【20】than用作關(guān)系代詞 （選學(xué)內(nèi)容）

　　than在定語(yǔ)從句中作關(guān)系代詞，在從句中可以充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)，但仍以充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為多。在定語(yǔ)從句中，它與關(guān)系代詞that所起的語(yǔ)法作用是差不多的，只是在翻譯或解釋時(shí)，要比that多一層比較的意味。另外，由than含有比較意味可知，該類定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞前通常要有形容詞的比較級(jí)形式。例如：

　　1.You make more money than is intended to make.(主語(yǔ))

　　你掙得的錢比預(yù)計(jì)的要多。

　　2.There were more casualties than was reported.

　　傷亡人數(shù)比報(bào)道的要多。

　　3.Newspapers and other media do more than simply record what happens.

　　報(bào)紙和其它媒體做的不僅僅是記錄發(fā)生的事情。

　　學(xué)以致用

　　1. Norwegians owe their success to many factors, one _____ is that there's a winter sports club in nearly every city and town.

　　A. of whom     B. of which       C. of them     D. of that

　　2. Cities in Norway are relatively close to the wilderness, and there's a culture _____ encourages children to play outdoors even on the coldest days.      A. where     B. that      C. what     D. who

　　3. The businessman, _____ was in deep debt, saw a check for $500,000 in his hand, _____ was signed by Bill Gates, one of the richest men in the world.

　　A. that; which     B. what; which     C. who; that       D. who; which

　　4. With a renewed active attitude, the businessman thought of some new business ideas _____ soon led to his success in several big sales.    A. what       B. which     C. /       D. who

　　5. _____ really is possible to be bored to death, scientists have found, after research showed those _____ live tedious lives are twice as likely to die young.      A. What; that      B. It; who      C. As; that      D. Which; who

　　6. Scientists say that people _____ are bored are more likely to turn to unhealthy habits like drinking and smoking, _____ can cut their life-expectancy.    A. that; that        B. who; that        C. who; which          D. whom; which

　　7. A walk across Waterloo Bridge, _____ would take most people a few minutes, will take participants in an organized walk up to an hour.        A. that    B. /     C. which    D. it

　　8. People who complain of boredom in their lives are at double the risk of dying from heart disease or a stroke than those _____ find life entertaining, researchers at University College London found.

　　A. which     B. who     C. that      D. whom

　　9. This policy will discourage employers from hiring low-skilled workers from overseas, especially companies with big work force in manufacturing and other industries, _____ profit margins are razor-thin.

　　A. where     B. which    C. when         D. whose

　　10. The comedy-thriller is the story of a mean noodle shop owner, _____ hires a killer to murder his wife and her lover.

　　A. which       B. that       C. whom     D. who

　　11. One day in the company when I was cleaning my car, _____ was dirty from running outside, I noticed the old man making his way to his son.       A. which     B. that     C. /      D. who

　　12. She told me that this was the only way _____ she could achieve success.

　　A. /     B. which     C. how     D. in that

　　13. Nadine Gordimer published her first short story at the age of fifteen , and has completed a large number of works, ____ have been translated into forty languages.

　　A. that     B. where     C. which    D. who

　　14. This is a big reason _____ many successful people advise you to do something you love.

　　A. where     B. why    C. whose     D. which

　　15. Aside from the web cameras, a number of other high-tech methods are becoming increasingly popular. Among them are programs _____ check students' identities using personal information, such as the telephone numbers they once used.

