锟斤拷锟斤拷锟藉朝锟斤拷锟絰锟揭傦拷锟斤拷锟斤拷姆饨�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞凤拷锟揭诧拷锟洁，锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷o(j锟斤拷)小小锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟酵登伙拷锟斤拷锟角讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷y(t锟斤拷ng)一锟侥猴拷锟絣(w锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟藉朝锟侥帮拷D锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿讹拷盛锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫囷拷锟絋锟斤拷实锟斤拷卸锟斤拷菙锟�(sh锟斤拷)一锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟侥撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷軍锟斤拷锟较的诧拷锟杰ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟轿斤拷(j锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷(j锟斤拷)锟侥伙拷锟斤拷也锟斤拷锟絋锟斤拷貢锟絀(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟絛锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絛锟睫園锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絛锟斤拷锟截教等达拷施锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷苿锟斤拷藝锟斤拷业陌l(f锟斤拷)展锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷1锟藉朝锟筋厲锟斤拷锟侥皇碉拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞碉拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷什么锟斤拷锟斤拷锟杰夛拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭傦拷锟饺侊拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥成匡拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷o(j锟斤拷)小小锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟酵登伙拷锟斤拷14锟絨锟絖始锟斤拷(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角伙拷锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷o(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷小锟斤拷一直锟斤拷锟斤拷(qu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟捷夛拷锟斤拷锟斤拷16锟絨锟酵憑锟斤拷锟皆硷拷锟斤拷锟角慧诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟捷猴拷锟斤拷锟捷碉拷锟絟锟斤拷锟斤拷迅锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿帮拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥勶拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷20锟絨锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷(j锟斤拷ng)锟絕8锟斤拷膶锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷詤锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟阶碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷之锟斤拷锟街統(t锟斤拷ng)一锟剿岋拷锟絬锟絖锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷y(t锟斤拷ng)一锟侥猴拷锟絣(w锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟藉朝锟侥帮拷D锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿讹拷盛锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫囷拷锟絋锟斤拷实锟斤拷卸锟斤拷菙锟�(sh锟斤拷)一锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟侥撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷軍锟斤拷锟较的诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟轿斤拷(j锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷(j锟斤拷)锟侥伙拷锟斤拷也锟斤拷锟絋锟斤拷貢锟絀(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟絛锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絛锟睫園锟街★拷锟絛锟斤拷锟截教等达拷施锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷苿锟斤拷藝锟斤拷业陌l(f锟斤拷)展锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟轿何歷史锟较沒锟叫盡锟狡盡锟斤拷锟侥撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷每锟斤拷锟绞帝讹拷锟斤拷锟皆硷拷锟侥冿拷(y锟斤拷u)缺锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟角非癸拷锟絕锟斤拷锟揭傦拷也只锟杰從現(xi锟斤拷n)锟叫的歷史锟結锟斤拷锟斤拷去探锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟绞帝�锟�(d锟斤拷ng)?sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟藉朝锟斤拷锟斤拷?sh锟斤拷)锟绞帝讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(w锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絔锟叫荒廢锟斤拷锟斤拷輩锟矫诧拷锟斤拷锟阶达拷锟铰的斤拷山锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷2锟藉朝锟絭锟斤拷锟绞碉拷一锟絒

锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷太锟芥：努锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絏锟絖·努锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷67锟絨锟斤拷锟结福锟斤拷{锟斤拷陽東锟斤拷}锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(qu锟斤拷n)锟侥斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷位锟缴猴拷锟斤拷1625锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷陽ｏ拷锟統(t锟斤拷ng)一女锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷(chu锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡度ｏ拷锟斤拷(chu锟斤拷ng)锟組锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絒脫奴锟絗锟狡讹拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絏锟絖·锟斤拷太锟絆锟絈锟桔猴拷追锟斤拷努锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷太锟斤拷呋实锟�锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絬號锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷V锟絓(y锟斤拷n)圣锟斤拷锟斤拷锟截紀(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絆锟斤拷孝锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷J锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥讹拷锟絀(y锟斤拷)锟斤拷实锟�锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷太锟节ｏ拷锟斤拷太锟絆 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絏锟絖·锟斤拷太锟絆,锟斤拷锟斤拷51锟絨锟斤拷锟斤拷盛锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�8锟斤拷9锟斤拷21锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷1626锟疥，锟絕位锟斤拷锟缴猴拷锟斤拷1636锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷太锟絆锟斤拷盛锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞碉拷位锟斤拷锟侥囷拷號锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷”

