高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)考點(diǎn)類析·從句

　　一、考點(diǎn)規(guī)律分析

　　短文改錯(cuò)對(duì)從句引導(dǎo)詞的考查主要涉及根據(jù)句意正確選用引導(dǎo)詞、引導(dǎo)詞的誤加與漏用、將不是從句的東西誤認(rèn)為是從句而誤加引導(dǎo)詞等。

　　二、真題單句歸納

　　(1) In the last five years that they’ve climbed churches, high buildings and television towers. (去掉 that，因此處的 in the last five years 為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，其后無(wú)需用that) (全國(guó)卷)

　　(2) Charles said, “As soon I see a really tall building, I want to climb it.（I 前加 as，因?yàn)?as soon as 為引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞）(全國(guó)卷)

　　(3) Most people can quickly get help from a doctor or go to a hospital since they are ill. (since 改為 when / if / whenever。從句意上看此處用 since 講不通，改為 if / when / whenever 均可) (全國(guó)卷)

　　(4) However, there are still some countries there people have shorter lives. (there 改為 where，where 在此引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句) (全國(guó)卷)

　　(5) …in other places where you are limited to a certain number, of which some may be novels. (去掉 where，in other places 在此為地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)) (全國(guó)卷)

　　(6) …in other places you are limited to a certain number, of that some may be novels. (that 改為 which，因介詞后要用 which 來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句) (全國(guó)卷)

　　(7) …and whether you pay the cost of sending a postcard, the librarian will write to you. (whether 改為 if，表示“如果”時(shí)，不能用 whether) (全國(guó)卷)

　　(8) I also enjoyed the evenings when we spent together. (去掉 when 或?qū)?when 改為 that，因這里的定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(spent)缺賓語(yǔ)，故只能用關(guān)系代詞 that或?qū)⑵涫÷? (全國(guó)卷)

　　(9) I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. (where 改為 which，因此處要填關(guān)系代詞作主語(yǔ)) (全國(guó)卷)

　　(10) …but it didn’t matter that I would win or not. (that 改為 whether，whether 與 or not 搭配，表示“是否”) (全國(guó)卷)

　　(11) I felt so nervous as I shook like a leaf. (as 改為 that，so…that…為固定句式，其中的 that 引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句) (全國(guó)卷)

　　(12) In one class, I learned it rained. (it 前加why，why 在此表原因) (北京春季卷)

　　(13) For example, when he bought a chocolate cake, he put it in a secret place where I couldn’t find. (where 改為that / which，或去掉 where，I couldn’t find 為修飾 place 的定語(yǔ)從句，其前用關(guān)系代詞，也可省略) (北京春季卷)

　　(14) It was about noon we arrived at the foot of the mountain. (we 前加 when，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句缺少連詞引導(dǎo)) (全國(guó)卷)

　　(15) Besides, I have few friends, I don’t know that they don’t like to talk with me. (that 改為 why，why 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，表示原因) (年全國(guó)卷)

　　(16) I have a good friend who’s name is Liu Mei. (who’s 改為 whose，因who’s=who is，不僅結(jié)構(gòu)錯(cuò)誤，而且意思也不通；whose 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，表示“……的”) (福建卷)

　　(17) It has been five years when we graduated, but those memories are as sweet as ever before. (when 改為 since，It is / has been +時(shí)間段+since(謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是短暫性動(dòng)詞)是固定句型，意為“自……以來(lái)有多久了”) (天津卷)

　　三、模擬單句演練

　　(1) He is the man his car was stolen.

　　(2) That’s the hotel which we were staying last summer.

　　(3) That’s the palace where we visited last summer.

　　(4) I suddenly woke up in mid-night. And it was a long time I got to sleep again.

　　(5) In the past few years when we’ve planted thousands of trees along the river.

　　(6) At the airport where all the baggage must be examined.

　　(7) He wrote me a letter and asked I was getting on.

　　(8) She stayed in France for 10 years. That’s she spoke French so well.

　　(9) It’s really a beautiful place, where everyone hopes to visit.

　　(10) It cost nothing. Anyone can get it unless he likes it.

　　【參考答案】

　　(1) his 改為 whose，whose 在此引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。

　　(2) which 改為 where，where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句且在從句中用作狀語(yǔ)；此題還可在staying后加in。

　　(3) where 改為 which / that，也可去掉 where，因visit為及物動(dòng)詞，此處應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞作其賓語(yǔ)（也可省略）。

　　(4)第二個(gè) I 前加 before，此句意為“過(guò)了好久我才又睡著”。

　　(5) 去掉 when，否則全句沒有主語(yǔ)。

　　(6) 去掉 where，否則全句沒有主語(yǔ)。

　　(7) asked 后加 how，否則句意不通。

　　(8) That’s 后加 why，否則句意不通。

　　(9) where 改為 which，which 在此引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，且在從句中用作賓語(yǔ)(用作 visit 的賓語(yǔ))。

　　(10) unless 改為 if，否則句意不通。