锟斤拷锟斤拷21锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷DNA锟斤拷锟接結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)锟酵忥拷(f锟斤拷)锟狡碉拷4锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(1)DNA锟斤拷水锟斤拷a(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(j锟斤拷)水锟斤拷潭鹊牟锟酵�锟斤拷锟斤拷同锟斤拷锟截碉拷水锟斤拷a(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟结、脫锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角猴拷锟侥種锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紸锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟斤拷a(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥種脫锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(2)锟斤拷脫锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷校锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟矫匡拷锟�(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟结都锟絚锟缴傦拷(g锟斤拷)脫锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紹锟斤拷锟斤拷鏈碉拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷只锟絚一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)脫锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紹锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(3)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(bi锟斤拷o)記DNA锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷占锟侥憋拷锟斤拷锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)注锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紻NA锟斤拷锟接旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷還锟斤拷脫锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷鏈旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(zh锟斤拷n)锟斤拷“锟斤拷”還锟斤拷“只锟斤拷”锟斤拷還锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)注锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紹(y锟斤拷ng)液锟叫伙拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)元锟截的诧拷同锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(4)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫的伙拷锟斤拷位锟斤拷染色锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟紾锟絯锟酵撅拷锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷也锟叫伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷22锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟节伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷_(d锟斤拷)锟斤拷4锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(1)锟紻(zhu锟斤拷n)錄的產(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤：锟斤拷锟斤拷mRNA锟解，還锟斤拷tRNA锟斤拷rRNA锟斤拷锟斤拷锟統锟斤拷锟絲锟斤拷锟斤拷息锟斤拷只锟斤拷mRNA锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(2)锟斤拷锟絞锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟杰碼锟接讹拷锟杰決锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟结，3锟絅锟終止锟杰碼锟接诧拷锟杰決锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷也锟絔锟斤拷锟絚之锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷tRNA锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(3)锟杰碼锟接具猴拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(20锟絅锟斤拷锟斤拷锟结對锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)61锟絅锟杰碼锟斤拷)

锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷叻锟斤拷g锟劫讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(qi锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟絜(cu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絧锟劫碉拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟皆狅拷锟斤拷e(cu锟斤拷)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(4)一锟絣mRNA锟斤拷锟接匡拷锟斤拷锟絕锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟较讹拷锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节短時(sh锟斤拷)锟絞锟斤拷(n锟斤拷i)锟较成达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷23锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟缴达拷锟絲锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴碉拷6锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(1)锟较德狅拷锟絲锟斤拷規(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絤锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街筹拷^锟斤拷锟叫核伙拷锟斤拷(位锟斤拷同源染色锟絯锟较的碉拷位锟斤拷锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絲锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(2)锟斤拷锟斤拷姆锟斤拷x锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫碉拷“锟斤拷锟絰”锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷指锟皆狅拷姆锟斤拷x锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷指锟斤拷位锟斤拷锟斤拷姆锟斤拷x锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟缴的岋拷(sh锟斤拷)锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟角碉拷位锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絊同源染色锟絯锟侥凤拷锟絖锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟組(j锟斤拷n)锟诫到锟斤拷同锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫★拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(3)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷山M锟较讹拷锟缴的岋拷(sh锟斤拷)锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷“锟斤拷同源染色锟絯锟较的非碉拷位锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷山M锟斤拷”锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絝锟斤拷“锟角碉拷位锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷山M锟斤拷”锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷锟斤拷?y锟斤拷n)锟揭伙拷l染色锟絯锟较达拷锟节讹拷锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷些锟斤拷锟斤拷也锟絈锟斤拷堑锟轿伙拷锟斤拷颍�碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴組锟较碉拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(4)锟絪锟斤拷锟斤拷(Aa)锟絘(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接種锟斤拷锟酵�锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟劫达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接讹拷锟叫兩種(A锟斤拷a锟斤拷1锟斤拷1)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟揭伙拷锟斤拷锟絝锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟絟(yu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟节达拷锟斤拷锟接旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(5)锟皆斤拷≠锟斤拷锟缴斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷越锟斤拷锟�(qi锟斤拷ng)锟絳(di锟斤拷o)锟斤拷同锟斤拷锟斤拷锟酵傦拷(g锟斤拷)锟絯之锟絞锟侥斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷山锟斤拷鋸�(qi锟斤拷ng)锟絳(di锟斤拷o)群锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫傦拷(g锟斤拷)锟絯锟絊锟紺(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(6)锟皆狅拷锟斤拷x≠锟斤拷锟斤拷锟截組