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絬號锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟絛锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟截岋拷锟斤拷圣锟叫�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟窖讹拷隆锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷锟侥皇帝ｏ拷锟斤拷锟絈锟侥皇碉拷锟斤拷 努锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷诎锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷母锟斤拷孝锟饺高皇猴拷锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟芥：锟斤拷锟� 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絏锟絖·锟斤拷锟街ｏ拷1638锟斤拷3锟斤拷15锟斤拷—1661锟斤拷2锟斤拷5锟秸ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷24锟絨锟斤拷锟疥寢锟斤拷锟斤拷|锟斤拷之孝锟疥，锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷陽硷拷位锟斤拷锟斤拷號锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷1644锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絫锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絨锟角伙拷锟斤拷14锟絨锟紿锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絬號锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷隆锟絓(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟統(t锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟絆英睿欽锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷锟铰弘功锟斤拷锟绞硷拷孝锟铰皇帝ｏ拷锟斤拷锟絈锟铰皇碉拷锟斤拷 锟斤拷太锟絆锟节撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷母锟斤拷孝锟絝锟侥皇后、科狅拷锟竭诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟较ｏ拷锟斤拷圣锟斤拷太锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥★拷锟斤拷圣锟芥：锟斤拷锟斤拷 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絏锟絖·锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷位61锟斤拷锟斤拷锟结景锟斤拷锟斤拷1661锟斤拷2锟斤拷17锟斤拷8锟絨锟斤拷位锟斤拷锟斤拷號锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷平锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡讹拷锟斤拷_锟斤拷锟叫讹拷蓢锟斤拷|锟斤拷邊锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絊锟給(h锟斤拷)锟酵加忥拷(qi锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷医y(t锟斤拷ng)一锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絬號锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷\(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷芄锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆Ｐ�锟斤拷锟絓锟斤拷锟叫和癸拷锟铰达拷锟斤拷驶实邸锟� 锟斤拷锟絉锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷母锟斤拷孝锟斤拷锟铰皇猴拷佟锟斤拷锟较★拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷雍锟斤拷 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絏锟絖·胤锟紾锟斤拷锟斤拷元1678锟斤拷—锟斤拷元1735锟疥）锟斤拷58锟絨锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷之泰锟斤拷锟斤拷1722—1735锟斤拷锟斤拷位锟斤拷锟斤拷號雍锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接忥拷(qi锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絛锟斤拷锟街獄锟斤拷锟斤拷(chu锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷軍锟紺(j锟斤拷)處平锟斤拷锟洁海锟斤拷锟缴癸拷锟紽锟斤拷l(f锟斤拷)锟接碉拷锟窖亂锟斤拷锟斤拷訂锟叫讹拷蓢锟斤拷卸锟竭咃拷锟�锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絬號锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷\(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟叫憋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷英锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞ワ拷锟叫�锟斤拷锟絓锟斤拷锟绞碉拷 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷母孝锟斤拷锟绞皇猴拷锟斤拷锟斤拷稀锟斤拷B(y锟斤拷ng)母锟斤拷孝懿锟绞皇猴拷佟锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷冢锟角�隆 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絏锟絖·锟斤拷v锟斤拷1711锟斤拷9锟斤拷25锟斤拷锟接時(sh锟斤拷)—1799锟斤拷2锟斤拷7锟秸ｏ拷锟斤拷89锟絨锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷|锟斤拷裕锟斤拷锟斤拷乾隆锟斤拷雍锟斤拷十锟斤拷锟疥即位锟斤拷锟斤拷號乾隆锟斤拷 锟截碉拷平锟斤拷锟缴癸拷锟窖亂锟斤拷锟接忥拷(qi锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷邊锟斤拷锟侥癸拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷輯锟斤拷锟侥庯拷全锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷也锟斤拷锟斤拷N锟斤拷锟酵刪锟斤拷锟剿达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟藉朝锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥曪拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆稱“十全锟戒功”锟斤拷十全锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆居ｏ拷1796锟斤拷锟斤拷锟経位锟斤拷太锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆稱太锟较伙拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絬號锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷隆锟絓(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟絓锟斤拷锟絏锟絯元锟斤拷锟絆锟斤拷锟侥奮锟斤拷孝锟斤拷锟斤拷圣锟斤拷锟绞帝ｏ拷锟斤拷锟絈“锟斤拷锟绞碉拷”锟斤拷 胤锟紾锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷母锟紿锟斤拷孝圣锟斤拷锟绞猴拷锟給锟斤祿锟较ｏ拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节ｏ拷锟轿慶 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絏锟絖·锟絁锟斤拷锟斤拷1760锟斤拷11锟斤拷13锟斤拷—1820锟斤拷9锟斤拷2锟秸ｏ拷锟斤拷61锟絨锟斤拷原锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷M锟絖锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥稱锟絁锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷號锟轿慶锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷辏�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟疥）锟斤拷位锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟絞锟斤拷1795锟斤拷—1820锟疥）锟斤拷位锟斤拷锟絞锟藉朝锟窖斤拷(j锟斤拷ng)锟絖始锟斤拷锟斤拷衰锟斤拷锟斤拷锟截高度硷拷锟叫ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紸锟斤拷矛锟杰硷拷锟絁锟斤拷锟絩(n锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷l(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷1813锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一只锟斤拷锟絰軍一锟饺癸拷锟組(j锟斤拷n)锟绞宮

