟絴锟斤拷1號”锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷蛹锟斤拷值锟揭伙拷锟教わ拷锟教拷铡锟�
锟斤拷锟斤拷13锟斤拷20锟斤拷锟給(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟酵愶拷锟斤拷斯坦锟斤拷锟斤拷莫M锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷論锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(j锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絤锟斤拷锟斤拷微锟絕锟斤拷锟接和革拷锟斤拷锟絓(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷14锟斤拷17锟斤拷锟給(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟铰囷拷锟斤拷锟侥學(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絖锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷_锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴ｏ拷牛锟紻锟斤拷1687锟斤拷锟斤拷式锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絝锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷1798锟斤拷英锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷W(xu锟斤拷)锟揭匡拷锟侥碉拷锟絊锟斤拷锟斤拷扭锟斤拷锟絙锟矫憋拷锟絕锟斤拷(zh锟斤拷n)锟絖锟截測锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟脚达拷锟斤拷D(zhu锟斤拷n)锟絈锟斤拷思锟诫）锟斤拷1846锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡學(xu锟斤拷)锟揭戯拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟絝锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷計(j锟斤拷)锟姐并锟絕锟統锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角★拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷2.電磁學(xu锟斤拷)
锟斤拷锟斤拷13锟斤拷1785锟疥法锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷W(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷?gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷扭锟接�?sh锟斤拷)锟�(y锟斤拷n)锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷電猴拷之锟絞锟斤拷锟洁互锟斤拷锟斤拷規(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷——锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷桑锟斤拷锟斤拷y锟斤拷锟斤拷锟給锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絢锟斤拷值锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷14锟斤拷1752锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絤锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟組(f锟斤拷i)锟斤拷通锟絕锟絃(f锟斤拷ng)锟絶锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟�(y锟斤拷n)锟�(y锟斤拷n)锟紺锟絎锟斤拷欠锟诫姷锟揭伙拷N锟斤拷式锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷c锟斤拷電統(t锟斤拷ng)一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷15锟斤拷1837锟斤拷锟斤拷英锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷W(xu锟斤拷)锟揭凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷電堬拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟诫妶锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞倦妶锟斤拷锟�
锟斤拷锟斤拷16锟斤拷1913锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷W(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷通锟絕锟酵滴岋拷(sh锟斤拷)锟�(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟絖锟統锟斤拷锟斤拷元電猴拷e電猴拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷锟絑貝锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷17锟斤拷1826锟斤拷聡锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟揭歐姆锟斤拷1787-1854锟斤拷通锟絕锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟�(y锟斤拷n)锟矫筹拷锟絎姆锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷18锟斤拷1911锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絤锟狡學(xu锟斤拷)锟揭帮拷锟斤拷斯锟斤拷锟津昂納斯锟斤拷锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节溫度斤拷锟斤拷某一值锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟酵蝗伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥現(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷——锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷o)锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷19锟斤拷19锟斤拷锟給(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷群锟斤拷锟皆拷(d锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟酵拷^锟斤拷(d锟斤拷o)锟絯锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟絘(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷效锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷規(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷——锟斤拷味锟斤拷伞锟�
锟斤拷锟斤拷20锟斤拷1820锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷W(xu锟斤拷)锟揭奧斯锟截發(f锟斤拷)锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞癸拷車锟斤拷锟叫★拷锟结槹l(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷偏锟紻(zhu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟絈锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫э拷锟�(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷21锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷W(xu锟斤拷)锟揭帮拷锟斤拷l(f锟斤拷)锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟缴革拷通锟斤拷同锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡斤拷袑锟�(d锟斤拷o)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡斤拷袑锟�(d锟斤拷o)锟斤拷锟絫锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷同锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷税锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷f锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟洁定锟絫锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絫锟斤拷锟叫旓拷锟斤拷锟斤拷c锟脚堬拷锟斤拷锟洁互锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)系锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街讹拷锟絫锟叫旓拷通電岋拷(d锟斤拷o)锟斤拷锟节磁堬拷锟斤拷锟杰碉拷锟脚堬拷锟斤拷锟侥凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷22锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絤锟斤拷锟斤拷W(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡濓拷锟斤拷锟絓(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷電荷產(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟剿磁堬拷锟酵磁堬拷锟斤拷锟絓(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷電猴拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡濓拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷^锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷23锟斤拷英锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷W(xu锟斤拷)锟揭滐拷姆锟斤拷锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷樱锟斤拷锟街革拷锟斤拷锟疥帢O锟戒線锟角革拷锟斤拷锟絓(y锟斤拷n)锟接碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�
锟斤拷锟斤拷24锟斤拷锟斤拷姆锟斤拷锟侥學(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷斯锟紻锟絆(sh锟斤拷)計(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟絍锟絰锟斤拷锟矫侊拷y锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷拥锟斤拷|(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟酵凤拷锟斤拷同位锟斤拷锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷25锟斤拷1932锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷W(xu锟斤拷)锟揭勞傦拷茲锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟剿伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节岋拷(sh锟斤拷)锟�(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟叫產(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥革拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接★拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟杰僅取锟絈锟节磁堬拷锟斤拷D锟轿猴拷直锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷訄A锟斤拷锟絓(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟絣锟皆达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟酵�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟接勶拷锟杰很达拷锟斤拷锟绞接斤拷锟斤拷锟劫時(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(j锟斤拷)锟組锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷論锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絊锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节磁堬拷锟叫的伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节發(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷變锟斤拷锟斤拷锟組(j锟斤拷n)一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷拥锟斤拷锟斤拷屎锟斤拷锟斤拷y锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷26锟斤拷1831锟斤拷英锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷W(xu锟斤拷)锟揭凤拷锟斤拷锟节發(f锟斤拷)锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟缴磁堬拷锟絘(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷臈l锟斤拷锟斤拷規(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷——電磁感戯拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷27锟斤拷1834锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷伟l(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絖锟斤拷锟叫戯拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥讹拷锟斤拷——锟斤拷味锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷28锟斤拷1835锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡學(xu锟斤拷)锟揭猴拷锟斤拷锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟皆感現(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟阶冿拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷路锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷袘锟�(y锟斤拷ng)電動勢的現(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟秸癸拷锟斤拷墓锟斤拷锟皆拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷鋺�(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷之一锟斤拷锟絧锟紷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷影響戯拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷之一锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷3.锟斤拷W(xu锟斤拷)
锟斤拷锟斤拷29锟斤拷1827锟斤拷锟斤拷英锟斤拷植锟斤拷W(xu锟斤拷)锟揭诧拷锟绞發(f锟斤拷)锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟揭革拷锟斤拷水锟叫的伙拷锟斤拷微锟斤拷锟斤拷停锟斤拷锟斤拷锟給規(gu锟斤拷)锟絫锟絓(y锟斤拷n)锟接的現(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷——锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絓(y锟斤拷n)锟接★拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷30锟斤拷19锟斤拷锟給(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷锟缴德囷拷锟絫(y锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷锟斤拷英锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷W(xu锟斤拷)锟揭斤拷?f锟斤拷n)锟�锟斤拷锟铰囷拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟竭猴拷姆锟斤拷茲锟斤拷锟絖锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟截恒定锟斤拷锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷31锟斤拷1850锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿勶拷锟斤拷斯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷W(xu锟斤拷)锟节讹拷锟斤拷锟缴的讹拷锟皆憋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟杰把燂拷牡蜏锟斤拷锟斤拷w锟斤拷锟斤拷锟竭滐拷锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絘(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷影锟�锟斤拷锟絈锟斤拷藙锟斤拷锟剿癸拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絖锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭伙拷N锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟杰從嗭拷一锟斤拷源取锟斤拷锟斤拷使之锟斤拷全變?y锟斤拷u)锟斤拷锟斤拷玫墓锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷a(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷影锟�锟斤拷锟絈锟斤拷锟絖锟斤拷锟侥憋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷32锟斤拷1848锟斤拷锟絖锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷W(xu锟斤拷)锟截橈拷(bi锟斤拷o)锟斤拷指锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷菧囟鹊锟斤拷锟斤拷蕖锟街革拷锟斤拷^锟斤拷锟斤拷龋锟�-273.15锟芥）锟角溫度碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷T=t+273.15K
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷炔锟斤拷锟斤拷_(d锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷4.锟斤拷锟接學(xu锟斤拷)
