锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷效锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟街和旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷(j锟斤拷)處锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷效锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一位锟斤拷锟缴匡拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟街的斤拷锟狡旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷效锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷效锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟街碉拷锟斤拷锟揭晃伙拷菧y锟斤拷锟竭癸拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷@一位锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟角诧拷锟缴匡拷锟斤拷锟斤拷也锟斤拷锟絗锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷位锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷計锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷效锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷規(gu锟斤拷)锟絫锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(1)锟斤拷锟缴匡拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絚锟絜锟侥旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷訙p锟斤拷锟斤拷顺锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟矫的結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷也锟角诧拷锟缴匡拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(2)計锟斤拷Y(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷只锟杰憋拷锟斤拷一位锟斤拷锟缴匡拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷計锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆憋拷锟斤拷锟轿伙拷锟斤拷煽锟斤拷锟�(sh锟斤拷)锟街ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(3)锟斤拷锟絯锟侥傦拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥次旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟角準確锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟狡旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷顺锟斤拷r锟斤拷锟斤拷效锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟街碉拷位锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷原锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷效锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷位锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷效锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟街碉拷位锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟角忥拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭晃伙拷锟斤拷銛�(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭晃伙拷锟�(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷(锟斤拷锟斤拷)锟侥匡拷位锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭晃伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷煽锟斤拷锟�(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角癸拷锟絰锟矫碉拷锟侥★拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷驗數(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟矫碉拷處锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷1锟斤拷直锟接憋拷锟絕锟斤拷锟叫學锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷某些锟斤拷驗，只锟斤拷通锟絕锟斤拷锟皆的確锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絞锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)系锟斤拷锟斤拷?q锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷Y(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絚锟剿滐拷值锟斤拷锟斤拷^锟斤拷锟酵可得筹拷锟斤拷锟結(ji锟斤拷)論锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絫锟缴戯拷锟斤拷直锟接憋拷锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫撅拷"锟斤拷C锟斤拷锟斤拷平锟斤拷锟斤拷邊锟轿讹拷锟絫"锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷直锟接憋拷锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷袦y锟斤拷锟侥猴拷锟斤拷锟酵革拷锟斤拷(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡斤拷锟斤拷锟竭咃拷蔚膶锟斤拷蔷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷矢锟斤拷锟侥达拷小锟酵凤拷锟津，可確锟斤拷锟角凤拷锟絖锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷C平锟斤拷锟斤拷邊锟轿讹拷锟絫锟斤拷目锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷"锟叫撅拷電磁感戯拷锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷"锟侥岋拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絕锟届、記錄的伙拷锟紸锟较ｏ拷锟斤拷(j锟斤拷ng)锟絕锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟矫筹拷锟絘(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟叫戯拷锟斤拷锟斤拷臈l锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫讹拷锟叫戯拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷2锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紼锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紼锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷直锟絕锟斤拷直锟接凤拷映锟斤拷锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷"锟叫撅拷平锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷锟絓锟斤拷"锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紼锟斤拷直锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絃小锟斤拷锟斤拷\锟斤拷軌锟紼锟斤拷锟斤拷"電堬拷锟叫等勢撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絃"锟侥岋拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紼锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絃锟饺勢撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紼锟斤拷锟絩锟斤拷注锟解：

锟斤拷锟斤拷(1)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街憋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡斤拷锟斤拷模锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟酵蝗伙拷锟斤拷D(zhu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(2)锟斤拷锟絜锟絚锟斤拷偏锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟教�锟絟锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絁锟斤拷锟斤拷某锟絅偶然锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷蓪锟斤拷@锟接碉拷锟絚锟斤拷去锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(3)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷蚀_锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷記錄碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接涗浀锟斤拷c锟侥匡拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷太锟劫ｏ拷锟揭戯拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟借范锟斤拷锟斤拷(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟铰撅拷锟斤拷植锟�锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷3锟斤拷平锟斤拷锟斤拷取锟斤拷锟絞(sh锟斤拷)平锟斤拷值锟角減小偶然锟絗锟筋常锟矫的旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷(j锟斤拷)處锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟窖达拷锟統锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴次測锟斤拷锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷值锟斤拷雍锟斤拷锟皆測锟斤拷锟轿旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷平锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥伙拷锟斤拷原锟斤拷锟角ｏ拷锟节讹拷螠y锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷偶然锟絗锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟截撈�锟斤拷锟斤拷F(xi锟斤拷n)锟侥機锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟绞岋拷锟斤拷蔚臏y锟斤拷值锟斤拷訒r锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷偏锟斤拷拇锟斤拷锟�(sh锟斤拷)锟酵烇拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷平锟斤拷值锟絩锟斤拷注锟斤拷锟斤拷什么锟斤拷r锟斤拷锟斤拷平锟斤拷值锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷凸透锟絉锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絩锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷每一锟組锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟矫的讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷值锟斤拷平锟斤拷值锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡斤拷锟街�锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷4锟斤拷锟叫憋拷锟斤拷锟窖憋拷锟統锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷斜锟斤拷锟绞撅拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絝锟斤拷記錄憋拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷(n锟斤拷i)锟捷★拷锟叫憋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡憋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷式锟給锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟节憋拷锟絕锟饺冿拷(y锟斤拷u)锟絚锟斤拷锟叫憋拷锟斤拷還锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角圖锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥伙拷锟紸锟斤拷锟叫憋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷注锟解：

