锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷叽锟揭的綜锟较學(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷小锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟结供锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟絲锟絯锟斤拷希锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絲锟絯

锟斤拷锟斤拷1锟斤拷锟絲锟絯锟侥讹拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷散锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷直锟斤拷锟斤拷小锟斤拷10-9~10-7m之锟絞锟侥凤拷散系锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷2锟斤拷锟絲锟絯锟侥凤拷類ｏ拷

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟�. 锟斤拷锟斤拷(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷散锟絴(zh锟斤拷)微锟斤拷锟組锟缴的狅拷r锟斤拷類ｏ拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界： 锟絲锟絯锟絲锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絊锟斤拷 锟斤拷小锟斤拷锟接聚硷拷一锟斤拷锟轿成碉拷微锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷直锟斤拷锟斤拷1nm锟斤拷100nm之锟絞锟斤拷锟紷锟接碉拷锟絲锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絲锟絯锟斤拷 锟斤拷锟界：锟斤拷锟桔屬高凤拷锟接伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷蝹锟斤拷锟斤拷拥锟街憋拷锟斤拷锟�1nm锟斤拷100nm锟斤拷锟斤拷之锟斤拷(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟紷锟接碉拷锟絲锟絯锟叫凤拷锟斤拷锟絲锟絯锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟�. 锟斤拷锟斤拷(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷散锟斤拷锟侥狅拷B(t锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟街ｏ拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界：锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紽锟饺的凤拷散锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷w锟斤拷锟紷锟接碉拷锟絲锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絲;AgI锟斤拷锟絲锟斤拷 锟斤拷锟絲锟斤拷 锟斤拷锟絲锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴�锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟斤拷散锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟絯锟斤拷锟絲锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟絲;锟斤拷色锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆癸拷锟絯锟斤拷锟缴�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷锟接碉拷锟絲锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絲锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷3锟斤拷锟絲锟絯锟斤拷锟狡傦拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷A. 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟� 锟紺械锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟矫機械磨锟介法锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟絯锟斤拷直锟斤拷磨锟斤拷锟絲锟斤拷锟侥达拷小

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷 锟杰解法锟斤拷锟斤拷锟矫高凤拷锟接伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴�锟节猴拷锟絤锟斤拷锟杰勶拷锟斤拷锟轿筹拷锟絲锟絯锟斤拷锟界蛋锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷烯锟斤拷锟斤拷某锟叫機锟杰勶拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷B. 锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟� 水锟斤拷锟斤拷M锟斤拷锟斤拷FeCl3+3H2O(锟斤拷)= (锟絲锟絯)+3HCl

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟� 锟斤拷(f锟斤拷)锟街解反锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷KI+AgNO3=AgI(锟絲锟絯)+KNO3 Na2SiO3+2HCl=H2SiO3(锟絲锟絯)+2NaCl

锟斤拷锟斤拷思锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴種锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絫锟斤拷锟絕锟届到什么锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷?锟斤拷伪锟斤拷_锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟侥兩傦拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷式?锟斤拷示锟斤拷KI+AgNO3=AgI↓+KNO3(锟絊色↓)Na2SiO3+2HCl=H2SiO3↓+2NaCl(锟斤拷色↓)

