锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟絎(xu锟斤拷)知锟絉(sh锟斤拷)锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟叫ｏ拷锟紸锟紽锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷直锟斤拷锟酵圓锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角猴拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟叫★拷直锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷平锟芥、锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷(ji锟斤拷n)锟斤拷邏輯锟斤拷锟斤拷(ji锟斤拷n)锟轿讹拷锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷o)锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(l锟斤拷i)锟斤拷(du锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟叫旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟紸(ch锟斤拷)锟斤拷知锟絉(sh锟斤拷)锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟組(j锟斤拷n)锟叫匡拷锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟絯锟絳锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷1锟斤拷锟叫旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟紸(ch锟斤拷)知锟絉(sh锟斤拷)锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟結(ji锟斤拷)

锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷平锟斤拷幕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷|(zh锟斤拷)锟絚锟斤拷論

锟斤拷锟斤拷1锟斤拷平锟斤拷幕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷|(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷1锟斤拷锟揭伙拷l直锟斤拷锟侥冿拷锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟斤拷一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)平锟斤拷锟�(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟斤拷么锟紷锟絣直锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)平锟斤拷锟�(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷2锟絕(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟絣直锟斤拷锟较碉拷锟斤拷锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷只锟斤拷一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)平锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷3锟斤拷锟斤拷蓚锟�(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟截合碉拷平锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷么锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷只锟斤拷一锟絣锟絕(gu锟斤拷)該锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟侥癸拷锟斤拷直锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷2锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絞锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟斤拷直锟斤拷锟斤拷平锟斤拷之锟絞锟斤拷位锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)系锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷直锟斤拷锟絚直锟斤拷—平锟叫★拷锟洁交锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷直锟斤拷锟絚平锟斤拷—平锟叫★拷锟洁交锟斤拷直锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷該平锟芥（锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟阶猴拷視锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷平锟斤拷锟絚平锟斤拷—平锟斤拷锟斤拷锟洁交锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷3锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷直锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷平锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟絚(di锟斤拷n)A锟絚平锟斤拷一锟絚(di锟斤拷n)B锟斤拷锟紹锟斤拷锟斤拷平锟斤拷锟�(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟斤拷(j锟斤拷ng)锟絕(gu锟斤拷)锟絚(di锟斤拷n)B锟斤拷直锟斤拷锟角�锟斤拷锟街憋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷卸锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴的角凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷0锟斤拷90锟斤拷锟饺ｏ拷平锟狡凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷平锟叫撅拷锟洁交锟矫碉拷锟紸锟角伙拷锟斤拷锟絘(b锟斤拷)锟角ｏ拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴條直锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角�锟斤拷锟街憋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷t锟缴條直锟斤拷平锟叫伙拷锟洁交锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紺锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷直锟斤拷锟斤拷同锟斤拷锟轿猴拷一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)平锟斤拷锟�(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷直锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴的角ｏ拷平锟狡凤拷锟斤拷锟窖�锟斤拷鎲�(w锟斤拷n)锟絵锟紻(zhu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟洁交直锟斤拷锟侥夾锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絞锟叫碉拷平锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)系

锟斤拷锟斤拷1锟斤拷直锟斤拷锟絚平锟斤拷平锟叫ｏ拷锟斤拷锟侥ｏ拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷直锟斤拷锟斤拷平锟斤拷](m锟斤拷i)锟叫癸拷锟斤拷锟絚(di锟斤拷n)

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)平锟斤拷锟�(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷一锟絣直锟斤拷锟斤拷平锟斤拷锟�(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷一锟絣直锟斤拷平锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絫該直锟斤拷平锟斤拷锟节达拷平锟芥（锟缴撅拷锟斤拷平锟叫得筹拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷一锟絣直锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)平锟斤拷平锟叫ｏ拷锟斤拷(j锟斤拷ng)锟絕(gu锟斤拷)锟紷锟絣直锟斤拷锟斤拷平锟斤拷锟斤拷@锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)平锟斤拷锟洁交锟斤拷锟絫锟紷锟絣直锟斤拷锟酵和冿拷平锟斤拷慕锟斤拷锟狡斤拷锟�

锟斤拷锟斤拷2锟斤拷平锟斤拷锟絚平锟斤拷平锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟缴傦拷(g锟斤拷)平锟斤拷](m锟斤拷i)锟叫癸拷锟斤拷锟絚(di锟斤拷n)

