锟斤拷锟斤拷規(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟侥革拷式锟酵囷拷(y锟斤拷n)锟杰的诧拷锟紼锟斤拷锟杰筹拷锟斤拷w锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)試锟竭碉拷“锟斤拷(y锟斤拷n)謹(j锟斤拷n)锟轿學(xu锟斤拷)”“锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟侥猴拷锟紹(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟絯锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)試锟斤拷順曪拷锟狡學(xu锟斤拷)锟侥戯拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷思路锟斤拷锟斤拷锟矫碉拷锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟絋锟斤拷锟斤拷計锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷“锟斤拷”“锟絆(sh锟斤拷)”(直锟絆(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絆(sh锟斤拷))锟斤拷“锟斤拷”(锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)系式)锟斤拷“锟斤拷”(锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)式锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷式)锟斤拷“锟斤拷”(锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�)锟斤拷“論”(锟斤拷要锟絩锟斤拷锟斤拷(j锟斤拷)锟絵锟斤拷锟組锟斤拷討論)锟斤拷“锟紻(zhu锟斤拷n)”(锟斤拷锟斤拷锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷锟紻(zhu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絆(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷Y(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷)锟斤拷“锟斤拷”(锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟給閱撅拷锟斤拷锟结供視锟絏锟较的凤拷锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟解，锟斤拷锟斤拷^锟斤拷锟斤拷還要锟組锟叫憋拷要锟斤拷锟絑锟斤拷銜斤拷锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟�”“锟斤拷锟斤拷”“锟斤拷锟�”“锟斤拷知”“锟斤拷”“锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷”锟斤拷锟絶锟絑锟斤拷要锟絤锟絩锟絤锟截碉拷锟絓锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)規(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟皆和囷拷(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵锟絩锟街戯拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟組锟斤拷锟斤拷規(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭�锟斤拷M锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟組锟斤拷锟杰憋拷锟解寫锟紹锟絯锟街★拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街达拷锟絵锟斤拷還锟叫凤拷號锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷號锟斤拷锟界：CaCl2锟絚CuCl2锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)式锟斤拷锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)锟斤拷式锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絈锟斤拷要锟斤拷什么锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟角讹拷锟絭锟斤拷锟揭傦拷锟斤拷K要锟斤拷“锟剿硷拷”锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷讓“锟剿硷拷”锟絬锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥讹拷锟絈锟斤拷锟皆硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絓锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷}锟斤拷锟絵要锟斤拷“锟絆(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷處锟斤拷”锟斤拷規(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵锟絩锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟絙锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿ｏ拷一锟斤拷锟角革拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵锟竭ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟睫碉拷閱撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷規(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷前锟结，平锟秸測锟斤拷锟揭傦拷锟斤拷要注锟斤拷锟斤拷h(hu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷規(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟矫讹拷锟斤拷之锟斤拷規(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷“锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟絋”锟脚曪拷锟斤拷锟紸锟斤拷“锟斤拷然”锟斤拷規(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟絝锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵锟竭匡拷锟角曪拷通锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絆(sh锟斤拷)計锟絵锟缴ｏ拷锟斤拷锟絵目锟斤拷知锟絉锟絛锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷“锟介境锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絆(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷”锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷嵌鹊锟�锟斤拷嵌锟組一些锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷露锟斤拷锟斤拷息锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆筹拷锟斤拷w锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟絵目锟斤拷锟矫的區(q锟斤拷)锟街度猴拷锟絰锟轿癸拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(y锟斤拷ng)試锟竭诧拷去锟絁(r锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷D锟斤拷只锟斤拷一味锟斤拷“锟絳印锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絳锟斤拷(j锟斤拷ng)驗、锟絳锟斤拷锟絏”去思锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷锟絫一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一些锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷锟角憋拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟侥東锟斤拷锟絋锟組锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭傦拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥高匡拷锟絵锟斤拷讓閱撅拷锟剿匡拷锟侥ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷}锟絩只“唯锟斤拷”锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絆(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷處锟截地忥拷锟絬锟斤拷锟角讹拷去锟斤拷锟絔锟斤拷锟斤拷么一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷虧锟侥★拷锟斤拷锟酵曪拷锟斤拷锟絩锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟絩锟斤拷锟诫到锟斤拷锟铰嗭拷锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷锟接岋拷閱撅拷r锟杰凤拷锟斤拷?