高三英語教案：《語法知識情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣》教學(xué)設(shè)計
來源：精品學(xué)習網(wǎng) 2018-11-13 18:10:32
II.情態(tài)動詞的重點知識
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表示“能力、許可”的can和may
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表示能力的情態(tài)動詞用can/could
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A computer_____think for itself; it must be told what to do.
A.can’t B.mustn’t C.may not D.might not
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表示許可時用may/might ,can/could 都可以，但在問句中用could…?或might…？ 以使口氣委婉客氣，其回答一定要用can或may，以使回答口氣明確（must表示一定，必須，mustn’t表示禁止，不許可）。
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①—Could I call you by your first name? —Yes, you______
A.will B.could C.may D.might ②Johnny, you_____play with the knife, you_____hurt yourself. A.won’t/can’t B.mustn’t/may C.shouldn’t/must D.can’t/shouldn’t
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在肯定句中could不可以用來表示過去某一特定場合的能力，而要用was/were able to。
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The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but
everyone_____get out. A.had to B.would C.could D.was able to
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表示“推斷、判斷”的can
may,must
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在肯定句中都可以用來表示可能。在含義上must語氣最肯定,may表示的是事實上的可能性。
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Peter______come with us tonight, but he isn’t very sure yet.
A.must B.may C.can D.will 而can表示的是邏輯上的可能性： Mary is in poor health. She can be ill at any times.
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在否定句中只能用can和may。所以can’t時用以代替mustn’t，語氣比may更肯定。中文可以翻譯為不可能。
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Michael______be a policeman, for he’s much too short.
A.needn’t B.can’t C.should D.may
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在疑問句只能用can，不能用may和must。
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He may be very busy now. Can he be very busy now?
He must be very busy now. Can he be very busy now?
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need
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need作為情態(tài)動詞只有一種形式，只用于否定句和疑問句。
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dare
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dare作為情態(tài)動詞用時有兩種形式：dare和dared兩個詞形，除了可以用于否定句和疑問句外，還可以用于條件從句或表示懷疑的句子中。
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If he dare come,I will kick him out. I don’t know whether he
dare say. 注意:He doesn’t dare(to)answer the question.（否定句） Does she dare(to)enter the dark room?（疑問句）
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shall
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用于第一人稱：征求對方的意見。
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What shall we do this evening?
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用于第二、三人稱：警告、命令、允諾、威脅等。
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You shall fail if you don’t work harder. 警告
He shall have the book when I finish reading.允諾 He shall be punished.威脅
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should
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勸告、建議、命令、應(yīng)該做、道義上的責任。
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You should(ought to) go to class right away.
I should(ought to) help him because he is in trouble.
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will/would
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請求、建議，would比will委婉客氣。
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Would you pass me the book?
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表示意志、愿望和決心。
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I will never do that again.
They asked us if we would do that again
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would可表示過去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或某種傾向。
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During the vacation he would visit me every week
The wound would not heal.（傷口老是不能愈合）
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would表示估計或猜想。
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It would be about ten when he left home.
What would she be doing there?
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情態(tài)動詞+have done的用法
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could+have done：本可以做而實際上未能做。
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You could have done better, but you didn’t try your best.
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cannot+ have done：表示對現(xiàn)在或過去行為的否定推測。
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He cannot have been to that town.
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can+主語+ have done：表示對過去行為的懷疑或不肯定（用在疑問句中）。
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Can he have got the book?
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might(may)+ have done：對過去發(fā)生的行為不太肯定的推測。
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He may not have finished the work.
If we had taken the other road, we might have arrived earlier.
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must+ have done：對過去發(fā)生的行為肯定的推測。
其否定式為：cannot have done。
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You must have seen the film.
You cannot have seen the film.
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needn’t+ have done：本來不必要做的而實際上又做了。
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You needn’t have watered the flowers,for it is going to rain.
注意：didn’t need to(have to)do： 沒有必要做而實際上也沒有做 I didn’t need to clean the windows.My sister did it 2 hours ago.
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should(ought to)+ have done：本來應(yīng)該做而實際上又沒有做。其否定形式表示某中行為不該發(fā)生卻發(fā)生了。
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You should have started earlier, but you didn’t.
She shouldn’t have taken away my measuring tape, for I worked to use it. 注意：He should have finished the work by now.（表推測）
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虛擬語氣
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類 別
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用 法
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例 句
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If引導(dǎo)的
條件從句
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與現(xiàn)在事實相反
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從句動詞：過去式（be用were）
主句動詞：should/would/could/might+do
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If he were here, he would help us.
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與過去事實相反
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從句動詞：had+done
主句動詞：should/would/could/might+have+done
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If I had been free,I would have visited you.
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與將來事實相反
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從句動詞：過去式/should+動詞原形/were+to do
主句動詞：should/would/could/might+動詞原形
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If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping.
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省略if的虛擬條件句
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將虛擬條件從句中的were，had,should放到主語之前，構(gòu)成主謂倒裝
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①Should he come ,tell him to ring me up.
②Were I you,I would not do it. ③Had I been free,I would have visited you.
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混合虛擬條件句
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不同時間的虛擬：各遵守各的規(guī)則
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①If he had listened to me, he would not be in trouble now.
