锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷飽和讹拷锟斤拷锟街稱缺锟斤拷指锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟竭環(hu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟絧锟絀指锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫機(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷硬锟斤柡统潭鹊锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(bi锟斤拷o)志锟斤拷锟斤拷希锟紻锟斤拷母Ω锟斤拷示锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫機(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟矫侊拷(l锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(hu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡旓拷锟叫機(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷Y(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟矫★拷锟斤拷锟铰撅拷锟角诧拷飽和讹拷計(j锟斤拷)锟姐公式

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷飽和度癸拷式锟斤拷锟皆庯拷锟斤拷使锟斤拷锟竭確锟斤拷要锟斤拷(hu锟斤拷)锟侥伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫讹拷锟劫傦拷(g锟斤拷)锟絟(hu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟絧锟絀锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絀锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟杰給锟斤拷锟絟(hu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絧锟絀锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絀锟斤拷锟皆的確锟叫旓拷(sh锟斤拷)目锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角環(hu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟絧锟絀锟皆硷拷锟缴憋拷锟斤拷锟絀(锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絀锟斤拷2锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷飽和讹拷)锟侥旓拷(sh锟斤拷)目锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷K锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节核磁癸拷锟斤拷(NMR)锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟絍锟酵紅锟斤拷锟斤拷V(IR)锟皆硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷息锟斤拷(l锟斤拷i)锟絖锟絁(r锟斤拷n)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷1)锟斤拷锟叫機(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷咏Y(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)計(j锟斤拷)锟姐不飽和度的凤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(j锟斤拷)锟叫機(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷咏Y(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)計(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷Ω=锟絧锟絀锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)+锟斤拷锟絀锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)×2+锟絟(hu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界苯:Ω=3+0×2+1=4 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴匡拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟絧锟絀锟斤拷一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟絟(hu锟斤拷n)锟侥結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)锟斤拷式锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絘(b锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絝(shu锟斤拷)锟斤拷:

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絀锟斤拷(du锟斤拷)锟斤拷飽和度诧拷锟絘(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷影锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絅锟侥诧拷飽和讹拷锟斤拷0(锟斤拷锟斤拷原锟接撅拷锟斤拷飽猴拷)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟絧锟絀(烯锟絅锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�)貢锟絀(xi锟斤拷n)1锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷飽和讹拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絀(炔锟絅锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�)貢锟絀(xi锟斤拷n)2锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷飽和讹拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟絟(hu锟斤拷n)(锟斤拷h(hu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷N)貢锟絀(xi锟斤拷n)1锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷飽和讹拷锟斤拷锟絟(hu锟斤拷n)烯锟絅貢锟絀(xi锟斤拷n)2锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷飽和度★拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絟(hu锟斤拷n)貢锟絀(xi锟斤拷n)4锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷飽和讹拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)碳锟斤拷锟絧锟絀貢锟絀(xi锟斤拷n)1锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷飽和讹拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)-NO2貢锟絀(xi锟斤拷n)1锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷飽和讹拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷:锟斤拷烯锟侥诧拷飽和度烇拷1锟斤拷锟斤拷炔锟侥诧拷飽和度烇拷2锟斤拷锟絟(hu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷酮锟侥诧拷飽和讹拷也锟斤拷2锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷2)锟侥凤拷锟斤拷式計(j锟斤拷)锟姐不飽和度的凤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟絅锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷通锟矫癸拷式:

锟斤拷锟斤拷Ω=1+1/2∑Ni(Vi-2)

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷Vi锟斤拷锟斤拷某元锟截的伙拷锟较價(ji锟斤拷)锟侥絕锟斤拷(du锟斤拷)值锟斤拷Ni锟斤拷锟斤拷該锟絅元锟斤拷原锟接的旓拷(sh锟斤拷)目锟斤拷∑锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷锟絅锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絤锟斤拷锟节忥拷(f锟斤拷)锟絪锟侥伙拷锟斤拷锟斤。

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节讹拷锟絅锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷只锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆硷拷锟轿價(ji锟斤拷)锟絬锟截碉拷計(j锟斤拷)锟姐公式:

锟斤拷锟斤拷Ω=C+1-(H-N)/2

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫ｏ拷C锟斤拷锟斤拷碳原锟接的旓拷(sh锟斤拷)目锟斤拷H锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絬锟斤拷原锟接的匡拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷N锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷原锟接的旓拷(sh锟斤拷)目锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絩(ji锟斤拷)原锟接岋拷(du锟斤拷)锟斤拷飽和讹拷計(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷](m锟斤拷i)锟斤拷貢锟絀(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟绞诧拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟絔锟斤拷原锟接旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟紷锟絅锟斤拷锟斤拷只锟絤锟斤拷锟节猴拷碳锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟轿價(ji锟斤拷)锟絬锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絅锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(ji锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷只锟斤拷锟斤拷碳C锟酵氾拷H锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接�(j锟斤拷)锟姐公式:

锟斤拷锟斤拷Ω =(2C+2-H)/2

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷C锟斤拷H锟街別锟斤拷碳原锟接和氾拷原锟接的旓拷(sh锟斤拷)目锟斤拷锟紷锟絅锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絤锟斤拷锟斤拷只锟斤拷碳锟酵氾拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷幕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絘(b锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絝(shu锟斤拷)锟斤拷:

锟斤拷锟斤拷(1)锟斤拷锟叫機(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷楹�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷?y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絩(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷C=O锟絚CH2"锟斤拷效"锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷CH2=CH2(锟斤拷烯)锟斤拷CH3CHO(锟斤拷醛)锟斤拷CH3COOH(锟斤拷锟斤拷)锟侥诧拷飽和讹拷Ω锟斤拷1锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(2)锟叫機(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷械锟斤拷u锟斤拷原锟斤拷取锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷視锟斤拷锟斤拷原锟斤拷計(j锟斤拷)锟姐不飽和讹拷Ω锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷:C2H3Cl锟斤拷Ω锟斤拷1锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紽(tu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷-NH2锟斤拷-SO3H锟饺讹拷視锟斤拷锟皆�锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(3)碳锟斤拷同锟截�锟斤拷锟斤拷w锟斤拷锟缴岋拷锟斤拷視锟斤拷锟斤拷原锟接旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷0锟侥烴锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷C60(锟斤拷锟斤拷烯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟竭革拷锟斤拷烯锟斤拷Buckminster fullerene)

锟斤拷锟斤拷(4)锟斤拷N锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷牟锟斤柡投锟�Ω=0

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷CH4(锟斤拷锟斤拷)

锟斤拷锟斤拷(5)锟叫機(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷泻锟斤拷锟絅锟斤拷P锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絩(ji锟斤拷)原锟接時(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷每锟斤拷锟斤拷1锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絩(ji锟斤拷)原锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絫锟斤拷效锟斤拷p锟斤拷1锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷原锟接★拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷CH3NH2(锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷)锟侥诧拷飽和讹拷Ω=0锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(6)C=C碳碳锟絧锟絀锟侥诧拷飽和讹拷Ω=1;碳碳锟斤拷锟絀锟侥诧拷飽和讹拷Ω=2锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(7)锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷锟絔锟叫機(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷\锟斤拷Y(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u))锟斤拷飽和度碉拷計(j锟斤拷)锟姐，锟斤拷森h(hu锟斤拷n)锟侥诧拷飽和度憋拷锟芥數(sh锟斤拷)锟劫旓拷(sh锟斤拷)1锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟芥數(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷6锟斤拷锟戒不飽和讹拷Ω=6-1=5

锟斤拷锟斤拷(8)锟斤拷(du锟斤拷)锟节烴锟侥猴拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(CnHmOz)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节氾拷原锟接碉拷锟斤拷锟街狄诧拷锟�2n+2(锟斤拷飽猴拷一元锟斤拷CnH2n+2O)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟戒不飽和讹拷也锟斤拷锟姐，锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷飽猴拷一元醛(CnH2nO)锟斤拷飽猴拷一元锟斤拷锟斤拷(CnH2nO2)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节猴拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)碳锟斤拷锟絧锟絀锟斤拷锟斤拷同碳锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷飽猴拷一元锟斤拷锟絧锟斤拷锟斤拷2锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷原锟斤拷锟斤拷也锟斤拷視锟斤拷锟戒不飽和讹拷Ω=1锟斤拷锟紷锟接ｏ拷锟斤拷(du锟斤拷)锟斤拷一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟叫機(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�--锟絅锟斤拷N锟侥猴拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤，只要知锟斤拷锟斤拷锟戒不飽和度ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡旓拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟杰的結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)系:

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷Ω=0锟斤拷锟絝(shu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟叫機(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟接筹拷飽猴拷鏈狀，锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫碉拷碳?x锟斤拷)锟皆�锟斤拷锟斤拷CnH2n+2(锟剿烇拷飽和烴锟斤拷锟斤拷式通式)锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)系锟斤拷锟节★拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷Ω=1锟斤拷锟絝(shu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟叫機(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫猴拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟絧锟絀锟斤拷一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟絟(hu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷Ω=2锟斤拷锟絝(shu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟叫機(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫猴拷锟叫兩傦拷(g锟斤拷)锟絧锟絀锟斤拷一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絀锟斤拷一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟絧锟絀一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟絟(hu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷蓚锟�(g锟斤拷)锟絟(hu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷Ω≥4锟斤拷锟絝(shu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟叫機(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫匡拷锟杰猴拷锟叫憋拷锟絟(hu锟斤拷n)(C6H6)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟絔锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟竭匡拷锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)知锟絉(sh锟斤拷)锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟絉锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟統锟角伙拷锟斤拷锟竭�锟角硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟铰高匡拷锟結訊锟斤拷锟竭匡拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷前锟斤拷(zh锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷志愿锟斤拷锟�(b锟斤拷o)锟斤拷锟饺★拷锟�?j锟斤拷n)?sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟竭匡拷锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟絞锟斤拷锟斤拷全锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷(ji锟斤拷)锟絚(di锟斤拷n)

锟組锟斤拷"锟竭匡拷锟絎(w锟斤拷ng)"微锟脚癸拷锟斤拷號(h锟斤拷o)