　　A. who     B. where     C. that     D. when

　　1-5 BBDBB  6-10 CCBAD  11-15 AACBA

　　翻譯練習(xí)

　　寫作專練1.    as做關(guān)系代詞

　　1.他如此幽默以致我們都大笑起來(lái)。（his humor was such, burst into laughter）

　　2.起初，我認(rèn)為李老師有點(diǎn)怪，因?yàn)樗�總是�?wèn)一些沒(méi)人能回答的問(wèn)題。（kind of odd, such questions as）

　　3.他不是一個(gè)把今天事拖到明天做這樣的一個(gè)人。（such a man, put off…until tomorrow）

　　4.我們應(yīng)當(dāng)讀一些使我們明智的書。（such books as, wiser）

　　5.在我生日那天，我收到了像母親承諾的那樣好的一件禮物。（receive as good a gift）

　　6.我在他的書包里發(fā)現(xiàn)了我前幾天丟的那只鋼筆，這支筆是我朋友送給我的生日禮物。我怒不可遏了。（the same, a gift from, contain my anger）

　　寫作專練2.    as, which 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句

　　1.我發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)老人躺在馬路上，我乘出租車立即把他送到了醫(yī)院，這就是那天上午我遲到的原因。（find somebody doing, take…to, ）

　　2.正在一句諺語(yǔ)所說(shuō)，" All work but no play makes Jack a dull boy." 如果沒(méi)有一個(gè)強(qiáng)壯的身體，一個(gè)人會(huì)一事無(wú)成。（saying, a sound body, achieve）

　　3.正在圖表所顯示的那樣，這個(gè)城市的空氣質(zhì)量在過(guò)去兩年越來(lái)越糟。（as is shown in the chart, the air quality）

　　4.我在漢語(yǔ)演講比賽中獲一等獎(jiǎng)，這我做夢(mèng)也沒(méi)有想到。（win the first prize, Chinese speech competition, beyond my wildest dreams.）

　　5.在我國(guó)，許多學(xué)生上不起大學(xué)，李華就是這種情況，但這些人卻花這么多錢買奢侈品。（can't afford the fees to, as is the case with, waste money buying, luxury）

　　寫作專練3.    使用非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，是寫出長(zhǎng)的高級(jí)句子的最常用的方法

　　1.我們的學(xué)校，位于內(nèi)鄉(xiāng)西北角，有34年歷史。（be located in, have a history of）

　　2.我們學(xué)校里的老師，大多數(shù)都是三十多歲，把他們一切都奉獻(xiàn)給了我們。（in one's thirties, devote oneself to）

　　3.我們學(xué)校的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，都年輕有為，他們也都是教學(xué)方面的專家，還經(jīng)常到外地學(xué)習(xí)先進(jìn)的教學(xué)和管理經(jīng)驗(yàn)。(young and

　　successful in their careers, expert, advanced theories in teaching and management)

　　4.我們學(xué)校有四千多學(xué)生，大多數(shù)都能用心學(xué)習(xí)。(the majority of, put one's heart into)

　　5.我為我們的學(xué)校而感到自豪。在這里，如果我們好好學(xué)習(xí)的話，一定會(huì)考上名牌大學(xué)。(be proud of, there is a good chance that, be admitted to)

　　寫作專練4.    綜合運(yùn)用本章所學(xué)定語(yǔ)從句內(nèi)容，翻譯下列句子

　　1.但是，現(xiàn)在許多公司關(guān)心的卻是怎樣掙到更多的錢，不管環(huán)境受到怎樣的破壞。（However, all, care about, make money, no matter how seriously, the environment，damage）

　　2.我的家鄉(xiāng)已不再是十年前的那個(gè)小村莊了，那時(shí)到處都是破舊房子，人們食不果腹。（My hometown, the little village, when, worn old houses, hardly feed themselves）

　　3.那個(gè)小學(xué)的許多學(xué)生，他們的父母遠(yuǎn)在大城市打工，不得不由他們的祖父母照看，而他們的祖父母許多連自己都照顧不了了。（primary school, whose parents, work as migrant workers, be taken care of, grandparents）

　　4.他是那些學(xué)生中唯一一個(gè)連續(xù)三次獲得一等獎(jiǎng)的學(xué)生。（the only one, win the first prize, in a row）

　　5.參觀你所在地城市是一次難忘的經(jīng)歷，一次我將永生珍視的經(jīng)歷。（visiting your city, experience, one, value for the rest of my life）

　　Keys

　　寫作專練1.    as做關(guān)系代詞

　　1.他如此幽默以致我們都大笑起來(lái)。（his humor was such, burst into laughter）

　　His humor was such as made us burst into laughter.