锟斤拷锟斤拷33锟斤拷17锟斤拷锟給(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絤锟斤拷锟斤拷W(xu锟斤拷)锟揭惠革拷斯锟絖锟斤拷锟剿單擺锟斤拷锟节癸拷式锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷2s锟侥單擺锟斤拷锟斤拷[锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷34锟斤拷1690锟疥，锟斤拷锟絤锟斤拷锟斤拷W(xu锟斤拷)锟揭惠革拷斯锟斤拷锟斤拷藱C(j锟斤拷)械锟斤拷锟侥诧拷锟接現(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷規(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷——锟捷革拷斯原锟斤拷锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷35锟斤拷锟絎锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷W(xu锟斤拷)锟揭讹拷锟斤拷锟秸ｏ拷1803-1853锟斤拷锟斤拷锟饺發(f锟斤拷)锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟节诧拷源锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷之锟絞锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絓(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷使锟絕锟斤拷锟竭感碉拷锟絣锟绞發(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷變锟斤拷锟侥現(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷——锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷效锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷嗷ワ拷咏锟�锟斤拷f锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟洁互锟絟(yu锟斤拷n)锟絰锟斤拷f锟絧锟劫★拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷36锟斤拷1864锟斤拷锟斤拷英锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷W(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷斯锟絝锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷電磁堬拷锟侥勶拷锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷論锟斤拷锟斤拷論锟侥ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟诫姶艌锟斤拷锟秸�锟斤拷锟紸(y锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷電磁诧拷锟侥达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷指锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟絅電磁诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷電达拷锟斤拷論锟届定锟剿伙拷锟紸(ch锟斤拷)锟斤拷電磁诧拷锟斤拷一锟絅锟組锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷37锟斤拷1887锟斤拷锟斤拷锟铰囷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷W(xu锟斤拷)锟揭猴拷茲锟矫岋拷(sh锟斤拷)锟�(y锟斤拷n)锟紺锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷電磁诧拷锟侥达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟統锟斤拷锟斤拷電磁诧拷锟侥傦拷锟斤拷锟劫度碉拷锟节癸拷锟斤拷锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷38锟斤拷1894锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷R锟斤拷锟斤拷投锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷謩e锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟剿無锟斤拷電堬拷(b锟斤拷o)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絖锟給锟斤拷锟酵拷诺锟斤拷锟狡拷锟�锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷39锟斤拷1800锟斤拷锟斤拷英锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷W(xu锟斤拷)锟揭猴拷歇锟斤拷锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟絫锟解線锟斤拷1801锟疥，锟铰囷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷W(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟截發(f锟斤拷)锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟解線锟斤拷1895锟斤拷锟斤拷锟铰囷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷W(xu锟斤拷)锟揭傦拷锟劫發(f锟斤拷)锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)X锟戒線锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟戒線锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟较碉拷一锟斤拷X锟戒線锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷片锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷5.锟斤拷W(xu锟斤拷)
锟斤拷锟斤拷40锟斤拷1621锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絤锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷斯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷c锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街拷g锟斤拷規(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷——锟斤拷锟戒定锟缴★拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷41锟斤拷1801锟疥，英锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷W(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絉斯·锟斤拷晒锟斤拷锟斤拷^锟届到锟剿癸拷母锟斤拷锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷42锟斤拷1818锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡學(xu锟斤拷)锟揭凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟酵诧拷锟斤拷計(j锟斤拷)锟姐并锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟�(y锟斤拷n)锟絕锟届到锟斤拷膱A锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷—锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟竭★拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷43锟斤拷1864锟斤拷锟斤拷英锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷W(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷斯锟絝锟紸(y锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷電磁诧拷锟侥达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷指锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟絅電磁诧拷锟斤拷1887锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷茲锟紺锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷電磁诧拷锟侥达拷锟节ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟絅電磁诧拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷44锟斤拷1905锟疥，锟斤拷锟斤拷斯坦锟斤拷锟斤拷霜M锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷論锟斤拷锟叫兩條锟斤拷锟斤拷原锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷原锟斤拷——锟斤拷同锟侥慣锟皆咃拷锟斤拷系锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷規(gu锟斤拷)锟缴讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷同锟侥ｏ拷
锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷诠锟斤拷俨锟阶冊拷锟�——锟斤拷同锟侥慣锟皆咃拷锟斤拷系锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷械锟斤拷俣锟揭伙拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷變锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷45锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷斯坦還锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟秸擄拷械锟揭伙拷锟�(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷要锟結(ji锟斤拷)論——锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟杰凤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷46锟斤拷锟斤拷元前468-前376锟斤拷锟揭囷拷锟斤拷墨锟皆硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷凇锟侥拷锟�(j锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷記锟絛锟剿癸拷锟街憋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接帮拷锟斤拷纬锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷姆锟斤拷洹⑵斤拷锟斤拷R锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絉锟斤拷锟斤拷痊F(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷墓锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷47锟斤拷1849锟疥法锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷W(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷诘锟斤拷锟斤拷蠝y锟斤拷锟剿癸拷锟劫ｏ拷锟皆猴拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絊锟斤拷茖W(xu锟斤拷)锟揭诧拷锟斤拷锟剿革拷锟斤拷锟杰的凤拷锟斤拷锟統锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷W(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絶锟剿狅拷锟絛锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紻(zhu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟絉锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷注锟斤拷锟斤拷y锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷48锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟节癸拷谋锟斤拷|(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷17锟斤拷锟給(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絖锟斤拷锟轿筹拷锟剿兩種锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟絝锟斤拷一锟絅锟斤拷牛锟紻锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷微锟斤拷锟絝锟斤拷锟絁(r锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷枪锟皆达拷l(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟絅锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)微锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟絅锟角猴拷锟絤锟斤拷锟斤拷W(xu锟斤拷)锟揭惠革拷斯锟斤拷锟斤拷牟锟斤拷锟斤拷f锟斤拷锟絁(r锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷诳锟斤拷g锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷某锟絅锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷锟缴種锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟絝锟斤拷锟斤拷锟杰斤拷釋拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟絕锟届到锟斤拷全锟斤拷锟斤拷F(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷6.锟斤拷锟斤拷論
锟斤拷锟斤拷49锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷W(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷系膬啥锟斤拷锟狡ｏ拷锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷锟絛锟斤拷莫锟阶岋拷(sh锟斤拷)锟�(y锟斤拷n)——锟斤拷锟斤拷論锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絓(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界）,锟节燂拷輻锟戒實(sh锟斤拷)锟�(y锟斤拷n)——锟斤拷锟斤拷論锟斤拷微锟絕锟斤拷锟界）锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷50锟斤拷19锟斤拷锟給(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷20锟斤拷锟給(j锟斤拷)之锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷W(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷l(f锟斤拷)锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷X锟戒線锟侥發(f锟斤拷)锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷拥陌l(f锟斤拷)锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆的發(f锟斤拷)锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷51锟斤拷1905锟疥，锟斤拷锟斤拷斯坦锟斤拷锟斤拷霜M锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷論锟斤拷锟叫兩條锟斤拷锟斤拷原锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷原锟斤拷——锟斤拷同锟侥慣锟皆咃拷锟斤拷系锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷規(gu锟斤拷)锟缴讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷同锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节癸拷锟劫诧拷變原锟斤拷——锟斤拷同锟侥慣锟皆咃拷锟斤拷系锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷械锟斤拷俣锟揭伙拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷變锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷52锟斤拷1900锟疥，锟铰囷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷W(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞克斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷w锟斤拷輻锟斤拷規(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷蛹锟斤拷f锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷r(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紹锟絤(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷一锟捷碉拷锟斤拷每一锟捷撅拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷小锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷位锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷53锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷——锟斤拷锟絬(y锟斤拷)锟斤拷20锟斤拷锟給(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟給(j锟斤拷)之锟斤拷”锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷54锟斤拷1900锟斤拷锟斤拷锟铰囷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷W(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞克烇拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷輻锟斤拷規(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟诫姶挪锟斤拷陌l(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷詹锟斤拷锟斤拷B锟絤(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷一锟捷碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷W(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟組(j锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟戒啟锟絣(f锟斤拷)1905锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿固癸拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絝锟斤拷锟缴癸拷锟截斤拷锟斤拷斯锟斤拷效锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)規(gu锟斤拷)锟缴ｏ拷锟斤拷双@锟斤拷锟絑貝锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷55锟斤拷1922锟疥，锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷W(xu锟