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫讹拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)平锟斤拷锟�(n锟斤拷i)锟叫兩條锟洁交直锟斤拷平锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)平锟芥，锟絫锟紷锟缴傦拷(g锟斤拷)平锟斤拷平锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟缴傦拷(g锟斤拷)平锟斤拷平锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絫锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)平锟斤拷锟�(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷直锟斤拷平锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)平锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷蓚锟�(g锟斤拷)平锟斤拷平锟斤拷同锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)平锟斤拷锟洁交锟斤拷锟斤拷么锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥斤拷锟斤拷平锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷3锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷位锟斤拷锟斤拷平锟斤拷锟斤拷邊锟轿岋拷(du锟斤拷)邊锟斤拷锟斤拷知直锟斤拷锟斤拷一平锟斤拷锟斤拷锟戒交锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絞锟叫的达拷直锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)系

锟斤拷锟斤拷1锟斤拷直锟斤拷锟絚平锟芥垂直

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷直锟斤拷锟絚平锟斤拷锟�(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟絣直锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷直

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭伙拷l直锟斤拷锟絚一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)平锟斤拷锟�(n锟斤拷i)锟侥兩條锟洁交锟斤拷直锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷直锟斤拷锟絫該直锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷平锟芥垂直

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷直锟斤拷同一直锟斤拷锟侥冿拷平锟斤拷平锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷論锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷趦蓷l平锟斤拷直锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟絣锟斤拷直锟斤拷一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)平锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷么锟斤拷一锟絣也锟斤拷直锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)平锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷直锟斤拷锟斤拷平锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴的角ｏ拷锟斤拷0锟斤拷90锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷平锟斤拷锟�(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷一锟絣斜锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷平锟斤拷锟�(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟斤拷影锟絝(shu锟斤拷)锟缴碉拷锟絁锟斤拷锟斤拷锟截別規(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷直90锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷平锟斤拷锟�(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟斤拷平锟斤拷0锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷2锟斤拷平锟斤拷锟絚平锟芥垂直

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟缴傦拷(g锟斤拷)平锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴的讹拷锟斤拷牵锟斤拷锟揭伙拷l直锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟侥兩傦拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷平锟斤拷锟斤拷锟組锟缴的圖锟轿ｏ拷锟斤拷直锟斤拷锟斤拷牵锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角碉拷平锟斤拷牵锟斤拷远锟斤拷锟角碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷c(di锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟节兩傦拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷平锟斤拷锟�(n锟斤拷i)锟街別锟斤拷锟斤拷直锟斤拷锟斤拷膬蓷l锟戒線锟斤拷锟缴的角ｏ拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫讹拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)平锟斤拷锟絕(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)平锟斤拷拇锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷t锟紷锟缴傦拷(g锟斤拷)平锟芥垂直

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟缴傦拷(g锟斤拷)平锟芥垂直锟斤拷锟絫一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)平锟斤拷锟�(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷直锟节斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷直锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)平锟芥垂直

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥★拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷o)锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟揭伙拷锟斤拷锟�(d锟斤拷o)锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟絰

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絆(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷) y = f(x) 锟斤拷锟絚(di锟斤拷n) x0 锟斤拷某锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟絀(l锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟�(n锟斤拷i)锟叫讹拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷變锟斤拷 x 锟斤拷 x0 處锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷 锟斤拷x ( x0 + 锟斤拷x 也锟斤拷該锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(n锟斤拷i) ) 锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟截猴拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)取锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷 锟斤拷y = f(x0 + 锟斤拷x) - f(x0) ;锟斤拷锟� 锟斤拷y 锟絚 锟斤拷x 之锟饺�锟�(d锟斤拷ng) 锟斤拷x→0 锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟絆锟睫达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絫锟絈锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷) y = f(x) 锟斤拷锟絚(di锟斤拷n) x0 處锟缴岋拷(d锟斤拷o)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絈锟紷锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟絆锟斤拷值锟介函锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷) y = f(x) 锟斤拷锟絚(di锟斤拷n) x0 處锟侥岋拷(d锟斤拷o)锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)記锟斤拷 f(x0) ,锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷o)锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟絰

锟斤拷锟斤拷(锟斤拷)锟斤拷(d锟斤拷o)锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟节讹拷锟斤拷锟絰

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絆(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷) y = f(x) 锟斤拷锟絚(di锟斤拷n) x0 锟斤拷某锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟絀(l锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟�(n锟斤拷i)锟叫讹拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷變锟斤拷 x 锟斤拷 x0 處锟斤拷變锟斤拷 锟斤拷x ( x - x0 也锟斤拷該锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(n锟斤拷i) ) 锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟截猴拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)變锟斤拷 锟斤拷y = f(x) - f(x0) ;锟斤拷锟� 锟斤拷y 锟絚 锟斤拷x 之锟饺�锟�(d锟斤拷ng) 锟斤拷x→0 锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟絆锟睫达拷锟节ｏ拷锟絫锟絈锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷) y = f(x) 锟斤拷锟絚(di锟斤拷n) x0 處锟缴岋拷(d锟斤拷o)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絈锟紷锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟絆锟斤拷值锟介函锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷) y = f(x) 锟斤拷锟絚(di锟斤拷n) x0 處锟侥岋拷(d锟斤拷o)锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)記锟斤拷 f(x0) ,锟斤拷 锟斤拷(d锟斤拷o)锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟节讹拷锟斤拷锟絰