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆狅拷锟斤拷x锟角碉拷位锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟截組锟角匡拷锟狡诧拷同锟皆狅拷幕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷陆M锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷24锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絲锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷z锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷5锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟絗锟絕(q锟斤拷)

锟斤拷锟斤拷(1)X锟斤拷Y染色锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角诧拷锟斤拷锟节碉拷位锟斤拷锟津：讹拷锟竭碉拷同源锟絕(q锟斤拷)锟轿达拷锟节碉拷位锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(2)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絲锟斤拷系锟絍锟紻锟叫傦拷(g锟斤拷)锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟酵的凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟斤拷同锟斤拷锟街弟斤拷锟矫的憋拷锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷還要“瞻前顧猴拷”锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷H锟接达拷锟侥憋拷锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(3)锟斤拷锟斤拷“锟叫猴拷锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫猴拷”锟侥革拷锟斤拷計(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟轿伙拷诔锟饺旧�锟絯锟较碉拷锟絲锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷泻锟斤拷母锟斤拷剩锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷拥母锟斤拷锟�×1/2锟斤拷锟叫猴拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥革拷锟绞ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接的革拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟轿伙拷锟斤拷锟饺旧�锟絯锟较碉拷锟絲锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷泻锟斤拷母锟斤拷剩锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷泻锟斤拷诤锟斤拷全锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫的革拷锟绞ｏ拷锟叫猴拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥革拷锟绞ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷泻锟斤拷谢锟斤拷锟斤拷母锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(4)锟絳(di锟斤拷o)锟斤拷锟絲锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟絲锟斤拷锟斤拷式锟侥凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷同

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟劫發(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟绞ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷群锟斤拷锟絊锟紺(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷{(di锟斤拷o)锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷z锟斤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷锟斤拷某锟絅锟絲锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟竭硷拷系锟斤拷锟絳(di锟斤拷o)锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(5)锟斤拷類伙拷锟斤拷M計(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟統锟斤拷锟斤拷DNA锟斤拷锟叫ｏ拷锟統锟斤拷锟斤拷類伙拷锟斤拷M锟斤拷全锟斤拷DNA锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷也锟斤拷锟斤拷24锟絣(22锟斤拷XY)染色锟絯锟较碉拷全锟斤拷DNA锟斤拷锟叫★拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷25锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絲锟斤拷變锟斤拷锟叫碉拷锟絁(r锟斤拷n)锟絉锟絗锟絕(q锟斤拷)

锟斤拷锟斤拷(1)锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟絈”锟斤拷锟絵

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟酵�源染色锟絯锟较非斤拷锟斤拷染色锟斤拷锟絯锟侥斤拷锟芥互锟絈锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节伙拷锟斤拷锟截組——锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟絈锟侥伙拷锟斤拷?y锟斤拷n)?ldquo;锟斤拷位锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷诜锟酵�源染色锟絯之锟絞锟侥伙拷锟絈锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷染色锟絯锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)變锟斤拷锟叫碉拷锟斤拷位——锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟絈锟侥伙拷锟斤拷?y锟斤拷n)?ldquo;锟角碉拷位锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(2)锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷“缺失”锟斤拷锟絵

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷DNA锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟斤拷缺失锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷染色锟絯變锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节伙拷锟斤拷锟�(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷“锟紸锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟斤拷缺失锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节伙拷锟斤拷突變锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(3)锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷變锟斤拷锟斤拷水平