　　2.起初，我認(rèn)為李老師有點(diǎn)怪，因?yàn)樗�總是�?wèn)一些沒(méi)人能回答的問(wèn)題。（kind of odd, such questions as）

　　At the beginning, I considered Mr. Lee kind of odd as he always raised such questions as nobody could answer.

　　3.他不是一個(gè)把今天事拖到明天做這樣的一個(gè)人。（such a man, put off…until tomorrow）

　　He isn't such a man as puts off what's done today until tomorrow.

　　4.我們應(yīng)當(dāng)讀一些使我們明智的書。（such books as, wiser）

　　We should read such books as make us wiser.

　　5.在我生日那天，我收到了像母親承諾的那樣好的一件禮物。（receive as good a gift）

　　On my birthday, I received as good a gift as my mother promised.

　　6.我在他的書包里發(fā)現(xiàn)了我前幾天丟的那只鋼筆，這支筆是我朋友送給我的生日禮物。我怒不可遏了。（the same, a gift from, contain my anger）

　　In his bag I found the same pen that I lost the other day. This pen was my birthday gift from my friend. I couldn't contain my anger any more.

　　寫作專練2.    as, which 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句

　　1.我發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)老人躺在馬路上，我乘出租車立即把他送到了醫(yī)院，這就是那天上午我遲到的原因。（find somebody doing, take…to, ）

　　I found an old man lying on the street and sent him to the hospital in a taxi, which was why I was late that morning.

　　2.正在一句諺語(yǔ)所說(shuō)，" All work but no play makes Jack a dull boy." 如果沒(méi)有一個(gè)強(qiáng)壯的身體，一個(gè)人會(huì)一事無(wú)成。（saying, a sound body, achieve）

　　As a proverb goes: All work but no play makes Jack a dull boy. A man without a sound body shall achieve nothing.

　　3.正在圖表所顯示的那樣，這個(gè)城市的空氣質(zhì)量在過(guò)去兩年越來(lái)越糟。（as is shown in the chart, the air quality）

　　As is shown in the chart, the air quality of this city has been becoming worse and worse.

　　4.我在漢語(yǔ)演講比賽中獲一等獎(jiǎng)，這我做夢(mèng)也沒(méi)有想到。（win the first prize, Chinese speech competition, beyond my wildest dreams.）

　　I won the first prize in the Chinese speech competition, which was beyond my wildest dreams.

　　5.在我國(guó)，許多學(xué)生上不起大學(xué)，李華就是這種情況，但這些人卻花這么多錢買奢侈品。（can't afford the fees to, as is the case with, waste money buying, luxury）

　　In our country, many students can't afford the fees to college, as is the case with Lee Hua. These people should waster such a big amount of money buying luxuries.

　　寫作專練3.    使用非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，是寫出長(zhǎng)的高級(jí)句子的最常用的方法

　　1.我們的學(xué)校，位于內(nèi)鄉(xiāng)西北角，有34年歷史。（be located in, have a history of）

　　Our school, (which is) located in northwestern Neixiang, has a history of 34 years.

　　2.我們學(xué)校里的老師，大多數(shù)都是三十多歲，把他們一切都奉獻(xiàn)給了我們。（in one's thirties, devote oneself to）

　　The majority teachers of our school are in their thirties, all of whom devote themselves to us.

　　3.我們學(xué)校的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，都年輕有為，他們也都是教學(xué)方面的專家，還經(jīng)常到外地學(xué)習(xí)先進(jìn)的教學(xué)和管理經(jīng)驗(yàn)。(young and successful in their careers, expert, advanced theories in teaching and management)

　　The leaders in our school are young and successful in their careers, all of whom are experts on teaching and frequently visit other places for advanced theories in teaching and management.

　　4.我們學(xué)校有四千多學(xué)生，大多數(shù)都能用心學(xué)習(xí)。(the majority of, put one's heart into)

　　There are more than 4000 students in our school, the majority of whom can put their heart into study.

