锟斤拷锟叫伙拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絜(cu锟斤拷)知锟絉(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟結(ji锟斤拷) 锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷全锟斤拷知锟絉(sh锟斤拷)锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟絯锟絳

锟斤拷(du锟斤拷)锟节伙拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟侥學(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟矫碉拷锟斤拷锟絕锟竭的凤拷?j锟斤拷n)?sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷一些锟斤拷锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟斤拷知锟絉(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜(cu锟斤拷)锟斤拷知锟絉(sh锟斤拷)全锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷锟接诧拷锟杰夛拷讓锟揭傦拷锟組锟斤拷锟斤拷失锟街ｏ拷小锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一些锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟叫伙拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜(cu锟斤拷)知锟絉(sh锟斤拷)锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟絯锟絳

1锟斤拷锟斤拷元锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷w锟角庯拷元锟结看锟斤拷锟斤拷H锟侥傦拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)

锟斤拷元锟结究锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟斤拷锟劫傦拷(g锟斤拷)H+锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟斤拷锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)锟斤拷锟叫讹拷锟劫傦拷(g锟斤拷)锟絬锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絬锟斤拷锟侥氾拷锟角诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟斤拷锟斤拷(l锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界亞锟斤拷锟斤拷(H3PO3)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷去锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)H锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷元锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)锟叫ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)H锟斤拷一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)O锟街別锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷原锟斤拷直锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紹锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)锟斤拷锟絬锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)锟斤拷锟絬锟斤拷锟斤拷O锟斤拷H只锟叫兩傦拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紿3PO3锟角讹拷元锟结。锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)然锟斤拷锟叫碉拷還要锟斤拷锟絔锟絜锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷路锟斤拷斯锟斤拷H3BO3锟酵诧拷锟斤拷锟缴此侊拷(l锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷

2锟斤拷锟斤拷式锟絵锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟较匡拷锟斤拷“锟斤拷”式锟絵锟斤拷液锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)然锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟戒實(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷然锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷式锟絵锟斤拷什么锟皆ｏ拷要锟斤拷锟斤拷r討論锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷@锟角忥拷(qi锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞斤拷}锟斤拷锟斤拷?y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟剿达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷H+锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟接诧拷水锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆忥拷(qi锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞斤拷}锟斤拷液一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞斤拷}锟斤拷锟絫要锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟斤拷H+锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟斤拷水锟斤拷某潭锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟接碉拷水锟斤拷潭锟斤拷^锟斤拷(锟斤拷NaHCO3)锟斤拷锟絫锟斤拷液锟绞堿锟斤拷;锟斤拷锟絕(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷(l锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟斤拷H+锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷(qi锟斤拷ng)(锟斤拷NaH2PO4)锟斤拷锟絫锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

3锟斤拷H2SO4锟叫忥拷(qi锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟紷么锟絝(shu锟斤拷)锟酵诧拷锟斤拷(du锟斤拷)锟斤拷只要锟斤拷前邊锟斤拷一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)“锟斤拷”锟街就岋拷(du锟斤拷)锟剿★拷锟斤拷H2SO4锟皆凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟侥凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷H2SO4锟叫碉拷S+6锟阶得碉拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫忥拷(qi锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷稀H2SO4(锟斤拷SO42-)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆幾猴拷锟絔(m锟斤拷i)锟斤拷(锟紹H2S也锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷H2SO3(锟斤拷SO32-)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷還锟斤拷锟矫讹拷锟斤拷锟紷也锟絯锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟剿低價(ji锟斤拷)锟紹(t锟斤拷i)锟角斤拷锟劫的猴拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷员雀邇r(ji锟斤拷)锟紹(t锟斤拷i)锟侥忥拷(qi锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷HClO锟絚HClO4锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆忥拷(qi锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絕一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絝(shu锟斤拷)H2SO4锟叫忥拷(qi锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆時(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷須囷拷(y锟斤拷n)謹(j锟斤拷n)锟斤拷前锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�“锟斤拷”锟斤拷锟斤拷

4锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷(xi锟斤拷)锟絰锟接凤拷锟斤拷式锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絔锟絘(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷之锟絞锟侥凤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)

