锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟絀锟絶锟斤拷锟狡岋拷锟斤拷; 锟斤拷锟斤拷; 锟斤拷锟巾實(sh锟斤拷)锟絗

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷摘锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟节�锟�(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(hu锟斤拷), 锟狡岋拷锟斤拷锟窖斤拷(j锟斤拷ng)锟缴烇拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷o)锟皆的組锟斤拷锟狡讹拷, 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟铰岋拷(sh锟斤拷)锟较筹拷锟剿現(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟皆的縮影锟�锟斤拷茖锟斤拷萍锟斤拷锟揭伙拷N锟組锟斤拷锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u), 锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟絅锟狡度勶拷(chu锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷, 同锟絩(sh锟斤拷)也锟斤拷一锟絅锟斤拷(qi锟斤拷ng)锟絳(di锟斤拷o)效锟绞的癸拷锟斤拷锟狡讹拷锟斤拷锟节斤拷锟斤拷锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟狡岋拷锟狡組锟斤拷锟絕(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟叫戯拷(y锟斤拷ng)該锟斤拷锟紹(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟皆撅拷锟斤拷, 锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟截凤拷锟缴猴拷锟斤拷锟斤拷膬r(ji锟斤拷)值锟絕, 處锟斤拷锟矫硷拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷散锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)系, 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡科學(xu锟斤拷)锟侥癸拷锟斤拷锟狡度★拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫圖锟斤拷锟�(l锟斤拷i)號(h锟斤拷o)锟斤拷F0911349锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥獻(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷(bi锟斤拷o)锟絉(sh锟斤拷)锟絘锟斤拷A 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟铰撅拷號(h锟斤拷o)锟斤拷1001- 6198(2005) 03- 0183-04

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡岋拷锟斤拷(bureaucracy) , 锟街憋拷锟絞锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�, 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴德囷拷(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(hu锟斤拷)锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絉锟斤拷斯·锟絝锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(l锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絉锟斤拷思锟斤拷锟叫岋拷锟斤拷锟狡岋拷锟斤拷(锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷) 視锟斤拷锟結锟絘(ch锟斤拷n)锟紸锟斤拷(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷(gu锟斤拷)锟揭機(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絬(p锟斤拷ng), 使锟斤拷锟剿傦拷锟斤拷(du锟斤拷)锟狡岋拷锟狡產(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟絅全然锟今定的態(t锟斤拷i)锟饺★拷锟铰岋拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷,“Bureaucracy”锟紷锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟絶锟絉锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(hu锟斤拷)锟狡學(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷使锟斤拷锟斤拷原锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟絉, 锟斤拷锟节憋拷示一锟絅锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絘(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥組锟斤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷锟节�锟�(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(hu锟斤拷), 锟狡岋拷锟斤拷锟窖斤拷(j锟斤拷ng)锟缴烇拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷o)锟皆的組锟斤拷锟狡讹拷, 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟铰岋拷(sh锟斤拷)锟较筹拷锟剿現(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟皆的縮影锟斤拷“锟狡岋拷锟斤拷”锟窖斤拷(j锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟紿锟紿锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(hu锟斤拷)锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟叫碉拷一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷, 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷C锟侥冿拷(n锟斤拷i)锟节猴拷锟絰锟絍锟斤拷锟斤拷影響碉拷锟侥伙拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷W(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟轿學(xu锟斤拷)锟皆硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一些锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷, 锟斤拷锟斤拷, 锟侥癸拷锟斤拷W(xu锟斤拷)锟侥角讹拷锟絁(r锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟叫撅拷锟狡岋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷論, 锟斤拷(du锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟叫撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷W(xu锟斤拷)也锟斤拷(hu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷示锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟狡岋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絅(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟侥癸拷锟斤拷W(xu锟斤拷)思锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡岋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟絅锟組锟斤拷锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)锟斤拷锟絝锟斤拷锟窖科岋拷锟狡匡拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟絅锟斤拷锟皆的組锟斤拷锟斤拷式, 锟絁(r锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟截讹拷锟侥結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)锟斤拷锟叫烇拷原锟絫锟酵癸拷锟斤拷, 