锟竭匡拷锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)40锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜知锟絉锟絚全锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟竭匡拷锟斤拷锟紾锟斤拷!

2023-11-14 18:19:16锟絎(w锟斤拷ng)锟絡(lu锟斤拷)锟紻(zhu锟斤拷n)锟絛

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟竭匡拷锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟阶筹拷锟絜锟斤拷锟斤拷锟杰夛拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷小锟斤拷锟給锟斤拷曳锟斤拷锟揭伙拷赂呖锟斤拷锟斤拷W(xu锟斤拷)40锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜知锟絉锟絚一锟絒锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷覐锟�(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)知锟絉锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷锟絖锟紷些锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节匡拷試锟斤拷锟劫筹拷锟絜锟斤拷锟矫高凤拷!

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟絚1

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟絗锟斤拷锟絁锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟角非斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟角堿锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟角斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角兩種锟斤拷同锟侥凤拷類凤拷式锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤不一锟斤拷锟角非斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷CrO3锟斤拷Mn2O7锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷;锟角斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤不一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷CO锟斤拷NO锟斤拷NO2锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紸锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟角斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤，锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤不一锟斤拷锟角堿锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷Al2O3锟角冿拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤，CrO3锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟絚2

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟絗锟斤拷锟絁锟斤拷锟絲锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷電荷★拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絲锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷缘锟�锟斤拷只锟斤拷锟絲锟絯锟斤拷锟接硷拷锟絲锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷電荷ｏ拷锟斤拷锟揭诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絲锟絯锟斤拷锟接讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷電猴拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷z锟絯锟斤拷锟接诧拷锟斤拷電猴拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟絚3

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟絗锟斤拷锟絁锟斤拷锟叫伙拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟絀锟斤拷锟狡壞碉拷變锟斤拷锟絕锟教撅拷锟角伙拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)變锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)變锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷微锟絕锟角度匡拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絝锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟絀锟侥旓拷锟窖猴拷锟铰伙拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟絀锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷只锟叫伙拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟絀锟斤拷锟窖伙拷只锟叫伙拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟絀锟斤拷锟缴碉拷锟絕锟教诧拷锟角伙拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)變锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟饺伙拷锟絚锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟絩锟狡夛拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫碉拷锟絰锟斤拷锟絀锟斤拷锟絰锟接撅拷锟絯锟酵斤拷锟劫撅拷锟絯锟斤拷锟桔伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷锟狡夛拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫的伙拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟絀锟斤拷锟斤拷飽猴拷锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷锟轿筹拷锟剿伙拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟絀锟斤拷锟紷些锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷變锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟絚4

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟絗锟斤拷锟絁锟斤拷同锟絅元锟截的嗭拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟絞锟斤拷锟紻(zhu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷變锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷同锟絅元锟截的诧拷同锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)(锟斤拷O2锟斤拷O3锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷石锟斤拷石墨)锟角诧拷同锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟洁互之锟絞锟斤拷锟紻(zhu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角伙拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)變锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟絚5

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟絗锟斤拷锟絁锟斤拷锟斤拷w摩锟斤拷锟絯锟絜锟斤拷锟斤拷22.4L·mol-1

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角诧拷同锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯摩锟斤拷锟絯锟絜锟斤拷锟斤拷1mol锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟絣锟斤拷锟斤拷占锟叫碉拷锟絯锟絜锟斤拷锟节橈拷(bi锟斤拷o)锟绞狅拷r锟铰烇拷22.4L锟斤拷锟节非橈拷(bi锟斤拷o)锟绞狅拷r锟铰匡拷锟斤拷锟斤拷22.4L锟斤拷也锟斤拷锟杰诧拷锟斤拷22.4L

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟絚6

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷使锟矫氾拷锟絯摩锟斤拷锟絯锟絜锟津阿凤拷锟接碉拷锟絖锟斤拷锟缴時锟斤拷視锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟侥狅拷B(t锟斤拷i)锟斤拷使锟矫條锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯摩锟斤拷锟絯锟絜锟津阿凤拷锟接碉拷锟絖锟斤拷锟斤拷只锟絤锟斤拷锟节氾拷锟絯锟絯系锟斤拷锟饺匡拷锟斤拷锟角硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷也锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角伙拷蠚锟斤拷w锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节癸拷锟絯锟斤拷液锟絯锟斤拷锟絤锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯摩锟斤拷锟絯锟絜锟节戯拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟节氾拷锟絯計锟斤拷r锟斤拷要注锟斤拷锟节橈拷(bi锟斤拷o)锟绞狅拷r锟铰诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷22.4L·mol-1