斤拷)锟揭匡拷锟斤拷锟紻锟斤拷锟叫撅拷石墨锟叫碉拷锟斤拷訉锟絏锟戒線锟斤拷散锟斤拷r(sh锟斤拷)——锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紻效锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟紺锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟剿癸拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷浴锟斤拷锟斤拷f锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟截恒定锟缴猴拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟截恒定锟斤拷同锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟絤锟斤拷锟斤拷微锟絕锟斤拷锟接ｏ拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷56锟斤拷1913锟疥，锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷W(xu锟斤拷)锟揭诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷约锟斤拷锟皆拷咏Y(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)锟斤拷锟絝锟斤拷锟缴癸拷锟截斤拷釋猴拷锟紸(y锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟剿氾拷原锟接碉拷輻锟斤拷電磁诧拷锟絍锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟侥發(f锟斤拷)展锟届定锟剿伙拷锟紸(ch锟斤拷)锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷57锟斤拷1924锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷W(xu锟斤拷)锟揭德诧拷锟絖锟斤拷锟侥戯拷A(y锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟剿岋拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟絣锟斤拷锟铰曪拷锟斤拷锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷58锟斤拷1927锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷英锟缴囷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷W(xu锟斤拷)锟揭得碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷诮锟斤拷倬锟斤拷w锟较碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷D锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷@微锟絉锟絚锟斤拷W(xu锟斤拷)锟紷微锟絉锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷F(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷影锟叫★拷芏锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷叻直锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟紷微锟絉锟侥分辨本锟杰革拷锟斤拷锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷7.原锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷59锟斤拷1858锟疥，锟铰囷拷锟狡學(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷税l(f锟斤拷)锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷一锟絅锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷渚�——陰極锟戒線锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絓(y锟斤拷n)锟接碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷60锟斤拷1906锟斤拷锟斤拷英锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷W(xu锟斤拷)锟揭滐拷姆锟斤拷锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷樱锟斤拷@锟斤拷锟絑貝锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷W(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷61锟斤拷1913锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷W(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷通锟絕锟酵滴岋拷(sh锟斤拷)锟�(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟絖锟統锟斤拷锟斤拷元電猴拷e電猴拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷锟絑貝锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷62锟斤拷1897锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷姆锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷陰極锟戒線锟杰發(f锟斤拷)锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟絝锟斤拷原锟接可分ｏ拷锟叫忥拷(f锟斤拷)锟絪锟斤拷(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆拷拥臈锟斤拷锟侥ｏ拷汀锟�
锟斤拷锟斤拷63锟斤拷1909锟斤拷1911锟斤拷锟斤拷英锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷W(xu锟斤拷)锟揭盧瑟锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街傦拷锟組(j锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷α锟斤拷锟斤拷散锟戒實(sh锟斤拷)锟�(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆拷拥暮锟绞斤拷Y(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)模锟酵★拷锟缴岋拷(sh锟斤拷)锟�(y锟斤拷n)锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷計(j锟斤拷)原锟接猴拷直锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷10-15m锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷1919锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絉瑟锟斤拷锟斤拷α锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絑锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟轿岋拷(sh锟斤拷)锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷原锟接核碉拷锟剿癸拷锟紻(zhu锟斤拷n)變锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟接★拷锟紸(y锟斤拷)锟斤拷原锟接核冿拷(n锟斤拷i)還锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟絅锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷W(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�1932锟斤拷锟斤拷α锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絑锟斤拷鈹核時(sh锟斤拷)锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟缴达拷锟剿傦拷锟絁(r锟斤拷n)锟絉锟斤拷原锟接猴拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟接猴拷锟斤拷锟接組锟斤拷锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷64锟斤拷1885锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷士锟斤拷锟叫學(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟教庯拷锟酵讹拷末锟斤拷锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟剿氾拷原锟接癸拷锟絍锟侥诧拷锟絃規(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷——锟酵讹拷末系锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷65锟斤拷1913锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷W(xu锟斤拷)锟揭诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟饺得筹拷锟斤拷原锟斤拷锟杰硷拷锟斤拷锟絖(d锟斤拷)式锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷66锟斤拷1896锟疥，锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷W(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷貝锟斤拷锟秸狅拷锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷然锟斤拷锟斤拷F(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絝锟斤拷原锟接猴拷锟叫忥拷(f锟斤拷)锟絪锟侥冿