锟斤拷锟斤拷4锟斤拷锟絲锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷 锟斤拷锟絖锟斤拷效锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)——锟斤拷锟絖锟斤拷效锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接岋拷锟斤拷散锟斤拷锟斤拷锟矫的結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟絅锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絖锟斤拷锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷a(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷原锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷z锟絯微锟斤拷直锟斤拷锟斤拷小恰锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絲锟斤拷锟较時锟斤拷锟絲锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷母锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟饺�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絲锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一小锟斤拷源(锟紷一锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷泄锟斤拷散锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟绞匡拷锟斤拷锟紷锟截匡拷锟斤拷锟缴無锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)小锟斤拷源锟轿成的癸拷锟斤拷“通路”锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节憋拷锟絕锟斤拷锟叫★拷锟斤拷w锟�锟斤拷锟轿�锟斤拷锟较則锟給锟剿現(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷只锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�?q锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟饺�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟秸的現(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟酵濓拷液锟給锟斤拷锟絖锟斤拷锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆讹拷锟絖锟斤拷效锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絙锟絜锟絲锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷散系锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絓锟斤拷——锟斤拷锟絲锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絲锟斤拷锟节革拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟杰碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟洁互平锟斤拷锟斤拷a(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟侥無規(gu锟斤拷)锟絫锟斤拷锟絓锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絈锟介布锟斤拷锟絓锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絲锟絯锟斤拷(w锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷原锟斤拷之一锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟� 锟接�——锟斤拷锟斤拷锟诫妶锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷拢锟斤拷z锟絯锟斤拷微锟斤拷锟节凤拷散锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷陰極(锟斤拷陽極)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡動的現(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絲锟絯锟斤拷锟叫凤拷(w锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟皆碉拷锟斤拷要原锟斤拷锟斤拷同一锟絅锟絲锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷同锟絅電荷ｏ拷锟洁互锟脚筹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絲锟斤拷锟节凤拷散锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷停锟侥無規(gu锟斤拷)锟絫锟絓锟斤拷锟斤拷使锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷影锟斤拷锟斤拷^锟斤拷p锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟竭讹拷使锟戒不锟阶聚硷拷锟斤拷锟侥讹拷使锟絲锟絯锟絕锟斤拷(w锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絝锟斤拷锟斤拷A锟斤拷锟接撅拷F(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷z锟斤拷锟斤拷電猴拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絲锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷缘摹锟斤拷z锟斤拷锟斤拷電碉拷原锟斤拷锟絲锟絯锟叫單傦拷锟絲锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟絜小锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷z锟絯锟斤拷锟絲锟斤拷锟侥憋拷锟斤拷e锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷邆锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟叫碉拷锟絲锟絯锟叫碉拷锟絲锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟叫碉拷锟斤拷x锟接讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�;锟叫的則锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟接讹拷锟斤拷負锟斤拷z锟絯锟斤拷锟结純锟斤拷锟缴诧拷锟矫滲锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟结純锟絲锟絯锟斤拷使锟斤拷锟接伙拷锟絰锟斤拷通锟絕锟斤拷透膜锟斤拷锟絲锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟斤拷去锟侥诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫滲锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷原锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絲锟絯锟斤拷锟接诧拷锟斤拷透锟絕锟斤拷透膜锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接猴拷锟絰锟接匡拷锟斤拷透锟絕锟斤拷透膜锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絲锟絯锟斤拷锟接匡拷锟斤拷透锟絕锟絍锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞诧拷锟斤拷锟矫濾锟斤拷?zh锟斤拷)峒冿拷z锟絯锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷B锟斤拷锟节达拷要锟斤拷悉锟斤拷見锟絲锟絯锟斤拷锟絲锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷裕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷袛锟酵凤拷锟斤拷一些锟斤拷锟紿锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷電碉拷锟絲锟斤拷锟絲锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟劫氾拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷 锟斤拷 锟絲锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷負電碉拷锟絲锟斤拷锟絲锟絯锟斤拷锟角斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷As2S3锟絲锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絲锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絲锟絯

