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锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚

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锟斤拷锟斤拷1. 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟絉锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷(w锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷色锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫嗭拷一锟皆和準確锟皆碉拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟酵�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟侥學英锟絑锟叫诧拷锟矫碉拷锟脚憋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟戒張锟斤拷锟斤拷锟給锟街凤拷锟斤拷一锟絶锟斤拷锟絰锟侥現(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷也锟斤拷锟斤拷見锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷2. 锟斤拷锟接結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)锟絕锟斤拷锟絪锟斤拷锟絑锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷锟統锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟杰地憋拷锟絖锟皆硷拷锟斤拷思锟诫，锟斤拷锟竭斤拷(j锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷使锟矫硷拷锟斤拷N锟絑锟斤拷锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟絯锟斤拷锟絃锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷3. 锟斤拷使锟矫憋拷锟斤拷锟絑锟紹(t锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一些锟絋锟矫憋拷锟接撅拷式锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷锟絚

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷式锟斤拷锟铰岋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(ji锟斤拷)锟絵锟斤拷锟絶锟絰锟铰測锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫旓拷锟絵锟皆硷拷锟斤拷旨锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫旓拷锟絵锟接讹拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷1. 要锟斤拷锟斤拷锟矫匡拷锟斤拷英锟絑锟斤拷x锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷同锟絎锟斤拷锟斤拷要注锟斤拷平锟絩锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷知锟絉锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟絎锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷知锟絉锟斤拷锟絜锟桔筹拷見锟侥匡拷锟斤拷锟絶锟絉锟斤拷锟侥革拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷呖锟斤拷锟接�锟絑锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷2. 要锟斤拷悉锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷碌慕Y(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)锟斤拷锟絚锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟缴橈拷锟絵(Headlines)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絑(Introductions)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷( Background)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯(Main body)锟酵結(ji锟斤拷)尾(Ends)锟藉部锟街橈拷(g锟斤拷u)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷思锟斤拷叨榷锟斤拷志锟斤拷俚母锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(j锟斤拷)锟絭锟斤拷母呖锟斤拷锟斤拷}锟斤拷r锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭伙拷悴伙拷o锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷要同锟絎锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷}锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絑一锟斤拷位锟斤拷锟斤拷篇锟斤拷锟铰碉拷锟阶段★拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟铰岋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟絫锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絑锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟铰岋拷锟組锟斤拷詳锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟絩锟斤拷同锟絎锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟結(ji锟斤拷)尾锟斤拷锟斤拷也锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷思锟斤拷母锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟絑锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷}锟竭筹拷锟节达拷要锟絆計一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫旓拷锟絵锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷3. 锟斤拷锟組锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫旓拷锟絩锟斤拷同锟絎锟斤拷一锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟结供锟侥科學锟铰岋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷同锟絩锟斤拷锟矫筹拷锟侥結(ji锟斤拷)論還锟斤拷锟斤拷锟较伙拷锟斤拷锟侥匡拷锟秸筹拷锟絉锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵锟絧锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟終锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷Animals can move from place to place, but plants cannot. When an animal is under attack, it can run away or fight back. Plants certainly cannot run away, and they lack teeth and claws. But plants can defend themselves by using both physical and chemical means.

锟斤拷锟斤拷Some plants have their own ways to keep animals away. For example, the leaves of the holly plant have sharp spines(锟斤拷) that discourage grass-eating animals. Holly leaves on lower branches have more spines than leaves on upper branches. This is because the lower leaves are easier for most animals to reach.

锟斤拷锟斤拷Some plants, such as the oak tree, have thick and hard leaves that are difficult for animals to eat. Some grasses may contain a sandy material; eating such grasses wears down the animal’s teeth.

锟斤拷锟斤拷Many plants also have chemical defenses. Some plants produce chemicals that taste bitter or cause an unpleasant reaction. Some plants may fight against an attack by increasing the production of these chemicals. When a caterpillar (毛锟絰) bites a tobacco leaf, the leaf produces a chemical messenger. This messenger sends to the roots the information to produce more nicotine. The higher levels of nicotine discourage the caterpillar.

锟斤拷锟斤拷Many plants depend on both physical and chemical defenses. A certain plant in China, for instance, has prickly (锟斤拷痰锟�) leaves, and each prickle contains poisonous venom (锟斤拷液). A single experience with this kind of plant will teach an animal to stay away from it in the future.

锟斤拷锟斤拷68. The holly plant has more spines on the lower leaves because most animals________.

锟斤拷锟斤拷A. are not tall enough      B. like the lower leaves only

锟斤拷锟斤拷C. are not clever enough    D. can get the lower leaves easily

锟斤拷锟斤拷69. To defend themselves, oak trees use________.

锟斤拷锟斤拷A. chemical means        B. physical means

锟斤拷锟斤拷C. bitter chemicals        D. sandy materials

锟斤拷锟斤拷70. How does tobacco protect itself against an attack from a caterpillar?

锟斤拷锟斤拷A. Its leaves fight against the attack by physical means.

锟斤拷锟斤拷B. Its roots send a messenger to discourage the caterpillar.

锟斤拷锟斤拷C. Its roots increase the production of nicotine when it is attacked.