锟侥斤拷锟絵锟劫度角度匡拷锟絔锟斤拷锟叫旓拷锟絰锟接凤拷锟斤拷式锟侥曪拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷(xi锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絗锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷“锟侥匡拷”:一锟斤拷锟絘(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟角凤拷锟斤拷锟絖;锟斤拷锟斤拷電猴拷锟角凤拷锟截猴拷;锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷欠锟斤拷锟斤拷;锟侥匡拷锟角凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷}目锟斤拷锟狡的條锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥斤拷锟絵思锟絊锟斤拷锟斤拷瓤锟斤拷]锟斤拷锟斤拷聯(li锟斤拷n)系锟斤拷锟斤拷還原锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷(f锟斤拷)锟街解反锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟饺伙拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)原锟斤拷锟�(l锟斤拷i)锟紺锟斤拷锟叫旓拷a(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷某煞帧锟斤拷袑W(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟酵凤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟酵價(ji锟斤拷)锟紹(t锟斤拷i)锟紽锟侥伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷})锟絚锟斤拷锟结反锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng);锟紽锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟絚锟斤拷锟结反锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng);+3锟紽锟侥伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚還原锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷饣�锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟侥凤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟饺★拷

5锟斤拷锟斤拷視锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷(du锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥凤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟结純锟斤拷(du锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)原锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷木锟斤拷w要锟斤拷锟角ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)要锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷^(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷試锟斤拷锟絖锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絪锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟組锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟皆囷拷锟斤拷炔锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷s锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷要锟阶筹拷去锟斤拷

6锟斤拷計(j锟斤拷)锟姐反锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷r(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷視锟斤拷锟絯锟侥結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)

計(j锟斤拷)锟姐反锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷r(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟阶猴拷視锟斤拷锟絯锟侥結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)锟斤拷锟叫學(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷計(j锟斤拷)锟姐共锟絩(ji锟斤拷)锟絀锟斤拷原锟接撅拷锟絯锟斤拷1 mol锟斤拷锟斤拷石锟斤拷2 mol 碳碳锟絀锟斤拷1 mol锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟借含4 mol锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絀锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接撅拷锟絯锟斤拷1 mol锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絩(ji锟斤拷)锟絀锟斤拷锟斤拷1 mol锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷雍锟斤拷锟�6 mol碳?x锟斤拷)锟斤拷I锟斤拷1 mol碳碳锟絀锟斤拷

7锟斤拷锟斤拷(du锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟杰斤拷锟揭�(gu锟斤拷)锟缴帮拷锟秸诧拷锟斤拷(zh锟斤拷n)

锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟杰斤拷锟阶冿拷锟揭�(gu锟斤拷)锟缴凤拷锟斤拷類ｏ拷锟斤拷一锟�锟斤拷锟截讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟杰斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟饺伙拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷鉀碉拷;锟节讹拷锟�锟斤拷锟截讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟杰斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接的程讹拷小锟斤拷锟斤拷锟饺伙拷锟絚;锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟截讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟杰斤拷葴p小锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷w锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷些锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷(du锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷锟杰斤拷锟斤拷c锟截度碉拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)系锟斤拷锟解不锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟叫伙拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絚(di锟斤拷n)知锟絉(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟結(ji锟斤拷)

一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接碉拷锟絖锟斤拷锟斤拷

1.锟斤拷(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷

锟斤拷同锟斤拷同锟斤拷锟铰ｏ拷同锟絯锟絜锟侥氾拷锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷同锟侥凤拷锟接旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷“锟斤拷同”锟斤拷“一同”锟斤拷

2.锟斤拷論

(1)同锟斤拷同锟斤拷锟铰ｏ拷V1/V2=n1/n2

(2)同锟斤拷同锟絯锟絜锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷p1/p2=n1/n2=N1/N2

(3)同锟斤拷同锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷V1/V2=M2/M1

(4)同锟斤拷同锟斤拷同锟絯锟絜锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷M1/M2=ρ1/ρ2

注锟解：

锟劫帮拷锟斤拷锟接碉拷锟絖锟斤拷锟斤拷也锟絤锟斤拷锟节诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟侥伙拷蠚锟斤拷w锟斤拷