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟絚7

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷計锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷葧r锟絜锟絗锟截戯拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟杰勶拷锟斤拷锟絯锟絜锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷潜锟绞撅拷锟揭猴拷M锟缴碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(bi锟斤拷o)锟斤拷锟角嗭拷位锟絯锟絜锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接嬶拷锟斤拷锟斤拷|(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷葧r锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟絯锟絜锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟杰勶拷锟斤拷锟絯锟絜锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟絚8

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟組锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷群锟斤拷锟斤拷|(zh锟斤拷)锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟街旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟侥換锟斤拷r锟斤拷锟斤拷視锟斤拷液锟絯锟絜锟侥嗭拷位锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷群锟斤拷锟斤拷|(zh锟斤拷)锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟街旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟侥換锟斤拷r锟斤拷要锟矫碉拷锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟杰讹拷锟斤拷通锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷鹊膯锟轿伙拷锟絤ol·L-1锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟杰度的嗭拷位锟斤拷g·cm-3锟斤拷锟斤拷锟組锟叫換锟斤拷r锟斤拷锟阶猴拷視锟絯锟絜锟斤拷位锟侥诧拷一锟铰★拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟絚9

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷SO2锟斤拷CO2锟斤拷NH3锟斤拷Cl2锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟絩锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟杰夛拷?q锟斤拷)锟诫姡锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟絗锟斤拷锟絁锟斤拷SO2锟斤拷CO2锟斤拷NH3锟斤拷Cl2锟饺岋拷锟斤拷電斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(1)電斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟酵凤拷電斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟叫撅拷锟侥凤拷锟斤拷锟角伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟酵伙拷锟斤拷锟饺诧拷锟斤拷電斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)也锟斤拷锟角凤拷電斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(2)電斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷腔锟斤拷锟斤拷锉撅拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟接ｏ拷锟斤拷t锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟斤拷液锟侥岋拷(d锟斤拷o)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷袛锟斤拷锟斤拷欠锟斤拷锟诫娊锟斤拷|(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷SO2锟斤拷CO2锟斤拷NH3锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟絩之锟斤拷锟斤拷锟杰夛拷?q锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷c水锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟剿凤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷電斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟侥撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟絚10

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟絗锟斤拷锟絁锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟斤拷(d锟斤拷o)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟诫娊锟斤拷|(zh锟斤拷)锟介強電斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷電斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟侥忥拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷液锟侥岋拷(d锟斤拷o)锟斤拷詮锟斤拷锟斤拷]锟叫憋拷然锟斤拷聯(li锟斤拷n)系锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷o)锟斤拷缘膹锟斤拷锟斤拷c锟斤拷液锟叫碉拷锟絰锟接濓拷却锟叫★拷锟斤拷x锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷電荷旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n);锟斤拷電斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟侥忥拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟教度的达拷小锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟絚11

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟絗锟斤拷锟絁锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟矫碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷訑锟�(sh锟斤拷)越锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷越锟斤拷;還原锟斤拷失去锟斤拷锟斤拷訑锟�(sh锟斤拷)越锟斤拷锟斤拷還原锟斤拷锟斤拷還原锟斤拷锟斤拷越锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆的忥拷锟斤拷锟斤拷指锟斤拷锟斤拷拥锟斤拷y锟阶程讹拷锟斤拷越锟斤拷锟阶碉拷锟斤拷蛹锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷拥臄锟�(sh锟斤拷)目锟給锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷同锟斤拷還原锟斤拷锟斤拷還原锟皆忥拷锟斤拷锟絚失锟斤拷拥锟斤拷y锟阶程讹拷锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟絚失锟斤拷拥臄锟�(sh锟斤拷)目锟給锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟絚12

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟絗锟絁锟斤拷同锟絅元锟截碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絩锟紹(t锟斤拷i)一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷同锟絅元锟截碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絩锟紹(t锟斤拷i)之锟絞锟斤拷锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷還原锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟杰發(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷(f锟斤拷)锟街解反锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷Na2SO3+H2SO4===Na2SO4+SO2↑+H2O锟斤拷锟剿凤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷H2SO4锟斤拷锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟絚13