锟斤拷锟斤拷(du锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟組(j锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷系锟統(t锟斤拷ng)锟叫撅拷锟酵凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絝锟斤拷锟絆(sh锟斤拷)計(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟紷锟絅锟斤拷锟皆科岋拷锟狡組锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫岋拷(zhu锟斤拷n)锟絋(m锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(qu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟饺硷拷(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷規(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟狡讹拷锟皆硷拷锟斤拷锟剿革拷锟侥达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷, 锟节科岋拷锟狡組锟斤拷锟斤拷, 锟斤拷锟絀(y锟斤拷)锟角革拷锟斤拷(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(l锟斤拷i)锟酵猴拷目锟斤拷锟組(j锟斤拷n)锟叫勶拷锟街碉拷, 锟斤拷锟叫猴拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟铰氊�(z锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟缴員锟斤拷锟斤拷锟杰組锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷幕锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟轿勶拷(w锟斤拷), 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街癸拷原锟絫锟斤拷(zhu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆硷拷锟斤拷位職責(z锟斤拷)锟侥癸拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节勶拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絖锟街癸拷锟叫匡拷锟杰烇拷每一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟截讹拷锟侥嶏拷位锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絕(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷(zhu锟斤拷n)锟絋(m锟斤拷n)訓(x锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟侥岋拷(zhu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷,锟斤拷使每一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷負(f锟斤拷)責(z锟斤拷)锟斤拷效锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫革拷锟皆碉拷職責(z锟斤拷); 锟斤拷锟�, 锟节科岋拷锟狡組锟斤拷锟斤拷, 锟斤拷锟叫嶏拷位锟侥組锟斤拷锟斤拷循锟饺硷拷(j锟斤拷)锟狡讹拷原锟絫, 锟斤拷锟铰硷拷(j锟斤拷)之锟絞锟斤拷職锟斤拷(qu锟斤拷n)锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)系锟斤拷(y锟斤拷n)锟今按等硷拷(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷, 每锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟剿的欙拷(qu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟絚責(z锟斤拷)锟轿讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絖锟斤拷規(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷, 每锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)職锟絋锟斤拷锟杰碉拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷職锟絋锟侥匡拷锟狡和監(ji锟斤拷n)锟斤拷; 锟斤拷锟斤拷, 锟节科岋拷锟狡組锟斤拷锟斤拷, 锟組锟斤拷锟絓(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷, 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴員锟絞锟侥伙拷锟�(d锟斤拷ng)锟絚锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)系锟斤拷锟斤拷規(gu锟斤拷)锟絫锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷也锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絝(shu锟斤拷), 每位锟缴員锟斤拷锟剿斤拷锟皆硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷械膷锟轿宦氊�(z锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟組锟斤拷锟絓(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷規(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷; 锟斤拷锟�, 锟节科岋拷锟狡組锟斤拷锟斤拷, 锟劫員锟斤拷锟矫濫锟斤拷锟斤拷職锟斤拷(qu锟斤拷n), 锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟剿碉拷锟斤拷w锟斤拷锟斤拷影響組锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆決锟斤拷; 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚私锟斤拷之锟絞锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絖锟侥斤拷锟斤拷;锟組锟斤拷锟缴員锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷姆锟斤拷锟斤拷規(gu锟斤拷)锟铰岋拷(du锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟酵業(y锟斤拷)锟斤拷(w锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷, 锟絖锟斤拷锟組锟斤拷目锟斤拷(bi锟斤拷o)锟侥岋拷(sh锟斤拷)施锟斤拷锟絝锟斤拷锟节岋拷(du锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟酵東锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟組(j锟斤拷n)锟叫廣锟斤拷锟侥歷史锟叫撅拷锟酵憋拷锟絕锟叫撅拷锟侥伙拷锟紸(ch锟斤拷)锟斤拷指锟斤拷,锟轿猴拷锟叫組锟斤拷锟侥團(tu锟斤拷n)锟絯, 惟锟戒實(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷“锟斤拷(qi锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟皆的協(xi锟斤拷)锟絳(di锟斤拷o)”锟斤拷锟杰成烇拷一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絯锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷诖锟�, 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡層組锟斤拷锟絯系锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥組锟斤拷锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u), 锟斤拷锟紸(y锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(l锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟皆猴拷陌l(f锟斤拷)展锟叫岋拷锟秸憋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷@锟絅锟組锟斤拷锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡岋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟絅锟狡度勶拷(chu锟斤拷ng)锟铰�锟斤拷茖踊锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷曰锟斤拷M(j锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟侥憋拷锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)之一, 