锟斤拷锟斤拷(锟斤拷)锟斤拷(d锟斤拷o)锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟絚锟斤拷(d锟斤拷o)锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(sh锟斤拷) y = f(x) 锟斤拷锟絖(k锟斤拷i)锟絕(q锟斤拷)锟絞 I 锟斤拷(n锟斤拷i)每一锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟缴岋拷(d锟斤拷o)锟斤拷锟酵稱锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)f(x)锟节區(q锟斤拷)锟絞 I 锟斤拷(n锟斤拷i)锟缴岋拷(d锟斤拷o)锟斤拷锟紷锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷) y = f(x) 锟斤拷(du锟斤拷)锟节區(q锟斤拷)锟絞 I 锟斤拷(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷每一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟絖锟斤拷锟斤拷 x 值锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(du锟斤拷)锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟絖锟斤拷锟侥岋拷(d锟斤拷o)锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟紷锟酵橈拷(g锟斤拷u)锟斤拷一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟铰的猴拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絈锟紷锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷原锟斤拷(l锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷) y = f(x) 锟侥岋拷(d锟斤拷o)锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷記锟斤拷 y, f(x), dy/dx, df(x)/dx锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷o)锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷(ji锟斤拷n)锟絈锟斤拷(d锟斤拷o)锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絳(di锟斤拷o)锟皆硷拷锟戒應(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷1.锟斤拷锟矫岋拷(d锟斤拷o)锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟叫撅拷锟斤拷锟�(xi锟斤拷ng)式锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絳(di锟斤拷o)锟皆碉拷一锟姐步锟紼

锟斤拷锟斤拷(1)锟斤拷f(x)

锟斤拷锟斤拷(2)锟絖锟斤拷f(x)锟斤拷(a锟斤拷b)锟斤拷(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷號(h锟斤拷o) (3)锟斤拷f(x)>0锟斤拷(a锟斤拷b)锟较猴拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟絫f(x)锟斤拷(a锟斤拷b)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷);锟斤拷f(x)<0锟斤拷(a锟斤拷b)锟较猴拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟絫f(x)锟斤拷(a锟斤拷b)锟斤拷锟角減锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)

锟斤拷锟斤拷2.锟矫岋拷(d锟斤拷o)锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷(xi锟斤拷ng)式锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絳(di锟斤拷o)锟絕(q锟斤拷)锟絞锟斤拷一锟姐步锟紼

锟斤拷锟斤拷(1)锟斤拷f(x)

锟斤拷锟斤拷(2)f(x)>0锟侥解集锟絚锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷慕锟斤拷锟斤拷膶锟�(du锟斤拷)锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟絕(q锟斤拷)锟絞锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絕(q锟斤拷)锟絞; f(x)<0锟侥解集锟絚锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷慕锟斤拷锟斤拷膶锟�(du锟斤拷)锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟絕(q锟斤拷)锟絞锟斤拷p锟絕(q锟斤拷)锟絞

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟剿岋拷(d锟斤拷o)锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟紸(ch锟斤拷)知锟絉(sh锟斤拷)锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟铰侊拷(l锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟皆學(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟竭讹拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟芥及锟斤拷锟侥岋拷(d锟斤拷o)锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟矫的诧拷锟街★拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟叫伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷1锟斤拷一锟姐數(sh锟斤拷)锟叫碉拷通锟�(xi锟斤拷ng)an锟絚前n锟�(xi锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷Sn锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)系锟斤拷an=

锟斤拷锟斤拷2锟斤拷锟饺差數(sh锟斤拷)锟叫碉拷通锟�(xi锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷式锟斤拷an=a1+(n-1)d an=ak+(n-k)d (锟斤拷锟斤拷a1锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(xi锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷ak锟斤拷锟斤拷知锟侥碉拷k锟�(xi锟斤拷ng)) 锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)d≠0锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷an锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷n锟斤拷一锟斤拷式;锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)d=0锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷an锟斤拷一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷3锟斤拷锟饺差數(sh锟斤拷)锟叫碉拷前n锟�(xi锟斤拷ng)锟酵癸拷式

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)d≠0锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷Sn锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷n锟侥讹拷锟斤拷式锟揭筹拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟�(xi锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷0;锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)d=0锟絩(sh锟斤拷)(a1≠0)锟斤拷Sn=na1锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷n锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷4锟斤拷锟饺比旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟叫碉拷通锟�(xi锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷式锟斤拷 an= a1qn-1an= akqn-k

锟斤拷锟斤拷(锟斤拷锟斤拷a1锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(xi锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷ak锟斤拷锟斤拷知锟侥碉拷k锟�(xi锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷an≠0)