锟斤拷使锟矫氾拷B(t锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟斤拷PV=nRT锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷論锟斤拷

3.锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接碉拷锟絖锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟紷锟斤拷}锟侥解法

锟劫狅拷r锟絣锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷w锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷(j锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟給锟角橈拷(bi锟斤拷o)锟斤拷(zh锟斤拷n)锟斤拷r锟界常锟截筹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷1.01×105Pa锟斤拷25锟斤拷r(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷B(t锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷w摩锟斤拷锟絯锟絜锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节橈拷(bi锟斤拷o)锟斤拷(zh锟斤拷n)锟斤拷r锟铰非氾拷B(t锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷(l锟斤拷i)锟皆伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷H2O锟斤拷SO3锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷CHCl3锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)锟酵撅拷锟絯锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟叫猴拷锟叫讹拷锟斤拷微锟斤拷(锟斤拷锟接★拷原锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟接★拷锟斤拷锟接碉拷)锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟芥及希锟叫氾拷锟絯He锟斤拷Ne锟饺烇拷锟皆�锟接組锟缴猴拷锟絲锟絯锟斤拷锟接ｏ拷Cl2锟斤拷N2锟斤拷O2锟斤拷H2锟斤拷锟絧原锟接凤拷锟接碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)锟斤拷P4锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷石锟斤拷石墨锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷冉Y(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟接癸拷锟斤拷

1.锟斤拷锟节發(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷(f锟斤拷)锟街解反锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟絰锟接诧拷锟杰达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

(1)锟叫氾拷锟絯锟絘(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷CO32-锟斤拷SO32-锟斤拷S2-锟斤拷HCO3-锟斤拷HSO3-锟斤拷HS-锟斤拷锟阶揮锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚H+锟斤拷锟杰达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟芥。

(2)锟叫筹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷Ba2+锟斤拷Ca2+锟斤拷Mg2+锟斤拷Ag+锟饺诧拷锟斤拷锟絚SO42-锟斤拷CO32-锟饺达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷;Mg2+锟斤拷Fe2+锟斤拷Ag+锟斤拷Al3+锟斤拷Zn2+锟斤拷Cu2+锟斤拷Fe3+锟饺诧拷锟斤拷锟絚OH-锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷;Pb2+锟絚Cl-锟斤拷F(xi锟斤拷n)e2+锟絚S2-锟斤拷Ca2+锟絚PO43-锟斤拷Ag+锟絚I-锟斤拷锟杰达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

(3)锟斤拷锟斤拷電斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟缴★拷

锟斤拷OH-锟斤拷CH3COO-锟斤拷PO43-锟斤拷HPO42-锟斤拷H2PO4-锟斤拷F-锟斤拷ClO-锟斤拷AlO2-锟斤拷SiO32-锟斤拷CN-锟斤拷C17H35COO-锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚H+锟斤拷锟杰达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷;一些锟斤拷式锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紿CO3-锟斤拷HPO42-锟斤拷HS-锟斤拷H2PO4-锟斤拷HSO3-锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚OH-锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷;NH4+锟絚OH-锟斤拷锟杰达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟芥。

(4)一些锟斤拷锟阶發(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟叫的达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫條锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷AlO2-锟斤拷S2-锟斤拷CO32-锟斤拷C6H5O-锟饺憋拷锟斤拷趬A锟皆條锟斤拷锟铰诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟叫达拷锟斤拷;锟斤拷Fe3+锟斤拷Al3+锟饺憋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷詶l锟斤拷锟铰诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟叫达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟接诧拷锟斤拷同锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷同一锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟絞锟杰發(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷“锟絧水锟斤拷”锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷3AlO2-+3Al3++6H2O=4Al(OH)3↓锟斤拷锟斤拷

2.锟斤拷锟节發(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷還原锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟絰锟接诧拷锟杰达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

(1)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷(qi锟斤拷ng)還原锟皆碉拷锟絰锟接诧拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷(qi锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆碉拷锟絰锟接达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷S2-锟斤拷HS-锟斤拷SO32-锟斤拷I-锟斤拷Fe3+锟斤拷锟杰达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