②If he had told me yesterday,I should know what to do now. ③If I were you, I would have gone to her birthday party.
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虛擬與陳述的混合：各遵守各的規(guī)則
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①He could have passed the exam,but he wasn’t careful enough.
②You should have come earlier.The bus left a moment ago.
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含蓄虛擬
條件句
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but for+名詞表示虛擬條件
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句子或主句中的謂語動詞的形式視具體情況而定。這是考查考生應(yīng)變能力的最佳試題。
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---But for your timely warning,we ______ into great trouble.
---You know we’re friends. A. would get B. must have got C. would have got D. can’t have got
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without+名詞表示虛擬條件
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Without the air to hold some of the sun's heat, the earth at night would be freezing cold.
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動詞不定式表示虛擬條件
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It would be only partly right to follow in this way. 如果用這種方式，僅僅對了一半。
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現(xiàn)在分詞表示虛擬條件
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Having known in time ,we might have prevented the accident.要是及時得知的話，我們也許能阻止這場事故。
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過去分詞表示虛擬條件
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Given more attention, the tree could have grown better. 如果多留心的話，這樹本來可以長的更好。
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副詞otherwise表示虛擬條件
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I was too busy at that time.Otherwise,I would have called you.我當時太忙，否則我就給你打電話了。
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連詞but連接的句子表示虛擬條件
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He _____fatter but he eats too little .
A. would become B. would have become C. must become D. must have become
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其它
狀語從句
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as if/as though引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中動詞用did或had＋done或would／could／might＋do。
注意：as if/as though引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中也可以用陳述語氣： 當說話者認為所述的是真實的或極有可能發(fā)生或存在的事實時： It sounds as if it is raining．聽起來像是在下雨。 He talks as if he is drunk．從他談話的樣子來看他是醉了。
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①與現(xiàn)在事實相反
He talks as if he knew where she was． ②與過去事實相反 He talks about Rome as if he had been there before. ③與將來事實相反 He opened his mouth as if he would say something.
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in order that/so that引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中動詞用can/could/may/ might/ would等+do
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Turn on the light so that we can see it clearly.
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賓語從句
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demand, suggest, order, insist后接的從句中動詞為should+do
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He suggested that we not change our mind.
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wish后的從句中分別用過去式，過去完成式和should/would+do表示與現(xiàn)在，過去和將來情況相反
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I wish I could be a pop singer.
I wish I would have gone to Shanghai last month.
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主語從句
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在It is necessary / important / strange that…
It is suggested / demanded/ ordered / requested that…等從句中， 謂語動詞用should+do
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It is strange that such a person should be our friends.
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其它
句型中
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It is time that…句型中動詞用過去式或should+do
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It’s high time that we left/should leave.
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would rather所接的從句中動詞用過去式或者過去完成式
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I would rather you stayed at home now.
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If only句型中動詞常用過去式或者過去完成式，表示強烈的愿望
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If only our dream had | |||
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情態(tài)動詞
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用 法
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否定式
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疑問式
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簡答式
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can
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能力（體力，智力，技能）
允許或許可（口語中常用） 可能性（表猜測，用于否定句或疑問句中）
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can not / cannot /can’t do
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Can…do…?
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Yes,…can.
No,…can’t.
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could
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couldn’t do
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may
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可以（問句中表示請求）
可能，或許（表推測） 祝愿（用于倒裝句中）
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may not do
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May…do…?
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Yes,…may.
No,…mustn’t/can’t.
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might
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might not do
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Might…do…?
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Yes,…might
No,…might not.
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must
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必須，應(yīng)該（表主觀要求）
肯定，想必（肯定句中表推測）
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must not/mustn’t do
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Must…do…? to.
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Yes,…must.
No,…needn’t/don’t have
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have to
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只好，不得不（客觀的必須，有時態(tài)和人稱的變化）
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don’t have to do
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Do…have to do…?
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Yes,…do.
No,…don’t.
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ought to
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應(yīng)當（表示義務(wù)責任，口語中多用should）
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ought not to/oughtn’t to do
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Ought…to do…?
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Yes,…ought.
No,…oughtn’t.
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shall
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用于一三人稱征求對方意見
用于二三人稱表示許諾、命令、警告、威脅等
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shall not/shan’t do
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Shall…do…?
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Yes,…shall.
No,…shan’t.
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should
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應(yīng)當，應(yīng)該（表義務(wù)責任）
本該（含有責備意味）
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should not/shouldn’t do
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Should…do…?
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will
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意愿，決心
請求，建議，用在問句中would比較委婉
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will not/won’t do
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Will/Would…do…?
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Yes,…will.
No,…won’t.
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would
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would not/wouldn’t do
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dare
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敢（常用于否定句和疑問句中）
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dare not/daren’t do
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Dare…do…?
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Yes,…dare.
No,…daren’t.
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need
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需要,必須（常用于否定句和疑問句中）
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need not/needn’t do
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Need…do…?
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Yes,…must. No,…needn’t.
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used to
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過去常常（現(xiàn)在已不再）
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used not/usedn’t/usen’t to do
didn’t use to do
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Used…to do…?
Did…use to do…?
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Yes,…used.
No,…use(d)n’t. Yes,…did. No,…didn’t.
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