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟解：AgI锟絲锟斤拷锟絊锟斤拷AgNO3锟斤拷KI锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷同锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴庯拷锟斤拷電伙拷負電★拷锟斤拷KI锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絫AgI锟絲锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷I-锟斤拷锟斤拷負锟�;锟斤拷AgNO3锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絫锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷Ag+锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)然锟斤拷锟絲锟絯锟斤拷锟絲锟斤拷锟斤拷電碉拷電荷種類匡拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷C锟斤拷同锟絅锟絲锟絯锟斤拷锟絲锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷同锟斤拷電猴拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷D锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絲锟斤拷锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟接撅拷F(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絲锟斤拷锟斤拷電荷碉拷液锟斤拷锟絲锟斤拷通锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴發(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟接撅拷F(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絲锟节高夛拷電的條锟斤拷也锟杰發(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟接撅拷F(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絲锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷散锟絴(zh锟斤拷)微锟斤拷锟組锟缴可分烇拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絲锟絯(锟斤拷 锟絲锟絯锟斤拷AgI锟絲锟絯锟斤拷)锟酵凤拷锟斤拷锟絲锟絯[锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭猴拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷|(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷液(锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟絋锟皆稱锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟戒實锟斤拷散锟絴(zh锟斤拷)微锟斤拷直锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絖锟絲锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷)锟斤拷只锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絲锟絯锟斤拷锟絲锟斤拷锟斤拷電猴拷锟斤拷锟绞可產(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟接撅拷F(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絲锟絯锟皆筹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷電堬拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡動碉拷锟斤拷锟絲锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絲锟絯锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷芫鄢锟�——锟絲锟絯锟斤拷散系锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷散系微锟斤拷锟洁互锟桔硷拷锟斤拷锟铰筹拷锟侥現(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷Q锟斤拷锟絲锟絯锟侥聚筹拷锟斤拷锟杰达拷使锟斤拷锟絲锟桔筹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫硷拷電斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)(锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紸锟斤拷锟絵)锟斤拷锟接燂拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絲锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷蟆⒓锟斤拷z锟斤拷锟斤拷锟洁反電荷碉拷锟絲锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫時锟絲锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟桔時锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紹同锟斤拷散锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟缴冿拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟紷锟絅锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絲锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絲锟絯锟斤拷(w锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节碉拷原锟斤拷(1)锟絲锟斤拷小锟斤拷锟缴憋拷锟杰勶拷锟斤拷锟接沖锟斤拷锟斤拷停锟斤拷锟絓锟接ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟铰筹拷锟斤拷锟较革拷(2)锟絲锟斤拷锟斤拷同锟斤拷電猴拷锟斤拷同锟斤拷锟脚斥，锟斤拷锟阶聚达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷鲁锟斤拷锟斤拷细锟�

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絲锟絯锟斤拷锟桔的凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(1)锟斤拷锟斤拷電斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷電斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷x锟斤拷锟斤拷陰★拷锟斤拷x锟斤拷锟絚锟絲锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷電荷發(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷泻锟�锟斤拷使锟絲锟斤拷锟絞锟斤拷锟脚筹拷锟斤拷锟铰斤拷锟斤拷锟絲锟斤拷锟洁互锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷o)锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷直锟斤拷>10-7m锟斤拷锟侥讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷電荷旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絰锟接半徑

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟斤拷使锟斤拷負電猴拷锟絲锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絲锟絯锟斤拷锟桔碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟介：Al3+>Fe3+>H+>Mg2+>Na+

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟斤拷使锟斤拷锟斤拷電猴拷锟絲锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絲锟絯锟斤拷锟桔碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟介：SO42->NO3->Cl-

锟斤拷锟斤拷(2)锟斤拷锟诫帶锟斤拷锟斤拷電猴拷锟絲锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絲锟絯锟斤拷(3)锟接燂拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟秸伙拷锟戒線锟饺ｏ拷锟接燂拷杉涌锟斤拷z锟斤拷锟絓锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絲锟斤拷之锟絞锟斤拷锟斤拷撞锟紺锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界蛋锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷液锟接熱，锟絕锟絃锟絩锟絞锟斤拷锟秸讹拷锟斤拷使锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷變锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷5锟斤拷锟絲锟絯锟侥戯拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絲锟絯锟斤拷知锟絉锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絘(ch锟斤拷n)锟酵匡拷锟叫等凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷途锟斤拷锟界常見锟斤拷锟叫ｏ拷

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锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷 锟斤拷锟絲锟斤拷锟狡備： 锟斤拷水4%锟斤拷 锟叫癸拷锟絲

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