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟絗锟斤拷锟絁锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫碉拷原锟接讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷雍锟斤拷锟斤拷訕锟�(g锟斤拷u)锟缴碉拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫碉拷原锟斤拷锟叫讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟接猴拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角诧拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接ｏ拷锟斤拷1(1)H原锟斤拷锟叫就诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟絚14

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟絗锟斤拷锟絁锟斤拷元锟截的種類旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟絚原锟接的種類旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(1)同一锟絅元锟截匡拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟侥诧拷同锟斤拷锟叫诧拷同锟侥猴拷锟斤拷(原锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆拷拥姆N類旓拷(sh锟斤拷)要锟斤拷锟斤拷元锟截的種類旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(2)锟斤拷锟斤拷也锟叫碉拷元锟斤拷只锟斤拷一锟絅锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷Na锟斤拷F锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟絚15

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟絗锟斤拷锟絁锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷2锟斤拷原锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟角斤拷锟斤拷原锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷2锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷元锟斤拷锟斤拷H锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节非斤拷锟斤拷元锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟絚16

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟絗锟斤拷锟絁锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟絀锟侥岋拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟接碉拷锟給锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷谩锟�

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟絀锟侥岋拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟接碉拷锟給锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟給锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷o锟斤拷懦锟缴種锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟絀锟斤拷锟紷锟缴種锟斤拷锟矫綜锟较碉拷(平锟斤拷)锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟絚17

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟絗锟斤拷锟絁锟介含锟叫癸拷锟絩锟絀锟侥伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟角癸拷锟絩锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(1)只锟斤拷锟叫癸拷锟絩锟絀锟侥伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷芊Q锟介共锟絩锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷;

锟斤拷锟斤拷(2)锟絰锟接伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷也锟斤拷锟皆猴拷锟叫癸拷锟絩锟絀锟斤拷锟斤拷Na2O2锟叫猴拷锟叫非極锟皆癸拷锟絩锟絀锟斤拷NaOH锟叫猴拷锟叫極锟皆癸拷锟絩锟絀锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟絚18

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟絗锟斤拷锟絁锟斤拷锟斤拷锟襟壓忥拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟襟化學(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(1)锟斤拷锟斤拷只锟叫癸拷锟絯锟斤拷液锟絯锟斤拷锟接的凤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟絯系锟斤拷锟斤拷锟襟壓忥拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟绞诧拷變锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(2)锟斤拷锟节猴拷睾锟斤拷輻l锟斤拷锟侥氾拷B(t锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)之锟絞锟侥凤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯系锟叫筹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷詺锟斤拷w锟斤拷锟絯系锟侥夛拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节革拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟侥濓拷葲]锟叫革拷變锟斤拷锟绞凤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟绞诧拷變锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(3)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟绞碉拷影響憋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷B(t锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟侥濓拷鹊母锟阶冿拷锟斤拷锟接绊懛锟斤拷锟�(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟絚19

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟絗锟斤拷锟絁锟斤拷平锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡動ｏ拷平锟解常锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟酵曪拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷平锟解常锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)K只锟絚锟截讹拷锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷只锟叫革拷變锟截讹拷使平锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡動時锟斤拷平锟解常锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟脚曪拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷變锟斤拷群蛪锟斤拷锟绞蛊斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷苿訒r锟斤拷平锟解常锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷變锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟絚20

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟絗锟斤拷锟絁锟斤拷艧岱达拷锟�(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆發(f锟斤拷)锟組锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟杰凤拷锟皆發(f锟斤拷)锟組锟叫碉拷锟叫擄拷(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷ΔG=ΔH-TΔS锟斤拷锟紿锟斤拷锟斤拷變锟斤拷锟斤拷變锟叫斷反锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟組锟叫的凤拷锟斤拷锟角诧拷锟绞確锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟絚21

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟絗锟絁锟斤拷锟轿猴拷锟斤拷r锟斤拷锟斤拷c(H+)锟斤拷c(OH-)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷通锟絕KW=1×10-14锟組锟叫換锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷KW锟絚锟截讹拷锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷25锟斤拷rKW=1×10-14锟斤拷锟斤拷锟截讹拷變锟斤拷锟絩KW變锟斤拷锟斤拷c(H+)锟斤拷c(OH-)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷通锟絕KW=1×10-14锟組锟叫換锟姐。

