锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絥锟絩

锟斤拷锟斤拷(一)锟斤拷锟絖目锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷媒锟絯锟統幕锟紷示锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絥锟教學锟斤拷锟絖锟斤拷锟斤拷目锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴組锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷變锟斤拷锟斤拷原锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絪锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絅锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟矫伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷山M锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷亟M锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絅锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟統锟絚锟侥學锟斤拷锟絚目锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷^锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟结問锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷山M锟斤拷規(gu锟斤拷)锟缴的岋拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷什么锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絭锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絥锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷 锟皆ｏ拷锟较德狅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷么锟洁功锟斤拷l(f锟斤拷)锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟侥伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷山M锟斤拷規(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷論锟酵岋拷锟絗锟斤拷锟斤拷什么锟斤拷處锟截ｏ拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷5锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴組锟斤拷規(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷論锟较和岋拷锟絗锟较碉拷锟斤拷锟絰

锟斤拷锟斤拷(1)锟斤拷論锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节減锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絘(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接碉拷锟絕锟斤拷锟叫ｏ拷锟斤拷位锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷同源染色锟絯锟较的非碉拷位锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟缴組锟斤拷锟斤拷锟劫硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷之锟絞锟斤拷锟絊锟紺锟結锟较ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷亟M锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷軌锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆狀，锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷亟M锟斤拷锟斤拷然锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆狅拷锟斤拷亟M锟斤拷锟紷锟接ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷F(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟紿锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絔锟叫碉拷锟皆狅拷锟斤拷也锟斤拷锟角筹拷锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷變锟斤拷锟斤拷(锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷變锟斤拷锟斤拷原锟斤拷之一锟斤拷)锟界：锟絊锟紸×锟紾锟斤拷锟斤拷F(xi锟斤拷n)2锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟絊锟斤拷锟酵綠锟紸锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫匡拷锟斤拷锟皆狅拷幕锟斤拷锟侥旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟角極锟斤拷薮锟斤拷锟斤拷每锟絣染色锟絯锟较讹拷锟叫讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷些锟斤拷锟斤拷芏锟斤拷锟絪锟较狅拷B(t锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷山M锟较岋拷锟铰伙拷锟斤拷锟截組锟斤拷锟酵匡拷锟杰產(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟絆锟斤拷锟斤拷拥幕锟斤拷锟斤拷偷暮锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絝锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷請同锟絎锟斤拷锟斤拷锟結锟铰憋拷锟侥嗭拷锟絵锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟较憋拷锟斤拷項冿拷(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴庯拷锟斤拷邊锟斤拷锟結邊锟筋寫锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟侥地凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(3:1)2 =9:3:3:1锟斤拷锟缴侊拷锟斤拷锟教庯拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絝锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟酵烇拷AabbCc锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷a(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟阶種锟斤拷偷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷(锟斤拷锟剿达拷8锟絅锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿达拷4锟絅)請锟斤拷覍锟揭伙拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫幾種锟斤拷(锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥結锟斤拷锟紺锟斤拷只锟斤拷4锟絅)锟斤拷什么锟斤拷只锟斤拷锟侥種锟斤拷請锟斤拷锟阶�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭傦拷锟絝锟侥幾岋拷锟斤拷指锟阶岋拷锟斤拷位锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷AabbCc锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫幾岋拷锟斤拷位锟斤拷锟津？兩岋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷然只锟斤拷4锟絅锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿★拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(j锟斤拷)锟较憋拷锟斤拷锟剿碉拷染色锟絯锟斤拷23锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷染色锟絯只取一锟斤拷锟斤拷位锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴組锟较的結锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷谋锟斤拷F(xi锟斤拷n)锟酵則锟斤拷223=8388608锟絅锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷“一母锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接ｏ拷锟斤拷锟接革拷锟斤拷同”锟斤拷锟紷也锟絝锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟较碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞裁达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿的讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷變锟斤拷锟斤拷原锟斤拷還锟叫伙拷锟斤拷突變锟斤拷染色锟絯變锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(2)锟斤拷锟絅锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷每锟絅锟斤拷锟斤都锟叫诧拷锟斤拷锟皆狅拷锟斤拷锟紷些锟皆狅拷锟叫碉拷锟角冿拷(y锟斤拷u)锟斤拷锟皆狀，锟叫碉拷锟角诧拷锟斤拷锟皆狅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷k锟斤拷去锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆狀，讓锟斤拷(y锟斤拷u)锟斤拷锟皆狀集锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷該锟叫讹拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷@些锟皆狅拷幕锟斤拷锟街別位锟节诧拷同锟斤拷同源染色锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷山M锟较撅拷锟杰庯拷锟斤拷锟揭傦拷锟斤拷锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟紷一锟斤拷锟斤拷愿锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷請锟絎锟斤拷思锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接诧拷锟杰獲锟矫既匡拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街匡拷锟絇锟斤拷锟斤拷小锟斤拷锟斤拷讓每一锟斤拷锟絎锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷锟教庯拷锟絲锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絎锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷請锟絎锟斤拷談锟皆硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷卸锟斤拷N锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷誀锟斤拷锟絰锟介純锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絅锟斤拷锟皆斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷誀锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絪锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷汰锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴種锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟矫碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷同锟結锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟絅锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷兀锟斤拷锟绞裁�锟斤拷锟絎锟斤拷锟斤拷锟截答，碉拷一锟絅锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷倩锟揭伙拷锟絩锟絞锟斤拷锟絪锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絅锟斤拷锟睫★拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷通锟絕锟紷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷同锟絎锟斤拷該知锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷没锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴組锟斤拷使锟斤拷锟斤拷锟截組去锟斤拷锟絅锟剿ｏ拷锟紷锟絅锟斤拷锟絅锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絪锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絅锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟結