锟斤拷锟斤拷5锟斤拷锟饺比旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟叫碉拷前n锟�(xi锟斤拷ng)锟酵癸拷式锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)q=1锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷Sn=n a1 (锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷n锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷式);

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟饺诧拷锟斤拷锟饺比旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟叫的結(ji锟斤拷)論

锟斤拷锟斤拷1锟斤拷锟饺差數(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷{an}锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紹锟絤(x锟斤拷)m锟�(xi锟斤拷ng)锟侥和橈拷(g锟斤拷u)锟缴的旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷Sm锟斤拷S2m-Sm锟斤拷S3m-S2m锟斤拷S4m- S3m锟斤拷……锟皆烇拷炔顢�(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷2锟斤拷锟饺差數(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷{an}锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷m+n=p+q锟斤拷锟絫

锟斤拷锟斤拷3锟斤拷锟饺比旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷{an}锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷m+n=p+q锟斤拷锟絫

锟斤拷锟斤拷4锟斤拷锟饺比旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷{an}锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紹锟絤(x锟斤拷)m锟�(xi锟斤拷ng)锟侥和橈拷(g锟斤拷u)锟缴的旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷Sm锟斤拷S2m-Sm锟斤拷S3m-S2m锟斤拷S4m- S3m锟斤拷……锟皆烇拷缺葦锟�(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷5锟斤拷锟缴傦拷(g锟斤拷)锟饺差數(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷{an}锟絚{bn}锟侥和诧拷臄锟�(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷{an+bn}锟斤拷{an-bn}锟皆烇拷炔顢�(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷6锟斤拷锟缴傦拷(g锟斤拷)锟饺比旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷{an}锟絚{bn}锟侥積锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟組锟缴的旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟皆烇拷缺葦锟�(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷7锟斤拷锟饺差數(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷{an}锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷染锟斤拷x锟斤拷锟�(xi锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)锟缴的旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟皆烇拷炔顢�(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷8锟斤拷锟饺比旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷{an}锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷染锟斤拷x锟斤拷锟�(xi锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)锟缴的旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟皆烇拷缺葦锟�(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷9锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟缴等差數(sh锟斤拷)锟叫碉拷锟絆(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷a-d,a,a+d;锟侥傦拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟缴等诧拷锟斤拷O(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷a-3d,a-d,,a+d,a+3d

锟斤拷锟斤拷10锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟缴等比旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟叫碉拷锟絆(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷a/q,a,aq;

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥傦拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟缴等比碉拷锟絜(cu锟斤拷)锟絗锟絆(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷a/q3,a/q,aq,aq3

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷1锟斤拷锟斤拷锟较的猴拷锟絰锟斤拷某些指锟斤拷锟侥岋拷(du锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷统蔀锟揭伙拷锟�(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷每一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷(du锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟皆�锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷2锟斤拷锟斤拷锟较碉拷锟斤拷元锟截碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟皆ｏ拷元锟截的確锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷元锟截的伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷元锟截的無(w锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷.

锟斤拷锟斤拷3锟斤拷锟斤拷锟较的憋拷示锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(1)锟斤拷{锟斤拷校锟侥籃锟斤拷锟�(du锟斤拷)锟絋}锟斤拷{太平锟斤拷,锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷,印锟斤拷锟斤拷,锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷}

锟斤拷锟斤拷(2).锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷母锟斤拷示锟斤拷锟较ｏ拷A={锟斤拷校锟侥籃锟斤拷锟�(du锟斤拷)锟絋},B={1,2,3,4,5}

锟斤拷锟斤拷4锟斤拷锟斤拷锟较的憋拷示锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟矫旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷記锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷負(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷然锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷記锟斤拷锟斤拷N锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷N*锟斤拷N+锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷Z锟斤拷锟巾數(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷Q锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷R

锟斤拷锟斤拷5.锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟侥革拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟较碉拷元锟斤拷通锟斤拷锟斤拷小锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷母锟斤拷示锟斤拷锟界：a锟角硷拷锟斤拷A锟斤拷元锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絝(shu锟斤拷)a锟斤拷锟节硷拷锟斤拷A記锟斤拷a∈A锟斤拷锟洁反锟斤拷a锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节硷拷锟斤拷A記锟斤拷a?A

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟斤拷锟斤拷锟窖硷拷锟斤拷锟叫碉拷元锟斤拷一一锟斤拷锟絜锟斤拷锟斤拷(l锟斤拷i)锟斤拷然锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷號(h锟斤拷o)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫碉拷元锟截的癸拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(l锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节达拷锟斤拷號(h锟斤拷o)锟斤拷(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷示锟斤拷锟较的凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟矫確锟斤拷锟侥條锟斤拷锟斤拷示某些锟斤拷(du锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟角凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷@锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟较的凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷6锟斤拷锟斤拷锟较的凤拷類ｏ拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(1)锟斤拷锟睫硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟睫傦拷(g锟斤拷)元锟截的硷拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(2)锟給(w锟斤拷)锟睫硷拷锟斤拷锟叫無(w锟斤拷)锟睫傦拷(g锟斤拷)元锟截的硷拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(3)锟秸硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟轿猴拷元锟截的硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷{x|x2=锟斤拷5锟斤拷=Φ

