锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷指锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟节恒壓锟皆硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷脹锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷r锟铰發(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷使锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷臏囟然氐锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞硷拷囟锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷诜锟斤拷锟�(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷I锟杰匡拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絀锟杰匡拷锟斤拷之锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷1锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷什么

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷墓锟绞斤拷锟絈p=锟斤拷U+p锟斤拷V=锟斤拷U+RT∑vB锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷指锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟节恒壓锟皆硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷脹锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷r锟铰發(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷使锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷臏囟然氐锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞硷拷囟锟�锟斤拷锟紷锟絩锟絯系锟斤拷锟脚筹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟秸的燂拷锟斤拷锟絈锟介反锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟结。

锟斤拷锟斤拷也锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絝锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷通锟斤拷锟斤拷指锟斤拷锟絯系锟节等溫★拷锟饺夛拷锟絕锟斤拷锟叫發(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷變锟斤拷锟絩锟斤拷锟脚筹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟秸的燂拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷W(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟叫讹拷N锟斤拷式锟斤拷锟界：锟斤拷锟缴熱、燃锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫和燂拷取锟斤拷锟斤拷W(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟侥燂拷锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷通锟絕锟斤拷锟統锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟矫碉拷锟斤拷要锟絰锟斤拷锟絈锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷計”锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷KJ/mol锟斤拷锟角岋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷指每摩锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷苑艧锟斤拷锟斤拷千锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角岋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷指锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟給锟侥伙拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)式锟斤拷計锟斤拷系锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷煞锟斤拷锟�(y锟斤拷ng)锟絩锟斤拷每摩锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟絘(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟侥燂拷效锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟节等溫等夛拷锟铰發(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絩锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷效锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷系锟統(t锟斤拷ng)锟侥狅拷B(t锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟绞碉拷變锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷請?zh锟斤拷)貏e锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)注锟较撅拷锟叫碉拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絩”锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷電池凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷效锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟絈锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷系锟統(t锟斤拷ng)锟侥狅拷B(t锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)H锟斤拷變锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷H锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷2锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟接嬶拷惴斤拷锟�

锟斤拷锟斤拷1锟斤拷通锟絕锟斤拷锟統锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(j锟斤拷)锟饺燂拷锟捷癸拷式锟組锟斤拷計锟姐：Q=cm锟斤拷t锟斤拷锟劫革拷锟斤拷(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷Q锟斤拷锟襟反戯拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟结。

锟斤拷锟斤拷2锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷|(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟饺★拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷3锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絀锟斤拷計锟姐反锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷通锟斤拷锟窖诧拷锟絖1mol某锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟絀锟斤拷锟斤拷锟秸碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷該锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟絀锟斤拷锟絀锟杰ｏ拷锟絀锟斤拷通锟斤拷锟斤拷E锟斤拷示锟斤拷锟斤拷位锟斤拷kJ/mol锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷計锟姐方锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷H=ΣE锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤）-ΣE锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤）锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷诜锟斤拷锟�(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷I锟杰匡拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絀锟杰匡拷锟斤拷之锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界反锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)H2(g)+Cl2(g)=2HCl(g)锟斤拷锟斤拷H=E(H-H)+E(Cl-Cl)-2E(H-Cl)

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟截擄拷潜锟绞撅拷锟斤拷锟�(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷還锟角放燂拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷拇锟叫★拷r锟斤拷要注锟斤拷锟斤拷c锟斤拷只锟斤拷锟絕锟戒數(sh锟斤拷)值锟斤拷小锟斤拷锟斤拷锟杰把旓拷(sh锟斤拷)值锟斤拷前锟斤拷锟�“+”“-”锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷“+”“-”锟紿锟斤拷示锟斤拷锟斤拷头艧锟�锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷要注锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷|(zh锟斤拷)锟侥聚硷拷锟斤拷B(t锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟絤锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷同锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟侥聚硷拷锟斤拷B(t锟斤拷i)锟斤拷同锟斤拷锟戒反锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷臄锟�(sh锟斤拷)值也锟斤拷锟斤拷同锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟絔锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟竭匡拷锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)知锟絉锟絚锟絉锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷見锟斤拷還原锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷些

锟斤拷锟铰高匡拷锟結訊锟斤拷锟竭匡拷锟斤拷锟竭★拷锟斤拷前锟绞傦拷锟斤拷志愿锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟饺★拷謹锟�(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟竭匡拷锟絩锟絞锟斤拷锟斤拷全锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷(ji锟斤拷)锟絚

锟組锟斤拷"锟竭匡拷锟絎(w锟斤拷ng)"微锟脚癸拷锟斤拷號