锟狡岋拷锟斤拷锟杰夛拷(w锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絓(y锟斤拷n)锟紻(zhu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟揭呈現(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟饺硷拷(j锟斤拷)锟狡的欙拷(qu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟絯系锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)系, 锟斤拷全锟角斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆的紀(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷之锟较的�锟斤拷茖锟斤拷频慕M锟斤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆岋拷(zhu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�, 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷c锟絩(ji锟斤拷)值锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷斯锟斤拷指锟斤拷锟斤拷:“锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆猴拷邏輯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�, 锟斤拷锟叫和凤拷锟剿產(ch锟斤拷n)锟絀(y锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节傦拷(g锟斤拷)锟剿岋拷(zhu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷裙锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)系锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絳锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷锟酵革拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟組(j锟斤拷n)锟叫癸拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟絝锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絖指锟斤拷:“锟絯锟狡癸拷锟斤拷锟斤拷‘锟斤拷锟斤拷’锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷, 規(gu锟斤拷)锟絫锟斤拷目锟侥★拷锟街段猴拷‘锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷’锟斤拷锟剿革拷锟皆匡拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫烇拷锟斤拷”锟狡岋拷锟狡碉拷锟斤拷锟皆撅拷锟斤拷锟絯锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷: 锟斤拷一, 锟斤拷锟津化價(ji锟斤拷)值锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆碉拷锟斤拷锟絉(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节傦拷(g锟斤拷)锟剿岋拷(du锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟津保筹拷锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟絅锟较凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷, 锟紷也锟斤拷一锟絅锟斤拷(du锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟皆碉拷锟絁(r锟斤拷n)锟絉(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街э拷锟斤拷锟�, 锟斤拷(l锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟节欙拷(qu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟筋都锟矫碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟絝锟斤拷锟絁(r锟斤拷n)锟斤拷, 前锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟侥癸拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆憋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角凤拷锟斤拷锟皆的統(t锟斤拷ng)锟轿凤拷式, 锟斤拷锟狡岋拷锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷贊锟絇(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷: 锟斤拷锟缴癸拷锟截從斤拷Q職锟斤拷(w锟斤拷)锟较碉拷锟铰勶拷(w锟斤拷)锟斤拷, 锟脚筹拷一锟叫愶拷(锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟叫硷拷锟解個(g锟斤拷)锟剿碉拷锟斤拷锟侥革拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絝(shu锟斤拷)一锟叫凤拷锟斤拷锟皆的★拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紸(y锟斤拷)計(j锟斤拷)锟皆的革拷锟絏(ju锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟斤拷锟节讹拷, 注锟斤拷锟斤拷式锟侥猴拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絝锟斤拷锟絕(q锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟剿兩種锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷, 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆和價(ji锟斤拷)值锟斤拷锟皆★拷锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷, 锟斤拷指锟斤拷越锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟絜锟侥撅拷锟絯锟侥斤拷(j锟斤拷ng)锟�(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟铰硷拷, 锟斤拷锟秸憋拷某锟斤拷锟斤拷規(gu锟斤拷)锟絫锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆匡拷計(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷某锟斤拷锟�?y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟紸(ch锟斤拷), 锟斤拷追锟斤拷目锟侥碉拷锟絕(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥癸拷锟斤拷锟皆帮拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节斤拷(j锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷(j锟斤拷)锟絀(l锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟叫憋拷锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷一锟叫斤拷(j锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷(j锟斤拷)锟叫烇拷使锟矫旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷計(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷式, 锟組锟斤拷锟杰地硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷, 锟侥讹拷使锟矫岋拷(du锟斤拷)锟叫為本锟斤拷锟皆硷拷锟斤拷(du锟斤拷)锟叫勶拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫э拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷M(j锟斤拷n)锟叫撅拷锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絩(ji锟斤拷)值锟斤拷锟皆則锟斤拷一锟絅锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥猴拷锟斤拷锟斤拷, 锟角斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷某锟絅锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷r(ji锟斤拷)值追锟斤拷幕锟斤拷A(ch锟斤拷)之锟较碉拷, 锟斤拷锟斤拷注锟截岋拷(du锟斤拷)锟叫勶拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟組(j锟斤拷n)锟叫價(ji锟斤拷)值锟叫斷。锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆匡拷锟皆憋拷锟斤拷锟介工锟斤拷——目锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰, 锟絩(ji锟斤拷)值锟斤拷锟皆則锟絯锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟介倫锟斤拷——锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟絝锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷通锟絕(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆和價(ji锟斤拷)值锟斤拷锟皆的界定锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿現(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絀(y锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟�(hu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟轿筹拷锟絕(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絝锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(l锟斤拷i), 锟絩(ji锟斤拷)值锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟結锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟�(hu锟斤拷)锟窖斤拷(j锟斤拷ng)失去锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷诘幕锟斤拷A(ch锟斤拷), 锟絊锟斤拷锟結锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟侥發(f锟斤拷)展, 锟斤拷锟�(hu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(hu锟斤拷)锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)锟斤拷然锟斤拷锟斤拷(l锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆伙拷锟斤拷锟狡層伙拷, 锟秸筹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫碉拷一锟斤拷锟絀(l锟斤拷ng)锟津都傾锟斤拷锟节紀(j锟斤拷)锟缴囷拷(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟侥等硷拷(j锟斤拷)锟狡讹拷, 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥岋拷(zhu锟斤拷n)锟絀(y锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟剿憋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟侥條锟斤拷锟斤拷锟酵癸拷锟竭伙拷锟斤拷

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锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟絯锟紽(xi锟斤拷n), 锟斤拷一锟絅锟斤拷锟斤拷規(gu锟斤拷)锟絫去锟斤拷效锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)施锟組锟斤拷锟叫烇拷亩锟斤拷锟�(sh锟斤拷)锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟組锟斤拷效锟绞碉拷锟絕(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷, 锟角現(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絘(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷(du锟斤拷)锟組锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�,锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷I(y锟斤拷)锟侥伙拷锟斤拷锟絕(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷, 要锟斤拷锟紹(y锟斤拷ng)锟酵筹拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷o)锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角的匡拷锟絕锟斤拷取锟斤拷, 锟斤拷锟紹(y锟斤拷ng)锟截筹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥組锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷, 锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷o)锟絧锟斤拷锟介、锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絪锟斤拷規(gu锟斤拷)锟絫锟侥價(ji锟斤拷)值取锟斤拷锟斤拷锟截凤拷锟缴的欙拷(qu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷, 锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴冿拷(y锟斤拷u)锟饺伙拷锟缴冿拷(y锟斤拷u)越锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷, 锟斤拷锟絏(ju锟斤拷)锟截維锟給(h锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥獻(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷1锟斤拷锟絉锟斤拷斯·锟絝锟斤拷. 锟斤拷(j锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷(j锟斤拷)锟絚锟斤拷锟�(hu锟斤拷)锟斤拷M 锟斤拷. 锟斤拷锟斤拷: 锟教勶拷(w锟斤拷)印锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟絕, 1998. 279- 280.

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷2锟斤拷锟剿碉拷·锟斤拷锟斤拷, 锟絉歇锟斤拷·梅耶. 锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(hu锟斤拷)锟叫的科岋拷锟狡★拷M 锟斤拷. 锟较猴拷: 锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟街筹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷, 2001. 58.

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷3锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絊·锟斤拷瑟姆. 锟絉锟斤拷斯·锟絝锟斤拷锟絚锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷論锟斤拷M 锟斤拷. 锟斤拷锟斤拷: 锟姐江锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�, 1989.

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷4锟斤拷魏锟斤拷. 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡的撅拷锟斤拷锟絚锟紻(zhu锟斤拷n)锟酵時(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟揭囷拷(gu锟斤拷)锟組锟斤拷模式锟斤拷锟斤拷锟届〔J锟斤拷. 锟叫囷拷(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷(b锟斤拷o), 2001, (1).