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絞锟侥伙拷锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)系

锟斤拷锟斤拷1.“锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)系—锟接硷拷注锟解：A?B锟叫兩種锟斤拷锟杰ｏ拷1锟斤拷A锟斤拷B锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷2锟斤拷A锟絚B锟斤拷同一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷之:锟斤拷?B锟斤拷B??A锟斤拷A锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节硷拷锟斤拷B,锟津集猴拷B锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷A,記锟斤拷A?

锟斤拷锟斤拷2锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟�”锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)系:锟斤拷(du锟斤拷)锟节兩傦拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷A锟絚B锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紸锟斤拷锟轿猴拷一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)元锟截讹拷锟角硷拷锟斤拷B锟斤拷元锟斤拷锟斤拷同锟絩(sh锟斤拷),锟斤拷锟斤拷B锟斤拷锟轿猴拷一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)元锟截讹拷锟角硷拷锟斤拷A锟斤拷元锟截ｏ拷锟揭傦拷锟斤拷锟絝(shu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷A锟斤拷锟节硷拷锟斤拷B锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷A=B

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷魏锟揭伙拷锟�(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷A?A

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷A?B,锟斤拷A?B锟角撅拷锟絝(shu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷A锟角硷拷锟斤拷B锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接硷拷锟斤拷記锟斤拷A B(锟斤拷BA)

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷A?B,B?C,锟斤拷么A?C

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷A?B同锟絩(sh锟斤拷)B?A锟斤拷么A=B

锟斤拷锟斤拷3.锟斤拷锟斤拷锟轿猴拷元锟截的硷拷锟较斤拷锟斤拷锟秸硷拷锟斤拷記锟斤拷Φ

锟斤拷锟斤拷規(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷:锟秸硷拷锟斤拷锟轿何硷拷锟较碉拷锟接硷拷锟斤拷锟秸硷拷锟斤拷锟轿何非空硷拷锟较碉拷锟斤拷锟接硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟较碉拷锟絓(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷1锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥讹拷锟絰锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫岋拷锟斤拷A锟揭岋拷锟斤拷B锟斤拷元锟斤拷锟斤拷锟組锟缴的硷拷锟斤拷,锟斤拷锟斤拷A,B锟侥斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷記锟斤拷A∩B(锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷A锟斤拷B锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷A∩B={x|x∈A锟斤拷锟斤拷x∈B}锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷2锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥讹拷锟絰锟斤拷一锟斤拷兀锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷袑锟斤拷诩锟斤拷锟紸锟斤拷?q锟斤拷)锟斤拷诩锟斤拷锟紹锟斤拷元锟斤拷锟斤拷锟組锟缴的硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷A,B锟侥诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷記锟斤拷锟斤拷A∪B(锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷A锟斤拷B锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷A∪B={x|x∈A锟斤拷锟斤拷x∈B}锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷3锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷A∩A=A,A∩φ=φ,A∩B=B∩A锟斤拷A∪A=A,

锟斤拷锟斤拷A∪φ=A,A∪B=B∪A.

锟斤拷锟斤拷4锟斤拷全锟斤拷锟絚锟絘(b锟斤拷)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟�1锟斤拷锟絘(b锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絆(sh锟斤拷)S锟斤拷一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷A锟斤拷S锟斤拷一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟接硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷A?S锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷S锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷A锟斤拷元锟截組锟缴的硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷S锟斤拷锟接硷拷A锟斤拷锟絘(b锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟洁集锟斤拷記锟斤拷锟斤拷CSA锟斤拷CSA={x?x?S锟斤拷x?A}

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟�2锟斤拷全锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絊锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭傦拷锟斤拷要锟叫撅拷锟侥革拷锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟较碉拷全锟斤拷元锟截ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)全锟斤拷锟斤拷通锟斤拷锟斤拷U锟斤拷(l锟斤拷i)锟斤拷示锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟�3锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷CU(CUA)=A锟斤拷(CUA)∩A=Φ锟斤拷(CUA)∪A=U