锟斤拷锟紷锟角诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷呀嵌锟�?锟斤拷(bi锟斤拷o)锟斤拷(zh锟斤拷n)锟金案曪拷锟斤拷锟侥傦拷锟角讹拷锟絆(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷?锟斤拷锟紷锟接的革拷式锟酵诧拷锟斤拷锟角凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷閱撅拷?锟斤拷某些锟街凤拷锟侥曪拷锟斤拷锟角凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷a(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟絗锟斤拷?锟捷岋拷锟絀(y锟斤拷)锟絞(sh锟斤拷)锟絑锟斤拷锟斤拷锟矫凤拷號(锟斤拷锟絶)锟斤拷锟絓锟斤拷锟角凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷使锟斤拷锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟絋锟饺碉拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷指锟斤拷锟絭锟轿伙拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷試锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紾锟街的地凤拷锟斤拷希锟斤拷锟斤拷铱锟皆囷拷r锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷些锟截凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟斤拷锟竭橈拷(bi锟斤拷o)锟斤拷(zh锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷n)要锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷平锟絩锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷規(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷要锟竭凤拷锟斤拷锟皆硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(j锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟絕锟斤拷锟絜锟絗锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟絩锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(bi锟斤拷o)記锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷1锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絩锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷“锟缴达拷小”還锟斤拷“锟斤拷小锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟斤拷锟斤拷频锟�锟斤拷“锟缴忥拷锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟斤拷“锟缴高碉拷锟斤拷”锟斤拷锟饺等★拷


锟斤拷锟斤拷2.锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷式锟絩锟斤拷也要锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷3锟斤拷锟絜锟斤拷視锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�”锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)”锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡條锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷4锟斤拷锟叫嗭拷位锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟斤拷位锟斤拷锟絔锟叫嗭拷位锟侥就诧拷要锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷“锟杰斤拷锟�”锟斤拷位锟角匡拷锟斤拷锟絪锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷”锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷原锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷”锟給锟斤拷位锟斤拷锟絪锟斤拷锟斤拷“g”锟斤拷“g.mol-1”锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟叫嗭拷位锟斤拷g.mol-1锟斤拷锟絪锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷位锟斤拷失锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷5锟斤拷要锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟絈”锟絪锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)式锟斤拷要锟襟寫凤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷Y(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)式锟絪锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絈锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞�锟斤拷原锟接伙拷锟絰锟接結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)示锟斤拷D锟斤拷锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)锟斤拷式锟斤拷锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)式锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭�锟斤拷锟絰锟接凤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷锟絜锟斤拷锟缴伙拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷6锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫碉拷稀锟叫氾拷锟絯锟斤拷锟角嗭拷原锟接凤拷锟接讹拷锟絗锟絁(r锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟絧原锟接凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷7锟斤拷273锟斤拷锟絚273K锟斤拷注锟斤拷^(q锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷“锟斤拷(bi锟斤拷o)锟絩”還锟斤拷“锟角橈拷(bi锟斤拷o)锟絩”锟斤拷锟斤拷“锟斤拷B(t锟斤拷i)”還锟斤拷“液锟紹(t锟斤拷i)”“锟教態(t锟斤拷i)”锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷22.4L.mol-1锟斤拷锟絤锟矫條锟斤拷锟斤拷注锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟侥狅拷B(t锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟絕(q锟斤拷)锟斤拷液锟紹(t锟斤拷i)锟饺伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷}锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟酵帮拷水锟斤拷液锟饺猴拷锟斤拷水锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷8锟斤拷計锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)“锟斤拷锟斤拷品锟街烇拷傻确锟�”锟斤拷锟斤拷“锟斤拷1000mL锟斤拷液锟斤拷取锟斤拷50mL”锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷“原锟斤拷品锟叫碉拷锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟斤拷锟斤拷s只锟斤拷锟斤拷每锟斤拷锟叫碉拷锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷9锟斤拷請注锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟絵“锟斤拷锟絖锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟斤拷“锟絜锟絗锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟缴種锟斤拷同要锟斤拷請注锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絖锟斤拷锟筋卡锟絩锟絪锟斤拷全锟筋反锟斤拷锟斤拷要十锟街撅拷锟斤拷锟紷锟絅锟斤拷r锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷10锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷w锟斤拷“锟絯锟絜锟斤拷?j锟斤拷n)?sh锟斤拷)”锟絚“锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷?j锟斤拷n)?sh锟斤拷)”锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷失锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷11锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷要全锟斤拷锟斤拷陸猴拷锟斤拷全锟斤拷位锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷12锟斤拷锟斤拷示锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷炔锟斤拷锟紺锟斤拷HCl锟斤拷锟斤拷失锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷13锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟杰斤拷锟斤拷c锟斤拷锟絯锟杰斤拷缺锟绞撅拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷計锟姐方锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭徽�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(bi锟斤拷o)锟絩锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷20L锟斤拷锟斤拷锟杰斤拷锟斤拷1L水锟叫ｏ拷……锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷14锟斤拷锟斤拷示锟絰锟斤拷電猴拷锟絚元锟截伙拷锟较價锟斤拷锟揭徽勶拷锟�

锟斤拷锟斤拷15锟斤拷原電筹拷锟斤拷負(f锟斤拷)锟絆锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷電斤拷亍锟斤拷鍍筹拷锟疥枠O锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷電極锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)式锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿★拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷16锟斤拷锟斤拷“锟紻(zhu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟斤拷“锟劫分猴拷锟斤拷”锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷17锟斤拷锟缴種锟斤拷同锟絯锟絜锟斤拷同锟斤拷锟酵�锟絅锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟絜锟角凤拷锟斤拷约雍锟�锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟絵目锟介景锟斤拷要锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷18锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)計锟姐常锟斤拷锟絜锟絗锟斤拷锟铰ｏ拷锟劫凤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷锟絜锟节伙拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷锟絜锟斤拷锟斤拷平锟斤拷锟斤拷平锟斤拷锟絜锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)系式計锟斤拷r锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)系式锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷r锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷全锟桔分④凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟斤拷討論锟絵锟斤拷缺討論锟絕锟教ｏ拷锟斤拷锟洁當(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷姆症藿o锟斤拷锟缴種锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絔一锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟叫旓拷锟絕锟教ｏ拷锟斤拷要锟襟寫筹拷計锟斤拷規(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絕锟教ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絆(sh锟斤拷)未知锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)系式锟斤拷計锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷P(gu锟斤拷n)系锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷要計锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷位锟斤拷锟叫碉拷锟絵目還要锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷要省锟皆诧拷锟紼锟斤拷計锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟斤拷位锟斤拷注锟斤拷锟絵锟叫岋拷锟斤拷效锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟街碉拷锟絒锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷19锟斤拷锟狡旓拷锟絵锟斤拷請注锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(j锟斤拷)锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷锟給锟紺锟斤、锟叫機锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟絔锟斤拷全锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紺锟较ｏ拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷20锟斤拷要注锟斤拷試锟絵锟斤拷小锟斤拷號锟斤拷(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷話锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絋锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷21锟斤拷锟截答簡达拷锟絵锟斤拷一锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟轿伙拷”锟斤拷要锟芥及原锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)該锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫癸拷锟斤拷锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷22锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(zh锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷原锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷Cu锟斤拷63.5還锟斤拷64锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟结供锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷23锟斤拷mA(s)+nB(g)锟斤拷pC锟斤拷l锟斤拷+qD(g)锟紷锟絅锟斤拷锟芥反锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟接夛拷锟斤拷p锟斤拷锟斤拷平锟斤拷锟狡勶拷只锟斤拷锟絔锟斤拷锟叫的氾拷B(t锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)(g)锟侥伙拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)計锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷24锟斤拷锟斤拷平锟轿何凤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭�锟組锟斤拷“系锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟絣锟斤拷锟斤拷須岋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭岋拷锟斤拷锟絖锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷—還原锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷平锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷失锟斤拷锟揭�锟斤拷龋锟斤拷x锟接凤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)電猴拷要锟截猴拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡�锟斤拷锟叫機锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷式未锟斤拷“→”锟结化锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷漏锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟侥聚硷拷锟斤拷B(t锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟斤拷漏锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟�“+”锟斤拷“-”锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷膯锟轿伙拷锟絢J·mol-1锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷25锟斤拷锟叫機锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)锟斤拷式锟斤拷原锟斤拷锟絞锟斤拷锟紹锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷式锟斤拷锟絖锟斤拷锟絖锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟絜位锟斤拷锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)锟斤拷式锟叫讹拷N锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷碳碳锟絀锟斤拷锟斤拷锟杰團锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟饺伙拷锟侥革拷原锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭�锟統锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絩注锟斤拷碳要锟紹锟斤拷锟斤拷N原锟斤拷锟较★拷锟斤拷锟斤拷COOHCH2CH2OH(锟饺伙拷锟紹锟斤拷锟絜)锟斤拷CH2CHCOOH(锟斤拷锟絧锟絀)锟饺ｏ拷锟斤拷锟絳(di锟斤拷o)锟斤拷锟节忥拷(f锟斤拷)锟絪锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟饺伙拷锟斤拷貌锟揭�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絑锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絈锟斤拷锟杰岋拷锟絜锟絜锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界，“锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟斤拷锟杰岋拷锟斤拷“脂锟斤拷”锟斤拷“锟饺伙拷”锟斤拷锟杰岋拷锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟�”锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤不漏锟斤拷“水”锟斤拷锟絪锟桔凤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤不漏锟斤拷“小锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟斤拷锟絜锟窖環(hu锟斤拷n)烯锟斤拷h(hu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷烯锟斤拷锟絪锟絟(hu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷碳原锟接環(hu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絟(hu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷26锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷}锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟斤拷一锟斤拷要锟�(zh锟斤拷n)锟給锟斤拷锟絁(r锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷要思锟絊锟斤拷锟捷ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟統锟絵锟絈锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷“锟斤拷”锟斤拷锟斤拷要知锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紺锟斤拷锟角撅拷锟饺碉拷锟斤拷要锟統锟斤拷叶锟斤拷y锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)注锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟統锟饺达拷锟皆囷拷}锟斤拷也锟斤拷锟阶得分碉拷小锟絵锟姐應(y锟斤拷ng)該锟矫碉拷锟紷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷27锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絵锟統锟阶結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟酵發(f锟斤拷)展锟斤拷锟絈锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絁(r锟斤拷n)锟斤拷前锟斤拷锟斤拷y锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷母锟斤拷y锟斤拷锟斤拷锟統锟斤拷锟阶ｏ拷锟統锟絵锟斤拷锟絕锟統锟絵锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟叫诧拷锟劫匡拷锟皆得分的地凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴放楋拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷28锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵锟絩锟斤拷锟斤拷莫锟斤拷某一锟斤拷“锟絕锟統”锟斤拷“锟統”锟侥匡拷锟絵锟较伙拷去锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥岋拷锟紽锟絩锟絞锟斤拷一锟斤拷10锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭碉拷锟統锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷30锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絩锟絞去锟斤拷锟絔锟斤拷锟角筹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟姐，锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷X锟矫匡拷锟絔锟剿幾凤拷鐘猴拷還锟角無锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絕锟絯锟斤拷請锟斤拷要锟給锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一邊锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡猴拷锟侥態(t锟斤拷i)锟斤拷去锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷軌锟矫分的匡拷锟絵锟斤拷锟饺帮拷锟杰斤拷Q锟侥匡拷锟絵锟饺斤拷Q锟斤拷锟劫伙拷锟絕锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷Q锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭碉拷锟剿革拷锟絏锟斤拷思锟絊锟斤拷锟絊锟斤拷锟斤拷锟杰匡拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟接撅拷锟斤拷通锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷Q锟剿★拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷29锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡旓拷锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷}锟斤拷思锟絊一锟斤拷要锟絖锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絊锟斤拷聯(li锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟皆忥拷锟斤拷锟叫诧拷锟缴匡拷锟剿猴拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷前锟斤拷锟皆掞拷o锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷只锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟芥，一锟斤拷锟角讹拷去锟斤拷锟絔锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)該锟角多方位锟斤拷全锟斤拷位锟組锟叫匡拷锟絔锟斤拷锟絜锟絆锟截從匡拷锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷袑锟斤拷页锟�“突锟狡匡拷”锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷30锟斤拷锟斤拷試锟絩锟叫硷拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟斤拷锟斤拷然锟斤拷锟斤拷锟阶猴拷锟統锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟絔锟斤拷

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锟竭匡拷锟絩锟絞锟斤拷锟斤拷全锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷(ji锟斤拷)锟絚

锟組锟斤拷"锟竭匡拷锟絎(w锟斤拷ng)"微锟脚癸拷锟斤拷號