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟絚22

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟絗锟絁锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷A锟皆诧拷同锟絩锟斤拷水锟斤拷x锟斤拷锟斤拷c(OH-)锟斤拷c(H+)也锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟斤拷锟斤拷式H2O==OH-+H+锟斤拷知锟斤拷锟轿猴拷水锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟斤拷x锟斤拷锟斤拷c(OH-)锟斤拷c(H+)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷鹊锟�锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷A锟皆無锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟絚23

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟结、锟紸锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷液锟叫ｏ拷c(OH-)锟斤拷c(H+)锟侥侊拷源锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(1)锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷c(OH-)水锟斤拷x=c(OH-)锟斤拷液;

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紸锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷c(H+)水锟斤拷x=c(H+)锟斤拷液锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(2)锟絵锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟介強锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紸锟絵锟斤拷c(H+)水锟斤拷x=c(H+)锟斤拷液;

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟介強锟紸锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷c(OH-)水锟斤拷x=c(OH-)锟斤拷液锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟絚24

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟絗锟絁锟斤拷只要Ksp越锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟杰斤拷染蜁锟皆斤拷锟�

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷Ksp锟斤拷锟杰斤拷榷锟斤拷锟斤拷脕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷y锟斤拷電斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟杰斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷只锟斤拷同锟絅锟斤拷偷锟斤拷y锟斤拷電斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷直锟斤拷锟斤拷Ksp锟侥达拷小锟斤拷锟叫旓拷锟斤拷锟杰斤拷鹊拇锟叫�;锟斤拷锟角诧拷同锟斤拷锟斤拷停锟斤拷锟揭嬶拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷锟杰斤拷炔锟斤拷鼙锟斤拷^锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟絚25

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟絗锟斤拷锟絁锟斤拷原電池的兩傦拷電極锟叫ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絕锟筋潑锟侥斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷負锟絆锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫旓拷原電池碉拷電極要锟斤拷锟斤拷(j锟斤拷)電極锟斤拷锟较猴拷電斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷液锟侥撅拷锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷負锟絆锟斤拷锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷還原锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絆锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷Mg—Al—稀H2SO4锟組锟缴碉拷原電筹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷Mg锟斤拷負锟絆锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷Mg—Al—NaOH锟斤拷液锟組锟缴碉拷原電筹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷Al锟斤拷負锟絆锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紸l锟斤拷锟絚NaOH锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷Mg锟斤拷锟絚NaOH锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟絚26

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷電斤拷食锟絵水锟斤拷锟絙锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟絗锟斤拷锟絁锟斤拷陽極锟絕(q锟斤拷)锟紷锟紸锟皆★拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷電斤拷食锟絵水锟絩锟斤拷陰極H+锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紿2锟斤拷使水锟斤拷锟斤拷x平锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡動ｏ拷OH-锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷陰極锟絕(q锟斤拷)锟紷锟紸锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟絚27

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟絗锟斤拷锟絁锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷燃锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷Na2O2锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絤锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷燃锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷Na2O

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷姆锟斤拷锟�(y锟斤拷ng)锟絘(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟絣锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷露锟节空氾拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷Na2O锟斤拷锟节空氾拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟饺硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絅a2O2

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟絚28

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟絗锟斤拷锟絁锟斤拷锟絞锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角诧拷锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)變锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絏锟斤拷锟紽锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷锟结、锟斤拷锟斤拷锟结不锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絞锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷臐锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絏锟斤拷锟紽锟饺斤拷锟劫的憋拷锟斤拷锟轿筹拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟杰碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷膜锟斤拷锟斤拷止锟剿凤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟組一锟斤拷锟組锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷訜锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥わ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷茐模锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(y锟斤拷ng)锟酵曪拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟組锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絞锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷l(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)變锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷;锟絏锟斤拷锟紽锟饺斤拷锟斤拷只锟斤拷锟斤拷臐锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫發(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絞锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接燂拷r锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭凤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟絚29

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟絗锟斤拷锟絁锟介，锟斤拷锟劫碉拷還原锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷元锟斤拷锟节伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫的伙拷锟较價锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节伙拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟劫碉拷還原锟皆忥拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷失去锟斤拷拥锟斤拷y锟阶程讹拷锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟絚失去锟斤拷拥臄锟�(sh锟斤拷)目锟給锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟较價锟給锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷

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锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟絗锟斤拷锟絁锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷愿锟斤拷i锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭喝ワ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷械锟斤拷锟较╋拷锟�

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷烯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆革拷锟絠锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絘(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟绞诧拷锟斤拷锟絖锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絪目锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷脡A石锟斤拷處锟斤拷锟斤拷

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锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟絗锟斤拷锟絁锟介苯锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟绞冿拷锟竭伙拷虾锟給锟斤拷锟紷锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絤然锟斤拷锟竭诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷取水锟叫碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞匡拷锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟缴冿拷\锟斤拷锟斤拷去锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷變?y锟斤拷u)锟饺紅色锟斤拷

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锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟絗锟斤拷锟絁锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆革拷锟絠锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭猴拷锟斤拷猿锟饺ワ拷锟斤拷械募妆锟�锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟阶憋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴憋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节憋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟統锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟矫氾拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷液使锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紻(zhu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟侥憋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷然锟斤拷锟揭猴拷锟�

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锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟絗锟斤拷锟絁锟介苯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆憋拷碳锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞憋拷锟接诧拷锟斤拷锟絚碳锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接碉拷锟斤拷x锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絤锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絪锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟接忥拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴忥拷(f锟斤拷)锟街斤拷規(gu锟斤拷)锟缴匡拷知锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接猴拷碳锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷液锟杰凤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟缴憋拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟斤拷c锟斤拷

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锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟絗锟斤拷锟絁锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷去锟斤拷锟叫的憋拷锟接匡拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟劫帮拷锟斤拷锟缴的筹拷锟斤拷锟絕锟絍锟斤拷去锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷妆锟斤拷锟饺★拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴碉拷锟斤拷锟藉苯锟斤拷锟絤锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟絪锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节憋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆诧拷锟斤拷锟絖锟斤拷目锟侥★拷

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锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟絗锟斤拷锟絁锟斤拷锟杰發(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟統锟絉锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟叫機锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷醛锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷某锟斤拷锟缴發(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟統锟絉锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷醛锟斤拷

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锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟絗锟斤拷锟絁锟斤拷锟斤拷脂锟角高凤拷锟接伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟竭凤拷锟接伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫兩傦拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟杰达拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷f锟斤拷锟阶帮拷锟絝;锟斤拷锟角高凤拷锟接伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷母锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷拥锟絥值锟斤拷同锟斤拷锟給锟教讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷脂锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟角固讹拷锟侥ｏ拷一锟斤拷锟节幾百凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟斤拷脂锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节高凤拷锟接伙拷锟斤拷锟斤。

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锟斤拷锟斤拷使锟斤拷試锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷瓶锟接燂拷液锟絯锟絩锟斤拷锟斤拷視锟斤拷液锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟絯锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷試锟杰加燂拷液锟絯锟絩锟斤拷液锟絯锟斤拷锟杰筹拷锟絕試锟斤拷锟捷積锟斤拷1/3锟斤拷锟矫燂拷瓶锟接燂拷液锟絯锟絩锟斤拷液锟絯锟斤拷锟杰筹拷锟絕锟斤拷瓶锟捷積锟斤拷1/2锟斤拷

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锟斤拷锟斤拷使锟斤拷锟叫盤锟斤拷平锟絈锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯藥品锟絩锟斤拷記锟絜藥品锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絘位锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絈锟斤拷NaOH锟斤拷锟絯锟絩锟斤拷锟絗锟斤拷藥品锟斤拷锟节硷拷锟较★拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫盤锟斤拷平锟絈锟斤拷藥品锟絩锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭碼锟斤拷锟絈锟斤拷NaOH锟斤拷锟絯锟絩锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷NaOH锟斤拷锟斤拷小锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟斤拷诜Q锟斤拷瓶锟斤拷(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷

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锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷筒锟酵滴讹拷锟杰的刻讹拷锟絆(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷視锟斤拷視锟絰锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟絩锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絗锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷e锟絗锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷筒锟給“0”锟教讹拷锟斤拷锟揭刻讹拷值锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟襟，滴讹拷锟杰碉拷“0”锟教讹拷锟斤拷锟较讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷潭葧r锟斤拷同锟斤拷失锟絗锟斤拷锟絗锟斤拷锟洁反锟斤拷

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锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷試锟斤拷锟斤拷使锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟斤拷锟統pH锟絩锟絗锟斤拷pH試锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絪水锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷使锟斤拷石锟斤拷試锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷KI試锟斤拷锟絩要锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絪水锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