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷A锟叫碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)x锟斤拷锟节硷拷锟斤拷B锟叫讹拷锟斤拷唯一锟絖锟斤拷锟侥旓拷(sh锟斤拷)f(x)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(du锟斤拷)锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷么锟酵稱f锟斤拷A→B锟斤拷募锟斤拷锟紸锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷B锟斤拷一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷記锟斤拷锟斤拷y=f(x)锟斤拷x∈A锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷變锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟斤拷取值锟斤拷锟斤拷A锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟侥讹拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚x锟斤拷值锟斤拷锟斤拷(du锟斤拷)锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷y值锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)值锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)值锟侥硷拷锟斤拷{f(x)|x∈A}锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷值锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷使锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)式锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟侥岋拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)x锟侥硷拷锟较稱锟介函锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟侥讹拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷锟襟函旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟侥讹拷锟絰锟斤拷r(sh锟斤拷)锟叫诧拷锟斤拷式锟組锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟斤拷(j锟斤拷)锟角ｏ拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(1)锟斤拷式锟侥凤拷母锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟姐；

锟斤拷锟斤拷(2)偶锟轿凤拷锟斤拷锟侥憋拷锟絖(k锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷小锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(3)锟斤拷(du锟斤拷)锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)式锟斤拷锟芥數(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷須达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(4)指锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷(du锟斤拷)锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)式锟侥底憋拷須达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷1

锟斤拷锟斤拷(5)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷一些锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)通锟絕(gu锟斤拷)锟侥則锟絓(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷Y(ji锟斤拷)锟较讹拷锟缴碉拷.锟斤拷么锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥讹拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷使锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷x锟斤拷值锟組锟缴的硷拷锟斤拷.

锟斤拷锟斤拷2.锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)锟缴猴拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟截ｏ拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(du锟斤拷)锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)系锟斤拷值锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷注锟解：

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟�1锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷值锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴讹拷锟絰锟斤拷蛯锟�(du锟斤拷)锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)系锟絈锟斤拷锟侥ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷蓚锟�(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟侥讹拷锟絰锟斤拷蛯锟�(du锟斤拷)锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)系锟斤拷全一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絈锟紷锟缴傦拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷龋锟斤拷锟�?y锟斤拷n)锟酵�一锟斤拷锟�?sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷2锟斤拷锟缴傦拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷犬锟�(d锟斤拷ng)锟揭僅锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥讹拷锟絰锟斤拷蛯锟�(du锟斤拷)锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)系锟斤拷全一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷示锟斤拷變锟斤拷锟酵猴拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)值锟斤拷锟斤拷母锟給(w锟斤拷)锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷同锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟叫斷方锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷俦锟斤拷_(d锟斤拷)式锟斤拷同锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷诙锟斤拷x锟斤拷一锟斤拷(锟斤拷锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟酵�锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟竭傦拷)

锟斤拷锟斤拷3锟斤拷锟絕(q锟斤拷)锟絞锟侥革拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟�1锟斤拷锟絕(q锟斤拷)锟絞锟侥凤拷類ｏ拷锟絖(k锟斤拷i)锟絕(q锟斤拷)锟絞锟斤拷锟絔锟絕(q锟斤拷)锟絞锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絖(k锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟絔锟絕(q锟斤拷)锟絞锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟�2锟斤拷锟給(w锟斤拷)锟紽锟絕(q锟斤拷)锟絞锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟�3锟斤拷锟絕(q锟斤拷)锟絞锟斤拷`锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟絊锟斤拷示

锟斤拷锟斤拷4锟斤拷映锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟絆(sh锟斤拷)A锟斤拷B锟角兩傦拷(g锟斤拷)锟角空的硷拷锟较ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥骋伙拷锟�(g锟斤拷)锟絖锟斤拷锟侥岋拷(du锟斤拷)锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟絫f锟斤拷使锟斤拷(du锟斤拷)锟节硷拷锟斤拷A锟叫碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)元锟斤拷x锟斤拷锟节硷拷锟斤拷B锟叫讹拷锟斤拷唯一锟絖锟斤拷锟斤拷元锟斤拷y锟絚之锟斤拷(du锟斤拷)锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷么锟酵稱锟斤拷(du锟斤拷)锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)f锟斤拷A?B锟斤拷募锟斤拷锟紸锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷B锟斤拷一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)映锟斤拷锟斤拷記锟斤拷“f锟斤拷A?B”

