锟斤拷锟酵冠狀病锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)注锟斤拷全锟叫囷拷锟斤拷锟截的癸拷锟斤拷锟絣(w锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟铰硷拷锟斤拷锟杰匡拷锟杰筹拷锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷2020锟斤拷呖锟斤拷母锟斤拷锟皆囷拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷趶锟�(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟戒考锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)注锟斤拷锟斤拷l(f锟斤拷)展锟斤拷r锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟窖硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟芥及锟斤拷锟斤拷母呖锟接�锟絑锟斤拷目知锟絉(sh锟斤拷)锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟絶锟絉

锟斤拷锟酵冠狀病锟斤拷 novel coronavirus / new strain of coronavirus

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷 respiratory diseases

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫诧拷锟斤拷 avian influenza virus

锟斤拷锟叫斤拷锟絴锟斤拷 close contacts

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷 incubation period

锟斤拷锟狡诧拷锟斤拷 suspected case

锟絖锟絓锟斤拷锟斤拷 confirmed case

锟矫凤拷锟斤拷 get/catch pneumonia

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絫(y锟斤拷)锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟絕锟斤拷 under medical observation

锟斤拷锟叫诧拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟絳(di锟斤拷o)锟斤拷 epidemiological investigation

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絣(f锟斤拷) virus outbreak

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟介爆锟絣(f锟斤拷) contain the outbreak

锟斤拷(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟斤拷锟斤拷 strict isolation policy

锟統锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷 carrying the virus

锟斤拷锟斤拷(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷染源 super spreader

锟絫(y锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟組(f锟斤拷i)锟矫堬拷(b锟斤拷o)锟絅 reimbursement for medical expenses

锟叫囷拷锟襟部分地區(q锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟街癸拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟給锟斤拷masks tight supplies in large areas of China

锟剿傦拷锟斤拷 human-to-human transmission

锟絫(y锟斤拷)锟斤拷(w锟斤拷)锟剿員锟斤拷染 infection of medical worker

“锟节狀病锟斤拷”英锟斤拷锟斤拷么锟絝锟斤拷

coronavirus 锟节狀病锟斤拷=corona+virus 锟节狅拷锟�+锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟剿达拷“锟斤拷锟酵冠狀病锟斤拷”锟斤拷英锟斤拷锟斤拷novel coronavirus

锟紷锟斤拷锟� novel 锟斤拷锟斤拷“小锟絝”

锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷锟斤拷示“锟斤拷锟酵碉拷”

锟斤拷锟斤拷 a novel feature(锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷)

锟斤拷锟斤拷

Before this outbreak, six coronaviruses had been identified in humans. Four caused relatively mild cold-like symptoms while the other two, Sars and Middle East respiratory syndrome (Mers), can be fatal.

锟剿达拷锟斤拷锟介爆锟絣(f锟斤拷)之前锟斤拷锟斤拷知锟斤拷锟斤拷類冠狀病锟斤拷锟斤拷6锟絅锟斤拷锟侥種锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(du锟斤拷)锟絧锟饺碉拷锟斤拷聘锟矫帮拷Y锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷煞N——锟角碉拷锟斤拷袞|锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紺锟斤拷锟斤拷(MERS)——锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

coronavirus /k??ron?va?r?s/锟节狀病锟斤拷

锟紷锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟絶锟斤拷锟缴分斤拷锟缴诧拷锟街ｏ拷

corona锟斤拷锟节狅拷锟斤拷(锟揭傦拷锟斤拷锟絝锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷” 锟絚 “锟斤拷圈”锟斤拷也锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟絶)

virus锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

fatal /?fe?tl /锟斤拷a. 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷;锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆碉拷;锟斤拷(z锟斤拷i)锟統锟皆碉拷(锟斤拷(du锟斤拷)锟斤拷目前锟侥狅拷r锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷锟侥確锟角很喪碉拷一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟絶锟斤拷!)

infectious disease/?n?fek??s d??zi?z/锟斤拷锟斤拷染锟斤拷

infectious /?n?fek??s /锟斤拷a.锟斤拷染锟斤拷锟斤拷 infect (v. 锟斤拷染;锟斤拷染)+ ious(锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷Y)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)锟斤拷

infect / ?n?fekt/锟斤拷v. 锟斤拷染;锟斤拷染 锟斤拷 in (锟組(j锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷使......)+ fect (锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)锟斤拷——锟桔匡拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟铰冿拷锟斤拷锟斤拷染锟斤拷锟饺�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫猴拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟津病讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟斤拷(du锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥硷拷锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟铰冿拷——锟組(j锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟狡壞嗭拷?