(2)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆伙拷A锟皆的斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节發(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷還原锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟杰达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟芥。锟斤拷MnO4-锟斤拷Cr2O7-锟斤拷NO3-锟斤拷ClO-锟絚S2-锟斤拷HS-锟斤拷SO32-锟斤拷HSO3-锟斤拷I-锟斤拷Fe2+锟饺诧拷锟杰达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷;SO32-锟斤拷S2-锟节堿锟皆條锟斤拷锟铰匡拷锟皆癸拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆條锟斤拷锟铰則锟斤拷锟节發(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷2S2-+SO32-+6H+=3S↓+3H2O锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟杰癸拷锟斤拷锟斤拷H+锟絚S2O32-锟斤拷锟杰达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

3.锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟絰锟接革拷锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟斤拷液锟叫诧拷锟杰达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(锟絧水锟斤拷)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷Al3+锟斤拷HCO3-锟斤拷CO32-锟斤拷HS-锟斤拷S2-锟斤拷AlO2-锟斤拷ClO-锟斤拷;Fe3+锟絚CO32-锟斤拷HCO3-锟斤拷AlO2-锟斤拷ClO-锟饺诧拷锟杰达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟芥。

4.锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟杰發(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絡(lu锟斤拷)锟较凤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟絰锟接诧拷锟杰达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷Fe3+锟絚SCN-锟斤拷锟杰达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷;

5.锟斤拷锟絵锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)注锟斤拷锟絵锟叫給锟斤拷锟侥革拷锟接條锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷液(H+)锟斤拷锟紸锟斤拷锟斤拷液(OH-)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节硷拷锟斤拷锟絏锟桔猴拷懦锟斤拷锟饺�?x锟斤拷)锟斤拷w锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟斤拷x锟斤拷锟斤拷H+锟斤拷OH-=1×10-10mol/L锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷色锟絰锟斤拷MnO4-,Fe3+,Fe2+,Cu2+锟斤拷

锟斤拷MnO4-,NO3-锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆條锟斤拷锟铰撅拷锟叫忥拷(qi锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷S2O32-锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆條锟斤拷锟铰發(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷還原锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷S2O32-+2H+=S↓+SO2↑+H2O

锟斤拷注锟斤拷锟絵目要锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷”還锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟杰达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟斤拷

6.锟斤拷锟絵锟絩(sh锟斤拷)還锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟截別注锟斤拷锟斤拷锟铰庯拷锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟斤拷

(1)注锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆岋拷(du锟斤拷)锟絰锟斤拷锟絞锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷還原锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷影锟�锟斤拷锟界：Fe2+锟絚NO3-锟杰癸拷锟芥，锟斤拷锟节忥拷(qi锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟皆條锟斤拷锟斤拷(锟斤拷Fe2+锟斤拷NO3-锟斤拷H+锟斤拷锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟杰癸拷锟斤拷;MnO4-锟絚Cl-锟节忥拷(qi锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟皆條锟斤拷锟斤拷也锟斤拷锟杰癸拷锟斤拷;S2-锟絚SO32-锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷}锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟缴癸拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆條锟斤拷锟铰則锟斤拷锟杰癸拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

(2)锟斤拷式锟絵锟侥猴拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟接诧拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷(qi锟斤拷ng)锟紸(OH-)锟斤拷锟斤拷(qi锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷(H+)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷HCO3-+OH-=CO32-+H2O(HCO3-锟斤拷锟紸锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟組(j锟斤拷n)一锟斤拷锟斤拷x);HCO3-+H+=CO2↑+H2O

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟接凤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷(xi锟斤拷)锟侥伙拷锟斤拷規(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷要锟斤拷

(1)锟斤拷锟铰岋拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絰锟接凤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)要锟斤拷锟较匡拷锟絕锟铰岋拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷a(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤及锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷

(2)式锟斤拷锟絖锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)式锟絚锟絰锟接凤拷號(h锟斤拷o)使锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絖锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

(3)號(h锟斤拷o)锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟紿锟斤拷“=”“ ”“→”“↑”“↓”锟饺凤拷號(h锟斤拷o)锟斤拷锟较岋拷(sh锟斤拷)锟紿锟斤拷

