2019年高考一輪復(fù)習(xí)英語知識點:冠詞與數(shù)詞(4)
來源:網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源 2018-10-21 23:08:55
Many lifestyle patterns do such _________ great harm to health that they actually speed up _______ weakening of the human body.
A. a; /
B. /; the
C. a; the
D. /; /
Some people fear that ________ air pollution may bring about changes in _______ weather around the world.
A. /; the
B. the; /
C. an; the
D. the; a
In the United States,there is always ________ flow of people to areas of ________ country where more jobs can be found.
A. a; the
B. the; a
C. the; the
D. a; a
2.4 冠詞與形容詞+名詞結(jié)構(gòu)
1) 兩個形容詞都有冠詞,表示兩個不同的人或物。
e.g. He raises a black and a white cat. 他養(yǎng)了一只黑貓和一只白貓。
The black and the white cat are hers. 這只黑貓和白貓都是他的。
2) 如后一個形容詞無冠詞,則指一人或一物。
e.g. He raises a black and white cat. 他養(yǎng)了一只花貓。 The black and white cat is hers.她養(yǎng)了只花貓。
2.5 冠詞位置
1) 不定冠詞位置 不定冠詞常位于名詞或名詞修飾語前。
注意:a. 位于such,what,many,half等形容詞之后。
e.g. I have never seen such an animal. 我從來沒見過這樣的動物Many a man is fit for the job. 許多人適合這崗位
b. 當(dāng)名詞前的形容詞被副詞as, so, too, how, however, enough修飾時,不定冠詞應(yīng)放在形容詞之后。
e.g. It is as pleasant a day as I have ever spent. 我從未這么高興過。
So short a time 如此短的時間
Too long a distance 距離太遠了
c. quite,rather與單數(shù)名詞連用,冠詞放在其后。但當(dāng)rather,quite 修飾的名詞前仍有形容詞,不定冠詞放其前后均可e.g. rather a cold day/a rather cold day。
d. 在as,though 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中,當(dāng)表語為形容詞修飾的名詞時,不定冠詞放形容詞后。
e.g. Brave a man though he is,he trembles at the sight of snakes. 盡管他很勇敢,可見到蛇還是發(fā)抖。
2) 定冠詞位置 定冠詞通常位于名詞或名詞修飾語前,但放在all, both,double,half,twice,three times等詞之后,名詞之前。e.g. All the students in the class went out. 班里的所有學(xué)生都出去了。
2.6 數(shù)詞
表示數(shù)目多少或順序多少的詞叫數(shù)詞,數(shù)詞分為基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞。表示數(shù)目多少的數(shù)詞叫基數(shù)詞;表示順序的數(shù)詞叫序數(shù)詞。
一、基數(shù)詞
1)基數(shù)詞一般可寫成如345或three hundred and forty-five。
2)基數(shù)詞一般是單數(shù)形式,但遇下列情況,常用復(fù)數(shù):
a. 與of 短語連用,表示概數(shù),不能與具體數(shù)目連用,如scores of people 指許多人;
b. 在一些表示"一排"或"一組"的詞組里。
例如:They arrived in twos and threes. 他們?nèi)齼蓛傻牡搅恕?br />
c. 表示"幾十歲"。 In one's sixties
d. 表示"年代",用 in +the +數(shù)詞復(fù)數(shù)。 In the 1980s在二十世紀八十年代
e. 在乘法運算的一種表示法里,如Three fives is(are)fifteen。
二、序數(shù)詞
序數(shù)詞的縮寫形式如first---1st second---2nd thirty-first---31st等。世紀表示常常用序數(shù)詞,如在20世紀,in the twentieth
三、 數(shù)詞的用法
1)倍數(shù)表示法
a. 主語+謂語+倍數(shù)(或分數(shù))+ as + adj. + as。例如
I have three times as many as you. 我有你三倍那么多。
b. 主語+謂語+倍數(shù)(分數(shù))+ the size (amount,length…) of…。
例如:The earth is 49 times the size of the moon. 地球是月球的49倍。
c. 主語+謂語+倍數(shù)(分數(shù))+ 形容詞(副詞)比較級+ than…。
例如:The grain output is 8 percent higher this year than that of last year.
今年比去年糧食產(chǎn)量增加8%。
d. 還可以用by+倍數(shù),表示增加多少倍。
例如:The production of grain has been increased by four times this year.今年糧食產(chǎn)量增加4倍。 2)分數(shù)表示法的構(gòu)成:基數(shù)詞代表分子,序數(shù)詞代表分母。分子大于1時,分子的序數(shù)詞用單數(shù),分母序數(shù)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
例如:1/3 one-third; 3/37 three and three-sevenths.