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絲锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节凤拷同源染色锟絯锟较的非碉拷位锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷山M锟较硷拷锟斤拷同锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷偷拇锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷拥锟斤拷S锟紺锟結锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷苫锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟铰組锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥讹拷使锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷誀锟揭诧拷l(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟截組锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟铰碉拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟紷锟絅變锟斤拷锟斤拷原锟斤拷锟斤拷腔锟斤拷锟斤拷亟M锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絗锟较ｏ拷锟揭傦拷也锟斤拷锟斤拷讓位锟节诧拷同锟斤拷同源染色锟絯锟较的非碉拷位锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡的冿拷(y锟斤拷u)锟斤拷锟皆狅拷锟截組锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紹(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟絅锟斤拷锟紷锟絅锟絅锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絪锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絅锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷論锟斤拷锟紸锟斤拷锟角伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷山M锟斤拷規(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴組锟斤拷規(gu锟斤拷)锟缴诧拷只锟絤锟斤拷锟节讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷位锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷只要锟街別位锟节诧拷同锟斤拷同源染色锟絯锟较的讹拷锟斤拷锟角碉拷位锟斤拷锟津，讹拷锟絤锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絀(y锟斤拷)

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絭锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷F(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紿锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟酵的凤拷锟斤拷(锟斤拷論锟斤拷锟斤拷見锟斤拷锟斤拷锟結锟斤拷)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷O計

锟斤拷锟斤拷5锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴組锟斤拷規(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷論锟酵岋拷锟絗锟较碉拷锟斤拷锟絰

锟斤拷锟斤拷(l)锟斤拷論锟斤拷  锟斤拷锟斤拷變锟斤拷锟斤拷原锟斤拷之一

锟斤拷锟斤拷(2)锟斤拷锟絗锟斤拷  锟絪锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絅

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟結锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絲锟斤拷锟斤拷染色锟絯锟絎锟絝

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街稱“锟斤拷锟斤拷?q锟斤拷)W锟絝”锟斤拷1909锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絎锟斤拷锟絖锟紻锟酵德囷拷锟斤拷胎锟絎锟揭诧拷锟絝锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷芯锟斤拷藴p锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷染色锟絯锟叫烇拷锟絚锟絲锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷之锟絞锟斤拷平锟斤拷锟絇系之锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷z锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷位锟斤拷染色锟絯锟较的硷拷锟絝锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷同锟斤拷通锟絕锟斤拷蠅锟斤拷驗，锟紺锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絝锟斤拷1926锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷論锟斤拷锟斤拷使锟絲锟斤拷锟斤拷染色锟絯锟絎锟絝锟斤拷锟皆確锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絲锟斤拷锟斤拷染色锟絯锟絎锟絝锟侥猴拷锟斤拷思锟斤拷锟角ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷位锟斤拷染色锟絯锟截讹拷位锟矫碉拷锟絲锟斤拷锟斤拷位锟斤拷要锟絚锟角ｏ拷锟斤拷锟絯锟较的種锟絅锟絲锟斤拷锟皆狀都锟斤拷源锟斤拷染色锟絯锟较成岋拷锟侥伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷些锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷聯(li锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟組锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)目锟斤拷锟紹锟絠群锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷殖锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷r锟斤拷每锟斤拷锟斤拷位锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟较德狅拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟缴彼此凤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷每锟斤拷锟斤拷殖锟斤拷锟斤拷只锟斤拷一锟組锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷同锟紹锟絠群锟斤拷(n锟斤拷i)锟侥伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟较德狅拷锟节讹拷锟斤拷锟缴讹拷锟斤拷锟缴組锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴傦拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紹锟絠群锟侥伙拷锟斤拷之锟絞锟叫時也锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷幕锟斤拷Q锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭伙拷锟絈锟斤拷锟紺锟斤拷锟斤拷每锟斤拷锟紹锟絠群锟斤拷(n锟斤拷i)锟侥伙拷锟斤拷锟角筹拷直锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫的ｏ拷锟皆硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷之锟絞锟斤拷染色锟絯锟较碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷位锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡測锟斤拷锟斤拷锟酵筹拷锟矫的凤拷锟斤拷

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