(4)锟斤拷锟截恒：锟斤拷邊原锟接旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷電荷旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷睾锟�(锟斤拷锟斤拷還原锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟絰锟接凤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷涌锟斤拷锟�(sh锟斤拷)锟絚還原锟斤拷失锟斤拷涌锟斤拷锟�(sh锟斤拷)要锟斤拷锟�)锟斤拷

(5)锟斤拷锟斤拷停锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟酵ｏ拷注锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絕(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

(6)锟絲锟介細(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟较曪拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷(xi锟斤拷)锟絰锟接凤拷锟斤拷式锟絕(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟阶筹拷锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟絜(cu锟斤拷)锟絗锟斤拷锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟侥檢锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆★拷還原锟皆忥拷(qi锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫旓拷

(1)锟斤拷锟斤拷(j锟斤拷)元锟截的伙拷锟较價(ji锟斤拷)

锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷元锟截撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷邇r(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷該元锟斤拷只锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷;锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷元锟截撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷蛢r(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷該元锟斤拷只锟斤拷還原锟斤拷;锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷元锟截撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絞锟絩(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷該元锟截硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷還原锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(du锟斤拷)锟斤拷同一锟絅元锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絩(ji锟斤拷)锟紹(t锟斤拷i)越锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆撅拷越锟斤拷(qi锟斤拷ng);锟絩(ji锟斤拷)锟紹(t锟斤拷i)越锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷還原锟皆撅拷越锟斤拷(qi锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷

(2)锟斤拷锟斤拷(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷還原锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷式

锟斤拷同一锟斤拷锟斤拷還原锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟叫ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷>锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絘(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷

還原锟皆ｏ拷還原锟斤拷>還原锟絘(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷越锟斤拷(qi锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟絫锟戒對(du锟斤拷)锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷還原锟絘(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟竭�原锟皆撅拷越锟斤拷;還原锟斤拷锟斤拷還原锟斤拷越锟斤拷(qi锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟絫锟戒對(du锟斤拷)锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絘(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷跃锟皆斤拷锟斤拷锟�

(3)锟斤拷锟斤拷(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟統锟阶程讹拷

注锟解：锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷還原锟皆的忥拷(qi锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷只锟絚該原锟接碉拷失锟斤拷拥锟斤拷y锟阶程讹拷锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷失锟斤拷訑锟�(sh锟斤拷)目锟侥讹拷锟劫無(w锟斤拷)锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆斤拷锟�(qi锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆撅拷越锟斤拷(qi锟斤拷ng);失锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆斤拷锟�(qi锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷還原锟皆撅拷越锟斤拷(qi锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷

锟斤拷同一元锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絩(ji锟斤拷)锟紹(t锟斤拷i)锟絞锟斤拷锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷還原锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷

锟斤拷見(ji锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷 锟筋潑锟侥非斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷Cl2锟斤拷Br2锟斤拷O2锟斤拷;

锟斤拷 元锟斤拷(锟斤拷Mn锟斤拷)處锟节高伙拷锟较價(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤，锟斤拷MnO2锟斤拷KMnO4锟斤拷;

锟斤拷 元锟斤拷(锟斤拷S锟斤拷N锟斤拷)處锟节高伙拷锟较價(ji锟斤拷)锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟侥猴拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紿2SO4锟斤拷HNO3锟斤拷;

锟斤拷 元锟斤拷(锟斤拷Mn锟斤拷Cl锟斤拷Fe锟斤拷)處锟节高伙拷锟较價(ji锟斤拷)锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷KMnO4锟斤拷KClO3锟斤拷FeCl3锟斤拷K2Cr2O7;

锟斤拷 锟絕(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷Na2O2锟斤拷H2O2锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟絔锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟竭匡拷锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟铰高匡拷锟結訊锟斤拷锟竭匡拷锟斤拷锟竭★拷锟斤拷前锟斤拷(zh锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷志愿锟斤拷锟�(b锟斤拷o)锟斤拷锟饺★拷锟�?j锟斤拷n)?sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟竭匡拷锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟絞锟斤拷锟斤拷全锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷(ji锟斤拷)锟絚(di锟斤拷n)

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