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絬號锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絛锟絓(y锟斤拷n)锟襟化斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷慕锟�(j锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷孝锟斤拷锟节冿拷锟斤拷锟斤拷英锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷实锟� 锟斤拷v锟斤拷十锟斤拷锟接ｏ拷锟斤拷母锟斤拷孝锟絰锟斤拷锟绞猴拷锟斤拷魏锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絏锟絖·锟紽锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷1782锟斤拷9锟斤拷16锟斤拷—1850锟斤拷2锟斤拷25锟秸ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷位31锟疥（1820—1850锟疥）锟斤拷锟終锟斤拷67锟絨锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟疥寢锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷慕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷號锟斤拷锟解，锟斤拷锟絋锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷訂锟较撅拷锟絣锟絪

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絬號锟斤拷效锟斤拷锟斤拷\(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷圣锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞慈冿拷锟斤拷孝锟斤拷锟缴皇帝★拷 锟絁锟斤拷锟节讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷母锟斤拷孝锟斤拷屎锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷D锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节ｏ拷锟斤拷锟絊 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絏锟絖·锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷31锟絨锟斤拷1850—1861锟斤拷锟斤拷位锟斤拷锟疥寢锟斤拷锟斤拷锟疥（锟斤拷|锟疥）锟斤拷號锟斤拷锟絊锟斤拷锟节革拷锟紿锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭伙拷锟斤拷茽锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟轿伙拷锟斤拷诒锟斤拷l(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷太平锟斤拷锟斤拷r(n锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷1856锟斤拷诙锟斤拷锟斤拷f片锟斤拷(zh锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷訂一系锟叫诧拷平锟饺條锟絪锟斤拷英锟斤拷聯(li锟斤拷n)軍一直锟津到帝讹拷锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷锟接碉拷锟斤拷颖锟斤拷锟缴斤拷f锟斤拷锟侥此沒锟节凤拷锟绞宮

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锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷些锟絚同锟轿皇帝讹拷锟絔锟斤拷锟斤拷P(gu锟斤拷n)系锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟侥統(t锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟竭岋拷(sh锟斤拷)锟紿锟斤拷锟角达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絛锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟劫诧拷锟斤拷锟铰碉拷锟紹童锟斤拷锟紿锟斤拷锟皆猴拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷实锟�锟斤拷锟絖锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟角癸拷負(f锟斤拷)锟剿筹拷野锟斤拷锟铰岋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紿锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟届花锟斤拷

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