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　　(一)(2011·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)

　　For those who study the development of intelligence (智力) in the animal world，self??awareness is an important measurement. An animal that is aware (意識(shí)) of itself has a high level of intelligence.

　　Awareness can be tested by studying whether the animal recognizes itself in the mirror, that is，its own reflected image (反射出的影像). Many animals fail this exercise bitterly, paying very little attention to the reflected image. Only humans, and some intelligent animals like apes and dolphins，have been shown to recognize that the image in the mirror is of themselves.

　　Now another animal has joined the club. In the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, researchers report that an Asian elephant has passed the mirror self??reflection test.

　　 “We thought that elephants were the next important animal.” said Diana Reiss of the Wildlife Conservation Society, an author of the study with Joshua M. Plotnik and Fans B. M. de Waal of Emory University. With their large brains, Reiss said, elephants “seemed like cousins to apes and dolphins”．

　　The researchers tested Happy, Maxine and Patty, three elephants at the Bronx Zoo. They put an 8??foot??square mirror on a wall of the animals' play area (out of the sight of zoo visitors) and recorded what happened with cameras, including one built in the mirror.

　　The elephants used their long noses to find what was behind it, and to examine parts of their bodies.

　　Of the three, Happy then passed the test, in which a clear mark was painted on one side of her face. She could tell the mark was there by looking in the mirror, and she used the mirror to touch the mark with her long nose.

　　Diana Reiss said, “We knew elephants were intelligent, but now we can talk about their intelligence in a better way.”

　　1．What can mirror tests tell us about animals?

　　A．Whether they have large brains.

　　B．Whether they have self??awareness.

　　C．Whether they enjoy outdoor exercises.

　　D．Whether they enjoy playing with mirrors.

　　2．Why does the author mention apes and dolphins in the text?

　　A．They are most familiar to readers.

　　B．They are big favorites with zoo visitors.

　　C．They are included in the study by Reiss.

　　D．They are already known to be intelligent.

　　3．What made Happy different from Maxine and Patty?

　　A．She used her nose to search behind the mirror.

　　B．She recognized her own image in the mirror.

　　C．She painted a mark on her own face.

　　D．She found the hidden camera.

　　答案與解析

　　1.B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句可知，通過(guò)研究動(dòng)物是否在鏡子中識(shí)別自己可以測(cè)試它們的自我意識(shí)。

　　2.D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句可知，作者提到猿和海豚是因?yàn)樗鼈兒腿艘粯涌梢宰R(shí)別鏡中自己的形象，是人們已知的有智力的動(dòng)物；再根據(jù)第三段，一個(gè)亞洲象也通過(guò)了該測(cè)試，也加入到有智力的行列里，故選D項(xiàng)。

　　3.B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段，三個(gè)大象中只有Happy通過(guò)了鏡子測(cè)試，也就是說(shuō)只有她能識(shí)別鏡中自己的形象，因此這是她有別于其他大象的地方，故選B項(xiàng)。