锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟結锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟节ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(ch锟斤拷ng)锟街癸拷锟絀(y锟斤拷)锟紸锟轿ｏ拷锟斤拷14锟斤拷锟給(j锟斤拷)---18锟斤拷锟給(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷锟斤拷

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锟斤拷锟斤拷2锟斤拷锟斤拷藝锟斤拷(f锟斤拷)锟絛(14锟斤拷锟給(j锟斤拷)---17锟斤拷锟給(j锟斤拷))锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷3锟斤拷锟节教改革（16锟斤拷17锟斤拷锟給(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絉锟斤拷路锟铰改革拷锟絖始锟斤拷1517锟疥）锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷4锟斤拷锟铰猴拷路锟絖锟劫ｏ拷15锟斤拷锟給(j锟斤拷)---16锟斤拷锟給(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟较侊拷士锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角ｏ拷1488锟疥）锟斤拷锟絖(d锟斤拷)伽锟絉锟絖(d锟斤拷)印锟饺ｏ拷1498锟疥）锟斤拷锟界倫锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟轿碉拷锟絖(d锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟睫ｏ拷1492锟疥）锟斤拷锟斤拷锟杰傦拷锟絟(hu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絖始锟斤拷1519锟疥）锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷5锟斤拷英锟斤拷(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟給锟斤拷艦锟�(du锟斤拷)锟斤拷1588锟疥）锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷6锟斤拷英锟斤拷(gu锟斤拷)锟节憋拷锟斤拷锟紷锟矫碉拷一锟終殖锟斤拷锟�---锟斤拷锟斤拷锟结亞锟斤拷1607锟疥）锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷7锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絤锟缴烇拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟较碉拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絉車锟斤拷”锟斤拷17锟斤拷锟給(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷8锟斤拷英锟斤拷(gu锟斤拷)锟紺锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絣锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷1651锟疥）锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷9锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷英锟缴戯拷(zh锟斤拷n)锟斤拷(zh锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷1652锟斤拷---1674锟疥）锟斤拷

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锟斤拷锟斤拷11锟斤拷英锟斤拷(gu锟斤拷)锟紺锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(qu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷1689锟疥）锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷12锟斤拷英锟斤拷(gu锟斤拷)責(z锟斤拷)锟轿冿拷(n锟斤拷i)锟絯锟斤拷锟轿成诧拷锟斤拷锟狡ｏ拷18锟斤拷锟給(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷13锟斤拷英锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(zh锟斤拷n)锟斤拷(zh锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷1756锟斤拷---1763锟疥）锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷14锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絓(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷17锟斤拷18锟斤拷锟給(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷15锟斤拷牛锟紻锟斤拷(j锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟絯系锟絖锟斤拷锟斤拷17锟斤拷锟給(j锟斤拷)末锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷16锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(gu锟斤拷)锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆★拷锟斤拷1776锟疥）锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷17锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(gu锟斤拷)锟紺锟斤拷锟斤拷1787锟疥憲锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷1787锟疥）锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷18锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷l(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷1789锟疥）锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟結锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟节ｏ拷锟斤拷锟絀(y锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紸锟轿ｏ拷锟斤拷18锟斤拷锟給(j锟斤拷)60锟斤拷锟�---19锟斤拷锟給(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟�1锟斤拷锟斤拷(j锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷

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锟斤拷锟斤拷2锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絉锟截發(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紺(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷1771锟疥）锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷3锟斤拷锟斤拷隆锟斤拷锟紻锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷“锟紺(j锟斤拷)”锟斤拷1779锟疥）锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷4锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絉锟截發(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紺(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷1785锟疥）锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷5锟斤拷锟斤拷锟截革拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紺(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷1782锟疥）锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷6锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紻锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷1803锟疥）锟斤拷锟斤拷1807锟疥）

锟斤拷锟斤拷7锟斤拷史锟劫芬孫锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷車锟斤拷1814锟疥）锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷8锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫堬拷(ch锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟轿成ｏ拷19锟斤拷锟給(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟节ｏ拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷9锟斤拷英锟斤拷(gu锟斤拷)锟絜锟絢锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界博锟絒锟斤拷(hu锟斤拷)锟斤拷1851锟疥）锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷10锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)斯锟杰發(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷論锟斤拷锟斤拷(chu锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷(j锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷論锟斤拷1776锟疥）锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷11锟斤拷英锟斤拷(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟较碉拷一锟轿斤拷(j锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷(j锟斤拷)危锟紺(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷1825锟疥）锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷2锟斤拷锟斤拷锟轿ｏ拷12锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(gu锟斤拷)锟斤昂锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷1831锟斤拷1834锟疥）锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷13锟斤拷英锟斤拷(gu锟斤拷)锟絖始锟絟锟斤拷(hu锟斤拷)锟侥革（1832锟疥）锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷14锟斤拷英锟斤拷(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絓(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷1836锟疥）锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷15锟斤拷锟铰囷拷(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷1844锟疥）锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷16锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絘(ch锟斤拷n)锟絟锟斤拷锟皆★拷锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絉锟斤拷思锟斤拷锟絰锟絈锟斤拷锟斤拷1848锟疥）锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷17锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆碉拷锟結锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷(j锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷(j锟斤拷)危锟紺(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷1857锟疥）锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷18锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷(gu锟斤拷)锟紿锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷1864锟疥）锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷19锟斤拷锟秸凤拷锟斤拷(zh锟斤拷n)锟斤拷(zh锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟絣(f锟斤拷)(1870锟斤拷)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷20锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟借公锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷l(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷1871锟疥）锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷21锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷志锟桔囷拷(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷通锟絕锟斤拷1871锟疥）锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷22锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絤锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟酵囷拷(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷通锟絕锟斤拷1875锟疥）锟斤拷

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锟斤拷锟斤拷25锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷l(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟饺伙拷锟斤拷械锟轿伙拷谩锟斤拷锟�1863锟疥）锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟脚旓拷锟結锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰前锟节ｏ拷锟节讹拷锟轿癸拷锟絀(y锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紸锟轿ｏ拷锟斤拷19锟斤拷锟給(j锟斤拷)70锟斤拷锟�---20锟斤拷锟給(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷1锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絋锟接發(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絣(f锟斤拷)電機(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷1866锟疥）锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷2锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷貝锟斤拷锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟皆掞拷锟�1876锟疥）锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷3锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷R锟斤拷锟斤拷l(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟給锟斤拷電堬拷(b锟斤拷o)锟斤拷1896锟疥）锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷4锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥發(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷車锟斤拷1885锟疥）锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷5锟斤拷锟絑貝锟斤拷锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟給锟斤拷炸藥锟斤拷1887锟疥）锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷6锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絉锟斤拷锟街弟發(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絯锟紺(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷1903锟疥）锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷7锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫堬拷(ch锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷K锟轿成ｏ拷19锟斤拷锟給(j锟斤拷)末20锟斤拷锟給(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷8锟斤拷印锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絃锟斤拷锟絘(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷19锟斤拷锟給(j锟斤拷)70锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�

锟斤拷锟斤拷9锟斤拷锟接帮拷a(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷1895锟斤拷12锟铰ｏ拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷10锟斤拷锟揭曪拷a(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷20锟斤拷锟給(j锟斤拷)30锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷11锟斤拷锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷锟絃锟斤拷锟絘(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷20锟斤拷锟給(j锟斤拷)锟皆猴拷