　　5.我為我們的學(xué)校而感到自豪。在這里，如果我們好好學(xué)習(xí)的話，一定會(huì)考上名牌大學(xué)。(be proud of, there is a good chance that, be admitted to)

　　I am proud of our school where there is a good chance that you are admitted to a key university as long as you study hard.

　　寫作專練4.    綜合運(yùn)用本章所學(xué)定語(yǔ)從句內(nèi)容，翻譯下列句子

　　1.但是，現(xiàn)在許多公司關(guān)心的卻是怎樣掙到更多的錢，不管環(huán)境受到怎樣的破壞。（However, all, care about, make money, no matter how seriously, the environment，damage）

　　However all most companies care about is how to make more money no matter how seriously the environment is damaged.

　　2.我的家鄉(xiāng)已不再是十年前的那個(gè)小村莊了，那時(shí)到處都是破舊房子，人們食不果腹。（My hometown, the little village, when, worn old houses, hardly feed themselves）

　　My village is no longer the one that it was ten years ago when worn old houses could be seen everywhere and people could hardly feed themselves.

　　3.那個(gè)小學(xué)的許多學(xué)生，他們的父母遠(yuǎn)在大城市打工，不得不由他們的祖父母照看，而他們的祖父母許多連自己都照顧不了了。（primary school, whose parents, work as migrant workers, be taken care of, grandparents）

　　Many students in that primary school, whose parents work as migrant workers in big cities/metropolises, have to be taken care of by their grandparents, who even cannot look after themselves.

　　4.他是那些學(xué)生中唯一一個(gè)連續(xù)三次獲得一等獎(jiǎng)的學(xué)生。（the only one, win the first prize, in a row）

　　He is the only one of the students who has won the first prize three times in a row.

　　5.參觀你所在地城市是一次難忘的經(jīng)歷，一次我將永生珍視的經(jīng)歷。（visiting your city, experience, one, value for the rest of my life）

　　Visiting your city is an unforgettable experience for me, one that I'll value for the rest of my life.

　　Group 1

　　1. 為這場(chǎng)特殊音樂(lè)會(huì)譜曲的人叫做格什溫(special concert, compose, Gershwin)。

　　2. 你有一個(gè)會(huì)修車的朋友嗎？(fix/repair/mend)

　　3. Linda給我看了她從澳大利亞帶回來(lái)的巖石。(show, rocks)

　　4. 據(jù)說(shuō)下午做演講的那個(gè)教授以前很靦腆。(deliver a speech, shy, used to)

　　5. 昨晚撞到樹(shù)上的那輛車子已經(jīng)修好了。(hit, fix)

　　6 沒(méi)人知道他們?cè)趺刺幚砦覀兙杞o慈善機(jī)構(gòu)的那筆錢。(do with/deal with, donate, charity)

　　7 昨天在事故中受傷的小女孩現(xiàn)在在住院。(injure)

　　8 對(duì)于那些愛(ài)好文學(xué)的人來(lái)說(shuō)，這是讓人歡欣鼓舞的消息。(be fond of)

　　9 Andrew攔住了那輛過(guò)往的警車。(stop)

　　10 父母雙亡的孩子叫做孤兒。（dead, orphan）

　　11 有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的向?qū)��?huì)把你帶到奧斯丁曾經(jīng)居住過(guò)，漫步過(guò)和購(gòu)過(guò)物的地方。

　　1. The man who composed for this special concert was Gershwin.

　　2. Do you have a friend who can fix a car?

　　3. Linda showed me the rocks (which/that) she had brought back from Australia.

　　4. It is said that the professor who is going to deliver a speech this afternoon used to be a shy boy.

　　5. The car that hit the tree last night has already been fixed.

　　6. Nobody knows what they have done with the money we donated to the charity.

　　7. The girl who was injured in the accident yesterday is now in hospital.

　　8. This is really encouraging news for those who are fond of literary.

　　9. Andrew stopped the police car that was driving past.

　　10. A child whose parents are both dead is an orphan.

　　11. The experienced guides will take you to the places where Jane Austen lived, walked and shopped.

　　Group 2

　　1. 這可能是我遇到過(guò)的最大的挑戰(zhàn)了。

　　2 我們唯一能做的事情就是保衛(wèi)我們的國(guó)家為自由與獨(dú)立而奮斗。(defend, struggle for)

