锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)前锟斤拷6锟斤拷锟斤拷變锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟侥匡拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷元锟截的種類ｏ拷元锟截碉拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷微锟絕锟斤拷原锟接的種锟�锟斤拷原锟接的旓拷(sh锟斤拷)目锟斤拷原锟接碉拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷W(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)前锟斤拷2锟斤拷一锟斤拷變锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟侥種類ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟缴ｏ拷锟斤拷微锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接的種锟�锟斤拷1锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷變锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接的匡拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷1锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)前锟斤拷變锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絆(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷系锟統(t锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷通锟絕計锟斤拷贸锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(y锟斤拷ng)前锟斤拷系锟統(t锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷變?y锟斤拷u)?Delta;H锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�ΔH計锟斤拷锟截�(f锟斤拷)值锟斤拷锟絫锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟截烇拷艧岱达拷锟�(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界：燃锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷燃锟斤拷锟絚锟秸氾拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟解劇锟揭凤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟脚筹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�ΔH計锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷值锟斤拷锟絫锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟截烇拷锟斤拷锟结反锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界：石锟斤拷石锟节高滐拷锟铰凤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟街斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷}锟斤拷锟斤拷石锟揭ｏ拷锟酵讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷碳锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�ΔH計锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟絫锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷也锟斤拷锟脚燂拷锟斤拷锟斤拷绮伙拷锟斤拷w系锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯系也锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷還锟角放燂拷锟斤拷全锟斤拷锟絯系锟斤拷 ΔH锟絈锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟角凤拷锟組(j锟斤拷n)锟叫則锟斤拷全锟斤拷锟絯系锟斤拷锟缴硷拷锟斤拷斯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷ΔG锟斤拷锟斤拷示锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯計锟姐公式锟斤拷锟铰ｏ拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷ΔG=ΔH-TΔS

锟斤拷锟斤拷ΔG锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟杰革拷變锟斤拷ΔH锟斤拷锟绞革拷變锟斤拷锟斤拷ΔS锟絫锟斤拷锟截革拷變锟斤拷T锟斤拷锟絖锟斤拷锟侥溫讹拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷2锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟絞锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟統(t锟斤拷ng)锟絕锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟絁(r锟斤拷n)锟介，锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷撞锟轿筹拷锟斤拷锟絕锟筋化锟斤拷(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷撞锟侥勶拷锟斤拷使锟筋化锟斤拷(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷@锟矫革拷锟竭碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷o)锟铰橈拷(g锟斤拷u)锟缴凤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟絀锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟截組锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷锟絅锟絕锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟斤拷(d锟斤拷o)锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟筋化锟斤拷(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷慕Y(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷同锟絩锟絖锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷t锟斤拷锟斤拷跍y锟斤拷锟斤拷(zh锟斤拷n)原锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一些锟斤拷锟斤拷W(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絁(r锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟紿锟斤拷锟紷些锟斤拷(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷未锟斤拷锟斤拷拇锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絞锟斤拷一些锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥活化锟絡(lu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷^锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷菫閷�(sh锟斤拷)锟�(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟杰ｏ拷锟斤拷?y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷?y锟斤拷ng)锟紺(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷r锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷F(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷論锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟窖斤拷(j锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟皆撅拷锟絖锟斤拷計锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞筹拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一些锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷锟轿的凤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絕锟教的態(t锟斤拷i)锟街憋拷锟斤拷息也锟斤拷锟皆獲锟矫★拷

锟斤拷锟铰高匡拷锟結訊锟斤拷锟竭匡拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷前锟斤拷(zh锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷志愿锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟饺★拷锟�?j锟斤拷n)?sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟竭匡拷锟絩锟絞锟斤拷锟斤拷全锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷(ji锟斤拷)锟絚(di锟斤拷n)

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟組锟斤拷"锟竭匡拷锟絎(w锟斤拷ng)"微锟脚癸拷锟斤拷號