infection / ?n?fek?n/锟斤拷n. 锟斤拷染 锟斤拷 infect +-ion (锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷Y)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)锟斤拷

pneumonia /nu?mo?n??/n.锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟紷锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟絶锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷 pneumon-(锟斤拷)+-ia(锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷Y)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)锟斤拷

锟节狀病锟斤拷通锟斤拷通锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷途锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

1. the air by coughing and sneezing

锟斤拷(j锟斤拷ng)锟缴空氾拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

2. close personal contact, such as touching or shaking hands

通锟絕锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷之锟絞锟侥斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟絴锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

3. touching an object or surface with the virus on it, then touching your mouth, nose, or eyes before washing your hands

通锟絕锟絴锟斤拷锟斤拷品锟斤拷锟饺撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡凤拷锟斤拷锟�?zh锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷原锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节沒洗锟街撅拷锟絴锟斤拷锟届、锟角猴拷锟桔撅拷

4. rarely, fecal contamination

還锟斤拷一锟絅锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷見锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷通锟絕锟絊锟斤拷锟饺�

锟斤拷锟斤拷A(y锟斤拷)锟斤拷“锟节狀病锟斤拷”

1. Clean hands with soap and water or alcohol-based hand rub.

锟矫凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟矫猴拷锟狡撅拷锟斤拷洗锟斤拷液洗锟斤拷锟斤拷

2. Cover nose and mouth when coughing and sneezing with tissue or flexed elbow.

锟斤拷锟皆伙拷锟斤拷锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟阶★拷诒恰锟�

3. Avoid close contact with anyone with cold or flu-like symptoms.

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷懈锟矫帮拷锟斤拷锟斤拷邪Y锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷薪锟斤拷|锟斤拷

4. Thoroughly cook meat and eggs.

锟斤拷锟斤拷類猴拷锟絬锟斤拷锟截碉拷锟斤拷锟届。

5. Avoid unprotected contact with live wild or farm animals.

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷未锟接凤拷锟給(h锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷r锟铰斤拷锟絴野锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷媒锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷(b锟斤拷o)锟斤拷

1. 什么锟角冠狀病锟斤拷锟斤拷

What is a coronavirus?

Coronaviruses are a large group of viruses that are common among animals.

In rare cases, they are what scientists call zoonotic, meaning they can be transmitted (锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟絶)from animals to humans, according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

锟节狀病锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷類筹拷見锟节勶拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷牟锟斤拷锟斤拷目锟斤拷Q锟斤拷

锟斤拷(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡猴拷锟紸(y锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥稱锟斤拷锟节極锟劫旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷r锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡學(xu锟斤拷)锟揭稱之锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟襟共伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷味锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆從勶拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟饺撅拷o锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷

2. 锟节狀病锟斤拷锟結锟斤拷

Coronavirus symptoms

The viruses can make people sick, usually with a mild to moderate upper respiratory tract(锟较猴拷锟斤拷锟斤拷) illness, similar to a common cold.

For those with a weakened immune system, the elderly and the very young, there's a chance the virus could cause a lower, and much more serious, respiratory tract illness like a pneumonia(锟斤拷锟斤拷) or bronchitis(支锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�).

There are a handful of human coronaviruses that are known to be deadly(锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷), such as Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)and SARS (Severe acute respiratory syndrome).

The Wuhan coronavirus is currently thought to be more mild than SARS and MERS and takes longer to develop symptoms. Patients to date have typically experienced a mild cough for a week followed by shortness of breath(锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷). So far, around 15% to 20% of cases have become severe, requiring, for example, ventilation in the hospital.

通锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟絧锟叫讹拷锟较猴拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟結锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟酵�锟斤拷冒锟斤拷锟斤拷(du锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿和冿拷童锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫匡拷锟杰岋拷(d锟斤拷o)锟铰革拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷n)锟截碉拷锟铰诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷谆锟街э拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷些锟节狀病锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫東锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紺锟斤拷锟斤拷(MERS)锟斤拷SARS锟斤拷

目前锟絁(r锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷h锟节狀病锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絕SARS锟斤拷MERS锟斤拷锟斤拷睾停锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷r(sh锟斤拷)锟絞锟斤拷锟絃锟斤拷锟斤拷目前锟斤拷止锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷通锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟杰冿拷(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟絧微锟斤拷锟皆ｏ拷锟絊锟斤拷锟斤拷F(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟劫癥锟斤拷锟斤拷目前锟斤拷锟斤拷s15%锟斤拷20%锟侥诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷F(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷r锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷院锟斤拷锟斤拷锟杰猴拷锟斤拷锟紺(j锟斤拷)锟轿�锟�锟斤拷

3. 锟斤拷锟斤拷途锟斤拷

How does it spread?