　　1. It is probably the biggest challenge that I've ever met.

　　2. The only thing we can do now is to defend our country and struggle for freedom and independence.

　　這本書要明年才能出版，這真是讓人掃興。(publish, disappointing)

　　我周一得去醫(yī)院，這就意味著我沒(méi)法看你了。

　　This book won't be published until next year, which is really disappointing.

　　I have to go to hospital on Monday, which means I won't be able to see you.

　　上周一家銀行被一伙人強(qiáng)劫了，其中三個(gè)已被捕。(hold up/rob, arrest)

　　植物生長(zhǎng)的速度受諸多因素影響，其中大部分因素我們沒(méi)法控制。(influence, factor, beyond)

　　A bank was held up by a group of men last week, three of whom have been arrested.

　　The speed of growth of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, most of which are beyond our control.

　　這個(gè)周末可能下雪，如果那樣的話我們就不去Wales了。

　　It might snow this weekend, in which case we won't to go to Wales.

　　1. 那個(gè)司機(jī)，灑后駕車，該對(duì)此次事故負(fù)責(zé)。

　　2. 研究表明，那些善于充分利用人際關(guān)系的人更容易成功。

　　3. 三年前我在家鄉(xiāng)開(kāi)了一個(gè)小餐館，之后去了北京碰碰運(yùn)氣。

　　4. 約翰妻子病了，需要他照顧，不能來(lái)參加婚禮。

　　5. 這個(gè)小姑娘把額外的錢捐贈(zèng)給了慈善機(jī)構(gòu)卻被指責(zé)犯了盜竊罪，這讓她感到非常困惑。

　　6. 她的父母一向聰明而自私，鼓勵(lì)她去經(jīng)商，但是她堅(jiān)持要把一生的時(shí)間都奉獻(xiàn)在教育事業(yè)上。最后她的父母還是同

　　意了她的決定。

　　7. 那些已習(xí)慣依靠父母的人長(zhǎng)大后發(fā)現(xiàn)很難獨(dú)立的做選擇。

　　8. 第二天有人告訴我，一直以來(lái)我唯一尊重的老師逝世了，這讓我難過(guò)了好些日子。

　　9. 她的作文寫的很好，充滿了智慧，但是同學(xué)們卻說(shuō)她不配得到這個(gè)獎(jiǎng)賞，這讓她非常尷尬。

　　10. 現(xiàn)在中國(guó)政府應(yīng)該做的是找出一條更好的辦法來(lái)尋求經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和環(huán)境保護(hù)之間的平衡。

　　1. That driver, who drove after drinking, should be responsible for this accident.

　　2. Researches show that those who are good at making the most of connections are more likely to succeed.

　　3. Three years ago, I ran a small restaurant in my hometown, after which I left for Beijing to try my luck.

　　4. John, whose wife is ill and needs his care, can't attend the wedding.

　　5. The young girl, who donated her extra money to the charity, was charged with theft, which really made her rather confused.

　　6. Her parents, who were smart/shrewd but selfish, encouraged her to go into business, but she insisted on devoting her life to

　　education. Finally, they approved of her decision.

　　7. Those who have been used to depending on their parents find it very hard to make a choice independently when they grow

　　up.

　　8. The following day I was informed that the only teacher I had respected passed away, which made me very sad for a few

　　days.

　　9. Her composition full of wisdom was very nice, but her classmates didn't think she should deserve the award, which made

　　her rather embarrassed.

　　and the environmental protection.

　　10. Now what the Chinese government is supposed to do is to work out a better way to balance the economic development

　　The Chinese government is supposed to work out a better way to balance the economic development and the environmental

　　protection.