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷俜锟斤拷锟剿�平锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷突變锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟截組锟斤拷锟节凤拷锟斤拷水平锟斤拷變锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节癸拷W(xu锟斤拷)锟紷微锟絉锟斤拷锟絕锟届不锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷诩锟�(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷水平锟斤拷染色锟絯變锟斤拷锟角硷拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷水平锟斤拷變锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节癸拷W(xu锟斤拷)锟紷微锟絉锟铰匡拷锟斤拷锟絕锟届到锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷26锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絅锟絕锟斤拷锟叫碉拷锟絁(r锟斤拷n)锟絉锟絗锟絕(q锟斤拷)

锟斤拷锟斤拷(1)锟絋變锟斤拷锟絅锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷呋锟斤拷锟酵蛔冿拷l锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟杰決锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷突變锟侥凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟斤拷處锟巾實(sh锟斤拷)锟�(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(2)锟轿憋拷锟絯锟斤拷锟絅锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絪锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷藥锟絰锟絯锟斤拷锟紹(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟斤拷處锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷要锟絟(hu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟斤拷處锟斤拷锟襟對革拷锟絅锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟組(j锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟今花粉伙拷伪锟斤拷w锟斤拷锟斤拷?y锟斤拷n)榛�锟桔诧拷锟斤拷锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟皆狀，锟轿憋拷锟絯植锟斤拷锟斤拷小锟斤拷锟竭度诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷也锟統锟皆憋拷锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟皆狀。

锟斤拷锟斤拷(3)锟洁倍锟絯锟斤拷锟絅锟斤拷锟斤拷處锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟矫碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)植锟疥并锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫硷拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷染色锟絯锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)目锟斤拷锟接憋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟皆憋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷染色锟絯锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)目锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(4)“锟斤拷锟絲锟斤拷”≠“锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟斤拷锟斤拷藥锟絰锟絯锟斤拷锟紹(y锟斤拷ng)≠锟轿憋拷锟絯锟斤拷锟絅锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷27锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟組(j锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟叫碉拷锟絁(r锟斤拷n)锟絉锟絗锟絕(q锟斤拷)

锟斤拷锟斤拷(1)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟組(j锟斤拷n)锟斤拷≠锟斤拷N锟斤拷锟轿筹拷

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷M(j锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟侥岋拷(sh锟斤拷)锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟角種群锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絣锟绞的革拷變锟斤拷锟斤拷N锟轿成的橈拷(bi锟斤拷o)志锟斤拷锟斤拷殖锟斤拷锟絰锟侥產(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟組(j锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟轿筹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷N锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷N锟斤拷锟轿筹拷要锟斤拷(j锟斤拷ng)锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟組(j锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟組(j锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷N锟轿成的伙拷锟紸(ch锟斤拷)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(2)锟斤拷N锟轿筹拷锟絚锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)系锟斤拷锟斤拷N锟斤拷锟轿成诧拷一锟斤拷要锟斤拷(j锟斤拷ng)锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭�锟斤拷(j锟斤拷ng)锟絕锟斤拷殖锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(3)锟斤拷同锟組(j锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷只锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷之锟絞锟斤拷同锟組(j锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷還锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟絟(hu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷之锟絞锟斤拷同锟組(j锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷28锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷(j锟斤拷ng)锟絳(di锟斤拷o)锟斤拷(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷7锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(1)锟斤拷一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷^锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷同锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絛锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷(j锟斤拷ng)锟絯锟絊锟较的傦拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷o)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(j锟斤拷ng)元之锟絞锟侥傦拷锟絝锟斤拷突锟絴锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟侥讹拷锟斤拷?z锟斤拷ng)Q锟斤拷锟斤拷該锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷r(sh锟斤拷)锟絞锟斤拷锟絃锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(2)锟斤拷锟斤拷只要锟斤拷锟戒弧锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟杰產(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴讹拷锟絰锟斤拷锟絖锟絤锟剿的刺硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥凤拷锟戒弧锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(3)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟斤拷(j锟斤拷ng)锟絯锟絊锟较碉拷锟斤拷(j锟斤拷ng)锟絖锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟皆革拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(j锟斤拷ng)锟叫樞ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷(n锟斤拷i)锟絛锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷o)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絛锟絕锟絘(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷d锟絕锟斤拷一锟剿嗭拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(d锟斤拷o)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷(j锟斤拷ng)锟絯锟絊锟斤拷锟絛锟絕锟侥傦拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷o)锟斤拷锟絧锟斤拷摹锟�

锟斤拷锟斤拷(4)突锟絴前膜锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絊突末锟剿凤拷支突锟絴小锟絯锟较碉拷膜锟轿成碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絊突末锟剿碉拷膜锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(5)锟絘(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絏≠锟斤拷煞锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷一锟叫革拷锟絏锟給一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟轿筹拷锟节达拷锟絏皮锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷a(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷路锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�→锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(j锟斤拷ng)→锟斤拷锟叫傦拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷o)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絏皮锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷見锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(j锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷效锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟杰損锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟皆可產(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絏锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(j锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷(j锟斤拷ng)锟叫橈拷锟杰損锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟轿成革拷锟絏锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(6)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫的低硷拷锟叫橈拷锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟絏皮锟斤拷”锟紷一锟竭硷拷锟叫樞碉拷锟絳(di锟斤拷o)锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(7)“锟斤拷锟絑锟叫橈拷”锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷械母呒锟斤拷袠校锟斤拷锟轿伙拷诖锟斤拷X皮锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷29锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絳(di锟斤拷o)锟斤拷(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷3锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(1)锟斤拷锟截碉拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟組锟缴硷拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟结供锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷呋锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(2)锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟阶狅拷锟劫硷拷锟截凤拷锟节減锟劫時(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角达拷锟組(j锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絏锟酵达拷锟絯锟侥凤拷锟节伙拷锟�(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷負(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絳(di锟斤拷o)锟斤拷(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟矫減锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(3)食锟斤拷缺锟斤拷r(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿曪拷(hu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷原锟斤拷锟斤拷缺锟斤拷锟斤拷杉谞锟斤拷偌锟斤拷胤锟斤拷跍p锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟劫甲狅拷锟劫硷拷锟截曪拷(hu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟洁，锟侥讹拷锟斤拷(hu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟組(j锟斤拷n)锟阶狅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絃锟斤拷锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷30锟斤拷锟斤拷記锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷W(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟�(y锟斤拷n)锟絆(sh锟斤拷)計(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷4锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)注锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(xi锟斤拷ng)

锟斤拷锟斤拷(1)锟斤拷锟节勶拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷W(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟�(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷通锟斤拷要锟絆(sh锟斤拷)锟矫空白岋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷注锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷}水锟斤拷通锟絕锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫撅拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟�(y锟斤拷n)變锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟�(y锟斤拷n)锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絘(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷影響★拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(2)锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟�(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟絰取锟街組锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷要锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絃锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷r锟斤拷同锟侥ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷B(y锟斤拷ng)锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟侥革拷锟絅锟絣锟斤拷也要一锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(3)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)類硷拷锟斤拷只锟斤拷注锟戒，锟斤拷锟杰口凤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(4)锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟�(y锟斤拷n)锟絆(sh锟斤拷)計(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷注锟解實(sh锟斤拷)锟�(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟斤拷锟教庯拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟阶狅拷锟劫硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆硷拷锟截的岋拷(sh锟斤拷)锟�(y锟斤拷n)锟絆(sh锟斤拷)計(j锟斤拷)一锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷小锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤，锟斤拷(j锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟�(y锟斤拷n)變锟斤拷處锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷^锟斤拷指锟斤拷(bi锟斤拷o)锟斤拷锟斤拷小锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷L锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷r锟斤拷