Viruses can spread from human contact(锟斤拷锟絴) with animals.

When it comes to human-to-human transmission(锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶) of the viruses, often it happens when someone comes into contact with an infected person's secretions(锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷), such as droplets(小水锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯沫)in a cough.

Depending on how virulent the virus is, a cough, sneeze or handshake could cause exposure(锟斤拷露锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴). The virus can also be transmitted by touching something an infected person has touched and then touching your mouth, nose or eyes.

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷通锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷c锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷慕锟斤拷|锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷之锟絞锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷通锟斤拷锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟节斤拷锟絴锟斤拷锟斤拷染锟竭的凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷r(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷詴r(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絯沫锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆★拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷侄锟斤拷锟斤拷軐锟�(d锟斤拷o)锟铰憋拷露锟斤拷锟紷锟絅锟斤拷锟斤拷也锟斤拷锟斤拷通锟絕锟絴锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷染锟斤拷锟絴锟斤拷锟絕锟侥東锟斤拷锟斤拷然锟斤拷锟絴锟斤拷锟届、锟斤拷锟接伙拷锟桔撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷

4. 锟斤拷染锟斤拷群

Who is affected?

MERS, SARS and the Wuhan coronavirus appear to cause more severe disease in older people, though uncertainty remains around the latest outbreak(锟斤拷锟絣(f锟斤拷)). Of the cases of Wuhan coronavirus reported so far, none are yet confirmed to be among children. The average age is people 40 or over.

锟組锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絟锟节狀病锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆诧拷锟絖锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷MERS锟斤拷SARS锟斤拷锟斤拷h锟节狀病锟斤拷锟狡猴拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫曪拷(hu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(y锟斤拷n)锟截的癥锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(b锟斤拷o)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷h锟节狀病锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷未锟紺锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟叫冿拷童锟斤拷染锟斤拷锟斤拷染锟斤拷平锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絞锟斤拷40锟絨锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

5. 锟节狀病锟斤拷锟斤拷染锟斤拷锟轿�锟�

Coronavirus treatment

There is no specific treatment, but research is underway. Most of the time, symptoms will go away on their own(锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷失) and experts advise seeking care early. If symptoms feel worse than a standard cold, see your doctor.

Doctors can relieve(锟斤拷锟斤拷) symptoms by prescribing(锟絖處锟斤拷)a pain or fever medication.

目前還锟絔锟叫撅拷锟絯锟斤拷锟轿�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟組(j锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷r锟铰癥锟斤拷锟�(hu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷失锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭斤拷锟絟锟組锟界尋锟斤拷锟轿�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟結锟斤拷葮锟�(bi锟斤拷o)锟斤拷(zh锟斤拷n)锟斤拷冒锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷請(q锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟絫(y锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟絫(y锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷通锟絕锟絖止痛藥锟斤拷锟剿燂拷藥锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷Y锟斤拷锟斤拷

6. 锟斤拷h锟斤拷锟酵冠狀病锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷n)锟截程讹拷

Should you worry about the Wuhan coronavirus?

The Wuhan coronavirus fatality rate(锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷) is lower than for SARS and MERS, but still comparable(锟洁當(d锟斤拷ng)) to the 1918 Spanish flu pandemic(锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫诧拷). The fatality rate is likely to be lower due to an "iceberg" of milder cases we are yet to find.

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How can you prevent it?

You may be able to reduce your risk of infection(锟斤拷染) by avoiding people who are sick. Try to avoid touching your eyes, nose and mouth. Wash your hands often with soap and water and for at least 20 seconds.

Awareness is key. If you are sick and have reason to believe it may be the Wuhan coronavirus due to travel to the region or coming into contact with someone who has been there, you should let a health care provider know and seek treatment early.

Cover your mouth and nose when you cough or sneeze, and disinfect(锟斤拷锟斤拷) the objects and surfaces you touch.

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