锟斤拷锟斤拷D. Its leaves produce poisonous sand to drive the caterpillar away.

锟斤拷锟斤拷71. What would be the best title for this passage?

锟斤拷锟斤拷A. Plants and Animals       B. How Plants Defend Themselves

锟斤拷锟斤拷C. Attacks and Defenses      D. How Animals Eat Plant Leaves

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷B一些植锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟酵�锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟酵伙拷锟絎锟侥凤拷式锟斤拷锟給锟皆硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷趾锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷68. D锟斤拷锟铰岋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(ji锟斤拷)锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷2锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭伙拷锟�…the lower leaves are easier for most animals to reach锟斤拷知锟金案★拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷69. B锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫旓拷锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷3锟斤拷锟叫碉拷…oak tree, have thick and hard leaves that are difficult for animals to eat锟斤拷锟斤拷知锟斤拷锟街猴拷锟斤拷硬锟侥橈拷锟絶锟斤拷锟斤拷植锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭憋拷锟給锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街讹拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷70. C锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫旓拷锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟侥段匡拷知锟斤拷tobacco锟斤拷锟給锟皆硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷毛锟絰锟街猴拷锟斤拷锟絢锟斤拷锟角產(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絥icotine锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷71. B锟斤拷锟斤拷旨锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡�锟斤拷锟铰讹拷锟斤拷锟絭植锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接憋拷锟給锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰B锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷模锟組訓锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷A

锟斤拷锟斤拷Walk through the Amazon rainforest today and you will find it is steamy, warm, damp and thick. But if you had been around 15, 000 years ago, during the last ice age, would it have been the same? For more than 30 years, scientists have been arguing about how rainforests like the Amazon might have reacted (锟斤拷锟斤拷) to the cold, dry cli-mates of the ice ages, but until now, no one has reached a satisfying answer.

锟斤拷锟斤拷Rainforests like the Amazon are important for mopping up CO2 from the atmos-phere and helping to slow global warming. Currently the trees in the Amazon take in around 500 million tons of CO2 each year: equal to the total amount of CO2 giving off in the UK each year. But how will the Amazon react to future climate change? If it gets drier, will it still survive and continue to draw down CO2? Scientists hope that they will be able to learn in advance how the rainforest will manage in the future by understanding how rainforests reacted to climate change in the past.

锟斤拷锟斤拷Unfortunately, getting into the Amazon rainforest and collecting information are very difficult. To study past climate, scientists need to look at fossilized pollen, kept in lake muds. Going back to the last ice age means drilling deep down into lake sediments(锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷) which requires specialized equipment and heavy machinery. There are very few roads and paths, or places to land helicopters and aero planes. Rivers tend to the easiest way to enter the forest, but this still leaves vast areas between the rivers com-pletely unsampled (未取锟斤拷). So far, only a handful of cores have been drilled that go back to the last ice age and none of them provide enough information to prove how the Amazon rainforest reacts to climate change.

锟斤拷锟斤拷1. The underlined phrase “mopping up” in the second paragraph means “______”.

锟斤拷锟斤拷A. cleaning up    B. taking in    C. wiping out   D. giving out

锟斤拷锟斤拷2. How will the Amazon rainforest react to future climate change?

锟斤拷锟斤拷A. It’ll get drier and continue to remove CO2.

锟斤拷锟斤拷B. It’ll remain steamy, warm, damp and thick.

锟斤拷锟斤拷C. It’ll get warmer and then colder and drier.

锟斤拷锟斤拷D. There is no exact answer up to present.

锟斤拷锟斤拷3. What’s the main idea of the last paragraph?

锟斤拷锟斤拷A. It’s important to drill deep down into lake sediments to collect information.

锟斤拷锟斤拷B. It’s impossible to prove how climate changes in the Amazon rainforest.

锟斤拷锟斤拷C. It’s hard to collect information for studies of the past climate in the Amazon rainforest.

锟斤拷锟斤拷D. It’s necessary to have specialized equipment and machinery to study the past cli-mate.

锟斤拷锟斤拷4. The best title for this passage may probably be _____.

锟斤拷锟斤拷A. Studies of the Amazon           B. Climates of the Amazon

锟斤拷锟斤拷C. Secrets of the Rainforests       D. Changes of the Rainforests

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷B锟剿熱帶锟斤拷锟街岋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷影響★拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷1. B锟斤拷锟絶锟絰锟铰測锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(j锟斤拷)锟节讹拷锟斤拷锟叫碉拷 helping to slow global warming锟斤拷同锟絩锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟较伙拷锟絎知锟絉锟斤拷锟斤拷知 mopping up 锟斤拷锟斤拷思锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫碉拷…currently the trees in Amazon take in around 500 million tones of CO2 each year 也锟斤拷示 mop up 锟斤拷 take in 锟斤拷锟斤拷思锟斤拷同锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷2. D锟斤拷锟铰岋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(ji锟斤拷)锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟铰碉拷2锟轿的冿拷(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷(锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭伙拷锟皆�)锟斤拷锟斤拷知锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷汛鸢笧锟紻锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷3. C锟斤拷锟斤拷旨锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭伙拷锟斤拷械锟絊o far, only a handful of cores have been drilled 锟斤拷知锟斤拷锟結锟斤拷锟秸硷拷锟斤拷锟角猴拷锟斤拷锟阶★拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷4. C锟斤拷锟斤拷旨锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟絭锟斤拷锟角侊拷锟絉锟絆锟结帶锟斤拷锟斤拷锟統锟斤拷锟紸锟较碉拷變锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰C锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷B

锟斤拷锟斤拷Terrible weather, melting(锟节伙拷锟斤拷) snow and gathering clouds may be signs of global warming. The average temperature on Earth for last year was the second warmest since written records began 140 years ago.