拷(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)锟斤拷锟斤拷然锟斤拷锟斤拷F(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟叫兩種衰變锟斤拷α锟斤拷β锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絅锟戒線锟斤拷α锟斤拷β锟斤拷γ锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷γ锟戒線锟斤拷衰變锟斤拷锟铰猴拷處锟节硷拷锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟紹(t锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷芗锟斤拷S锟絯锟絩(sh锟斤拷)輻锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷衰變锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚原锟斤拷锟斤拷處锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟酵伙拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷B(t锟斤拷i)锟給锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷67锟斤拷1896锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷貝锟斤拷锟秸狅拷锟侥斤拷锟絟锟铰ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷-锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紻锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟剿兩種锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆革拷锟斤拷(qi锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷元锟斤拷——釙ｏ拷Po锟斤拷锟紻锟斤拷Ra锟斤拷锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷68锟斤拷1919锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絉瑟锟斤拷锟斤拷α锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絑锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟轿岋拷(sh锟斤拷)锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷原锟接核碉拷锟剿癸拷锟紻(zhu锟斤拷n)變锟斤拷锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紸(y锟斤拷)锟斤拷原锟接核冿拷(n锟斤拷i)還锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟絅锟斤拷锟斤拷——锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷69锟斤拷1932锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絉瑟锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�α锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絑锟斤拷鈹核時(sh锟斤拷)锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟接ｏ拷锟紷锟斤拷锟絑貝锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷70锟斤拷1934锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絪锟斤拷W锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紻锟斤拷α锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絑锟斤拷锟絏锟斤拷锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷雍锟斤拷斯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟酵伙拷锟�锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷71锟斤拷1939锟斤拷12锟斤拷锟斤拷锟铰囷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷W(xu锟斤拷)锟揭癸拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷斯锟斤拷锟斤拷斯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絑锟斤拷鈾核時(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷鈾核發(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷變锟斤拷1942锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟組(f锟斤拷i)锟阶★拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟铰碉拷锟斤拷锟絀(l锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷(d锟斤拷o)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴碉拷一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷變锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟窖ｏ拷锟缴濓拷s鈾帮拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡帮拷锟斤拷锟絧锟劫勶拷锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟斤拷o(h锟斤拷)锟接等組锟缴ｏ拷锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷72锟斤拷1952锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷炸锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟较碉拷一锟絯锟戒彈锟斤拷锟斤拷變锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷朔锟斤拷锟�(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿癸拷锟斤拷锟狡核撅拷變锟斤拷一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷途锟斤拷锟角ｏ拷锟斤拷锟矫忥拷(qi锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷a(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟侥高夛拷锟斤拷锟斤拷小锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷燃锟较★拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷73锟斤拷1932锟斤拷l(f锟斤拷)锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷樱锟�1964锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷模锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷類ｏ拷媒锟斤拷锟接ｏ拷锟斤拷锟絝锟斤拷锟絅锟洁互锟斤拷锟矫碉拷锟斤拷锟接ｏ拷锟界：锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絧锟接ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷(qi锟斤拷ng)锟洁互锟斤拷锟矫碉拷锟斤拷锟接ｏ拷锟界：锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷微锟接ｏ拷锟斤拷(qi锟斤拷ng)锟接ｏ拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷(qi锟斤拷ng)锟洁互锟斤拷锟矫碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界：锟斤拷锟接ｏ拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟接★拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接ｏ拷锟酵斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(qi锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟缴革拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接匡拷私M锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷藥锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟杰烇拷元電猴拷.
锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟絔锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟竭匡拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟铰高匡拷锟結訊锟斤拷锟竭匡拷锟斤拷锟竭★拷锟斤拷前锟斤拷(zh锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷志愿锟斤拷锟�(b锟斤拷o)锟斤拷锟饺★拷锟�?j锟斤拷n)?sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷
锟竭匡拷锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟絞锟斤拷锟斤拷全锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷(ji锟斤拷)锟絚(di锟斤拷n)
锟組锟斤拷"锟竭匡拷锟絎(w锟斤拷ng)"微锟脚癸拷锟斤拷號