锟斤拷锟斤拷(1)锟侥匡拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷Q锟斤拷锟斤拷位锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(2)锟斤拷锟統锟矫的旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟統锟斤拷锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷取恰锟斤拷?sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟叫э拷?sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(3)锟斤拷變锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷u锟斤拷锟接伙拷p小锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷5锟斤拷锟紻锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷系锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷驗數(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷系锟叫憋拷示锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚之锟絞锟斤拷規(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紻處锟巾數(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷(j锟斤拷)锟侥冿拷(y锟斤拷u)锟絚锟斤拷直锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷锟缴圖锟斤拷锟叫憋拷省锟斤拷鼐锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷e锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡匡拷锟斤拷锟叫撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷之锟絞锟斤拷規(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紻锟斤拷r锟斤拷注锟斤拷锟斤拷锟铰幾傦拷锟斤拷锟芥：

锟斤拷锟斤拷(1)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絊锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷锟接憋拷锟斤拷锟揭筹拷規(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟斤拷直锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紻锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街憋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街憋拷^锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷規(gu锟斤拷)锟缴诧拷锟斤拷锟叫讹拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫學锟斤拷锟巾實锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷取x锟斤拷1/x锟斤拷锟斤拷變锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆憋拷使锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥猴拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟紻锟斤拷锟街憋拷锟�锟斤拷锟侥讹拷锟斤拷直锟絕锟侥得筹拷變锟斤拷锟絞锟侥猴拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)系锟斤拷锟斤拷"锟統電筹拷電動勢和冿拷(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷"锟侥岋拷锟斤拷校锟斤拷锟絀锟斤拷锟斤拷變锟斤拷锟斤拷U-I锟紻锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟絚锟斤拷變锟斤拷x锟缴凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絩锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷1/x锟斤拷锟斤拷變锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(2)锟斤拷锟剿斤拷锟斤拷要規(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絊锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷位锟斤拷注锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絖锟絰取锟組锟絊锟酵縱锟絊锟侥標度ｏ拷锟組锟斤拷锟剿和縱锟斤拷锟剿的憋拷锟斤拷锟皆硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷使锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥圖锟斤拷锟斤拷虏锟斤拷M锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紻锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷"锟統電筹拷電動勢和冿拷(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷"锟侥岋拷锟斤拷校锟斤拷v锟斤拷锟斤拷U锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟皆诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(3)锟絰锟絚要恰锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紻要規(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷直锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷取5锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷10锟斤拷15锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷處取锟絚锟杰硷拷一些锟斤拷锟斤拷直锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紻锟斤拷锟斤拷使直锟斤拷通锟絕锟組锟斤拷锟杰讹拷锟斤拷c锟斤拷锟斤拷通锟絕锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷植锟斤拷锟街憋拷锟斤拷蓚锟�(c锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紻要平锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟桔撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷些锟截�锟斤拷缘锟斤拷c锟斤拷锟皆凤拷锟斤拷取锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(4)锟斤拷锟斤拷(j锟斤拷)锟紻锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷D锟斤拷锟斤拷斜锟绞★拷锟截撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟斤拷計锟斤拷斜锟绞時锟斤拷锟絰取直锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷^锟絟锟侥冿拷锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷要锟絰取原锟斤拷锟侥旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷(j锟斤拷)锟絚锟斤拷锟紷锟接憋拷锟斤拷取锟矫革拷锟斤拷锟絖锟斤拷平锟斤拷值锟斤拷