锟斤拷锟斤拷The global average surface temperature in 2001 was 14.42 degrees centigrade, the World Meteorological Organization said. The record, set in 1998, was 14.58 degrees centigrade.

锟斤拷锟斤拷“Temperatures are getting hotter, and they are getting hotter faster now than at any time in the past, ” said Michel Jarraud, a WMO official.

锟斤拷锟斤拷Carbon dioxide(锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷碳) produced from burning fuels is the most common of the so-called greenhouse gases. The growing concentration(锟斤拷锟斤拷) in the atmosphere of these gases is thought to be warming the Earth. “Most of the causes of global warming are due to human action, ” said Ken Davidson, director of WMO’s climate programme department.

锟斤拷锟斤拷Every year, large amounts of gases produced by factories, cars and burning trees hold in too much heat and cause global warming. Many scientists believe the warming, if not stopped, will cause extreme climate changes this century.

锟斤拷锟斤拷Throughout the world, the spreading of particular diseases and other threats(锟斤拷锟絳) to human health depend largely on local climates. Extreme temperatures can directly cause loss of life. Warm temperatures can increase air and water pollution, which in turn can harm human health.

锟斤拷锟斤拷In the Earth’s atmosphere there are tiny amounts of gases called greenhouse gases. These gases hold in the heat that comes up from the sun-warmed Earth. As cities have increased in size and population, factories and industries in the world have grown. People need more and more electricity, cars and other things. So more greenhouse gases have been added to the atmosphere. This causes more heat to be trapped than in the past. This is called the greenhouse effect.

锟斤拷锟斤拷1. The subject discussed in the passage is _______.

锟斤拷锟斤拷A. the growing population of the world

锟斤拷锟斤拷B. the global average surface temperature

锟斤拷锟斤拷C. the increasing greenhouse effect

锟斤拷锟斤拷D. the causes of air and water pollution

锟斤拷锟斤拷2. according to a WMO official, it is ________ that should be blamed for global warming.

锟斤拷锟斤拷A. modern factories impressive            B. mankind

锟斤拷锟斤拷C. carbon dioxide                               D. burning fuels

锟斤拷锟斤拷3. The rising of the earth temperature will finally result in _______.

锟斤拷锟斤拷A. the spreading of particular diseases  B. air and water pollution

锟斤拷锟斤拷C. extreme climate changes                 D. loss of life

锟斤拷锟斤拷4. Which of the following is true according to the passage?

锟斤拷锟斤拷A. Air and water pollution is caused by global warming.

锟斤拷锟斤拷B. Greenhouse gases do no good to human beings

锟斤拷锟斤拷C. With the air getting hotter, people need more and more electricity, cars and other things.

锟斤拷锟斤拷D. The average temperature on Earth for 1998 was the warmest according to written records

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭傦拷锟斤拷B锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节環(hu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷染锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟饺�锟斤拷變暖锟侥現(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷1. C锟斤拷锟斤拷旨锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷討論锟斤拷锟斤拷全锟斤拷變暖锟侥現(xi锟斤拷n)锟襟，讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷@锟絅锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟皆�锟斤拷锟角滐拷锟斤拷效锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫э拷锟斤拷锟斤拷私锟结專锟斤拷蚀鸢笧锟紺锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷2. B锟斤拷锟铰岋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(ji锟斤拷)锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟侥讹拷锟叫碉拷 most of the causes of global warming are due to human action, said Ken Davidson, director of WMO’s climate programme department锟斤拷知锟金案烇拷B锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷3. D锟斤拷锟铰岋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(ji锟斤拷)锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫碉拷 Extreme temperatures can directly cause loss of life锟斤拷知锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷汛鸢笧锟紻锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷4. D锟斤拷锟铰岋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(ji锟斤拷)锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(j锟斤拷)锟节讹拷锟斤拷锟叫碉拷 The record, set in 1998, was 14.58 degrees centigrade锟斤拷知锟斤拷D锟斤拷锟絖锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟絔锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟竭匡拷英锟絑知锟絉锟絚锟絉锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟铰高匡拷锟結訊锟斤拷锟竭匡拷锟斤拷锟竭★拷锟斤拷前锟绞傦拷锟斤拷志愿锟斤拷锟斤拷取锟街旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟竭匡拷锟絩锟絞锟斤拷锟斤拷全锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷(ji锟斤拷)锟絚

锟組锟斤拷"锟竭匡拷锟絎(w锟斤拷ng)"微锟脚癸拷锟斤拷號