基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞
數(shù)詞表示數(shù)目多少或順序先后的詞。數(shù)詞與不定代詞很相似,其用法相當(dāng)于名詞與形容詞。
數(shù)詞有兩種:表示數(shù)目多少的詞叫做基數(shù)詞;表示順序先后的數(shù)詞叫做序數(shù)詞。
�、被鶖�(shù)詞的構(gòu)成
�、�1-12的基數(shù)詞:1 one, 2 two, 3 three, 4 four, 5 five, 6 six, 7 seven, 8 eight, 9 nine, 10 ten, 11 eleven, 12 twelve
⑵13-19均由3-9加后綴-teen構(gòu)成。注意thirteen, fifteen, eighteen的拼法。
13 thirteen, 14 fourteen, 15 fifteen, 16 sixteen, 17 seventeen, 18 eighteen, 19 nineteen
�、�20-90等十位數(shù)均由2-9加后綴-ty構(gòu)成。注意twenty, thirty, forty, eighty的拼法。
20 twenty, 30 thirty, 40 forty, 50 fifty, 60 sixty, 70 seventy, 80 eighty, 90 ninety
�、�21-29由十位數(shù)20加個位數(shù)1-9構(gòu)成,中間必須有連字符"-";其他十位數(shù)依此類推。
21 twenty-one, 22 twenty-two, 23 twenty-three, 24 twenty-four, 25 twenty-five, 26 twenty-six, 27 twenty-seven, 28 twenty-eight, 29 twenty-nine, 64 sixty, 75 seventy-five, 86 eighty-six
⑸百位數(shù)由1-9加hundred構(gòu)成,如果包含十位數(shù)及個位數(shù),中間用and連接;如果只包含個位數(shù),即十位數(shù)為零時,必須用and連接。100 a /one hundred, 200 two hundred, 300 three hundred, 706 seven hundred and six, 125 one hundred and twenty-five, 341 three hundred and forty-one, 968 nine hundred and sixty-eight
⑹千位數(shù)由1-9加thousand構(gòu)成,百位數(shù)前不加and,其后的十位、個位數(shù)構(gòu)成方法同前。
1,000 one thousand, 2,000 two thousand, 5,800 five thousand, eight hundred, 1,256 one thousand, two hundred and fifty-six, 1035 one thousand and thirty-five, 2008 two thousand and eight
�、擞⒄Z中沒有"萬"這一單位,用thousand表示萬。10,000 ten thousand
⑻十萬的說法。100,000 one hundred thousand
⑼百萬的說法。1,000,000 one million, 2,000,000 two million
�、吻f、億、十億的說法。1千萬ten million, 1億one hundred million, 10億one billion
⒉基數(shù)詞的用法
�、呕鶖�(shù)詞相當(dāng)于名詞,可以有復(fù)數(shù)形式,其構(gòu)成方法及讀音與名詞相同。a man in his fifties
�、苃undred, thousand, million, billion等詞前有具體數(shù)詞或several時,必須用單數(shù)形式。
three hundred, five thousand, fifty million, eight billion
�、莌undred, thousand, million表示不確定數(shù)目時,必須用復(fù)數(shù)形式,后接of短語。
hundreds of, many hundreds of, thousands of, many thousands of, millions of, many millions of
tens of hundreds of數(shù)千, hundreds of thousands of數(shù)十萬
�、缺硎�"幾十年代"或"幾十歲"時,用逢十的基數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)。
in the 1970s中的1970s讀作nineteen seventies,in one's sixties在某人60多歲時
�、膳c基數(shù)詞合成的復(fù)合定語,其中的名詞用單數(shù)。
an eleven-year-old boy, a fifty-metre-wide river
�、承驍�(shù)詞的構(gòu)成
�、�1-12的序數(shù)詞:①1st first, 2nd second, 3rd third ②4th fourth, 6th sixth, 7th seventh, 10th tenth, 11th eleventh ③5th fifth, 12th twelfth ④8th eighth, 9th ninth
⑵13-19的序數(shù)詞,直接在基數(shù)詞后加th。13th thirteenth, 14th fourteenth, 15th fifteenth, 16th sixteenth, 17th seventeenth, 18th eighteenth, 19th nineteenth
�、钦粩�(shù)的序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成方法是:先將詞尾-ty中的y變?yōu)閕,然后加后綴-eth。
20th twentieth, 30th thirtieth, 40th fortieth, 50th fiftieth, 60th sixtieth, 70th seventieth, 80th eightieth, 90th ninetieth
⑷兩位數(shù)的序數(shù)詞如果包含1-9的個位時,十位數(shù)用基數(shù)詞,個位數(shù)用序數(shù)詞,中間必須有連字符"-"。
21st twenty-first, 32nd thirty-second, 43rd forty-third, 54th fifty-fourth, 98th ninety-eighth
⑸百、千、萬等的序數(shù)詞有hundred, thousand等加-th,前面加有關(guān)的基數(shù)詞構(gòu)成。
100th =one hundredth, 1000th =one thousandth
〈記憶口訣〉基變序有規(guī)律,詞尾大多加th。一、二、三特殊記,詞尾字母t, d, d。th從four起,八減t,九去e,f來把ve替;整十y變ie,若是遇到幾十幾,只變個位就可以。
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