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟給锟斤拷一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷A锟斤拷B锟斤拷映锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絘∈A,b∈B.锟斤拷元锟斤拷a锟斤拷元锟斤拷b锟斤拷(du锟斤拷)锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷么锟斤拷锟揭傦拷锟斤拷元锟斤拷b锟斤拷锟斤拷元锟斤拷a锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷元锟斤拷a锟斤拷锟斤拷元锟斤拷b锟斤拷原锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絝(shu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷一锟絅锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接筹拷锟�锟斤拷映锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟絅锟斤拷锟斤拷膶锟�(du锟斤拷)锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟劫硷拷锟斤拷A锟斤拷B锟斤拷锟斤拷(du锟斤拷)锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟絫f锟角確锟斤拷锟侥ｏ拷锟节岋拷(du锟斤拷)锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟絫锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(qi锟斤拷ng)锟絳(di锟斤拷o)锟侥硷拷锟斤拷A锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷B锟侥岋拷(du锟斤拷)锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷B锟斤拷A锟侥岋拷(du锟斤拷)锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)系一锟斤拷锟角诧拷同锟斤拷锟斤拷锟桔岋拷(du锟斤拷)锟斤拷映锟斤拷f锟斤拷A→B锟斤拷(l锟斤拷i)锟絝(shu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絫锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟組锟姐：锟斤拷锟今）硷拷锟斤拷A锟叫碉拷每一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)元锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节硷拷锟斤拷B锟叫讹拷锟斤拷锟襟，诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷唯一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟津）硷拷锟斤拷A锟叫诧拷同锟斤拷元锟截ｏ拷锟节硷拷锟斤拷B锟叫岋拷(du锟斤拷)锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟酵�一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟襟）诧拷要锟襟集猴拷B锟叫碉拷每一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)元锟斤拷锟节硷拷锟斤拷A锟叫讹拷锟斤拷原锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷5.锟斤拷锟矫的猴拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷示锟斤拷:锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紻锟襟法ｏ拷锟叫憋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷6.锟街段猴拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟节讹拷锟絰锟斤拷牟锟酵�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫诧拷同锟侥斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絖(d锟斤拷)式锟侥猴拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟�1锟斤拷锟街段猴拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絗锟絁(r锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟角幾傦拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟�2锟斤拷锟街段猴拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟侥讹拷锟絰锟斤拷锟角革拷锟轿讹拷锟絰锟斤拷牟锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街碉拷锟斤拷歉锟斤拷锟街碉拷锟侥诧拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷7锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絳(di锟斤拷o)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟�1锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絆(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)y=f(x)锟侥讹拷锟絰锟斤拷?y锟斤拷n)锟絀锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(du锟斤拷)锟节讹拷锟絰锟斤拷I锟斤拷(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷某锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟絕(q锟斤拷)锟絞D锟斤拷(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷蓚锟�(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷變锟斤拷x1锟斤拷x2锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)x1

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(du锟斤拷)锟节區(q锟斤拷)锟絞D锟较碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷蓚锟�(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷變锟斤拷锟斤拷值x1锟斤拷x2锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)x1

锟斤拷锟斤拷注锟解：锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟侥嗭拷锟絳(di锟斤拷o)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节讹拷锟絰锟斤拷锟�(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷某锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟絕(q锟斤拷)锟絞锟较碉拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟角猴拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟侥局诧拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷2锟斤拷锟紻锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷c(di锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(sh锟斤拷)y=f(x)锟斤拷某锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟絕(q锟斤拷)锟絞锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷p锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷么锟絝(shu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)y=f(x)锟斤拷锟紷一锟絕(q锟斤拷)锟絞锟较撅拷锟斤拷(锟斤拷(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟�)锟斤拷锟絳(di锟斤拷o)锟皆ｏ拷锟节嗭拷锟絳(di锟斤拷o)锟絕(q锟斤拷)锟絞锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟侥圖锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟絧锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟侥圖锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷陆锟斤拷锟�.(3).锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絳(di锟斤拷o)锟絕(q锟斤拷)锟絞锟絚锟斤拷锟絳(di锟斤拷o)锟皆碉拷锟叫讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(A)锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷1锟斤拷取x1锟斤拷x2∈D锟斤拷锟斤拷x1

锟斤拷锟斤拷8锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷偶锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟�1锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷(du锟斤拷)锟节猴拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)f(x)锟侥讹拷锟絰锟斤拷锟�(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)x锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷f(锟斤拷x)=f(x)锟斤拷锟斤拷么f(x)锟酵斤拷锟斤拷偶锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟�2锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷(du锟斤拷)锟节猴拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)f(x)锟侥讹拷锟絰锟斤拷锟�(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)x锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷f(锟斤拷x)=—f(x)锟斤拷锟斤拷么f(x)锟酵斤拷锟斤拷锟芥函锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷注锟解：锟斤拷1锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟芥函锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷偶锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟絈锟介函锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷偶锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷偶锟斤拷锟角猴拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟杰沒(m锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟斤拷偶锟斤拷,也锟斤拷锟杰硷拷锟斤拷锟芥函锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷偶锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷2锟缴猴拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷偶锟皆讹拷锟絰锟斤拷知锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷偶锟皆碉拷一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷要锟絣锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(du锟斤拷)锟节讹拷锟絰锟斤拷锟�(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)x锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絫锟斤拷x也一锟斤拷锟角讹拷锟絰锟斤拷锟�(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷變锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷原锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟斤拷(du锟斤拷)锟絈锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟�3锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷偶锟皆的猴拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟侥圖锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�

锟斤拷锟斤拷偶锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟侥圖锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷y锟絊锟斤拷(du锟斤拷)锟絈锟斤拷锟芥函锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟侥圖锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷原锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟斤拷(du锟斤拷)锟絈锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟矫讹拷锟絰锟叫斷函锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷偶锟皆的革拷式锟斤拷锟紼锟斤拷锟斤拷1锟斤拷锟饺確锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟侥讹拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫旓拷锟戒定锟絰锟斤拷锟角凤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷原锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟斤拷(du锟斤拷)锟絈锟斤拷锟斤拷2锟絖锟斤拷f(锟斤拷x)锟絚f(x)锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)系锟斤拷锟斤拷3锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟結(ji锟斤拷)論锟斤拷锟斤拷f(锟斤拷x)=f(x)锟斤拷f(锟斤拷x)锟斤拷f(x)=0锟斤拷锟絫f(x)锟斤拷偶锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷f(锟斤拷x)=锟斤拷f(x)锟斤拷f(锟斤拷x)锟斤拷f(x)=0锟斤拷锟絫f(x)锟斤拷锟芥函锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷9锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟侥斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絖(d锟斤拷)式

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟�1锟斤拷.锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟侥斤拷锟斤拷式锟角猴拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷一锟絅锟斤拷示锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷蓚锟�(g锟斤拷)變锟斤拷之锟絞锟侥猴拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)系锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷一锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街�锟絞锟侥岋拷(du锟斤拷)锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟絫锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(sh锟斤拷)锟侥讹拷锟絰锟斤拷.

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟�2锟斤拷.锟襟函旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟侥斤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷系锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絈元锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街�锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷式锟侥橈拷(g锟斤拷u)锟斤拷r(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟矫达拷锟斤拷系锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷知锟斤拷(f锟斤拷)锟较猴拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)f[g(x)]锟侥憋拷锟絖(d锟斤拷)式锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟矫換元锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷锟絩(sh锟斤拷)要注锟斤拷元锟斤拷取值锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷知锟斤拷锟絖(d锟斤拷)式锟絕锟斤拷(ji锟斤拷n)锟轿時(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷也锟斤拷锟矫滐拷锟戒法锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷知锟斤拷锟襟函旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絖(d锟斤拷)式锟斤拷锟絫锟斤拷锟矫解方锟教組锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絝(x)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絘(b锟斤拷)锟戒不锟斤拷式锟侥解法锟絚锟斤拷锟轿猴拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟教ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)

锟斤拷锟斤拷軌锟紼锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴傦拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷膯锟�(w锟斤拷n)锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷軌锟紼锟较碉拷锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟较給锟斤拷锟侥條锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷锟斤拷軌锟紼锟侥硷拷锟斤拷锟皆ｏ拷也锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟皆ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷軌锟紼锟较碉拷锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟较給锟斤拷锟侥條锟斤拷锟斤拷也锟斤拷锟角凤拷锟较給锟斤拷锟絣锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷軌锟紼锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷锟斤拷軌锟紼锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷裕锟揭诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆ｏ拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷十锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(d锟斤拷ng)锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟斤拷軌锟紼锟斤拷锟教的伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紼锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷1锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絤锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)?sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷?bi锟斤拷o)系锟斤拷锟絆(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟絚(di锟斤拷n)M锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(bi锟斤拷o)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷2锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚(di锟斤拷n)M锟侥硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷3锟斤拷锟叫筹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷=0锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷4锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(ji锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟教烇拷锟筋簡(ji锟斤拷n)锟斤拷式锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷5锟斤拷锟絲锟�(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷十一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(d锟斤拷ng)锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟斤拷軌锟紼锟斤拷锟教的筹拷锟矫凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷軌锟紼锟斤拷锟教的凤拷锟斤拷锟叫讹拷N锟斤拷锟斤拷锟矫碉拷锟斤拷直锟絞锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟酵斤拷軌锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷1锟斤拷直锟絞锟斤拷锟斤拷直锟接岋拷锟絣锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絞锟缴碉拷式锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(ji锟斤拷n)锟襟即得勶拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟斤拷軌锟紼锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷锟絅锟斤拷軌锟紼锟斤拷锟教的凤拷锟斤拷通锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷直锟絞锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷2锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷軌锟絖锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟斤拷軌锟紼锟組锟斤拷某锟絅锟斤拷知锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥讹拷锟絰锟斤拷锟絫锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥讹拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷锟絅锟斤拷軌锟紼锟斤拷锟教的凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷3锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟矫勶拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟絚(di锟斤拷n)Q锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(bi锟斤拷o)x锟斤拷y锟斤拷示锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟絚(di锟斤拷n)P锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(bi锟斤拷o)x0锟斤拷y0锟斤拷然锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷c(di锟斤拷n)P锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(bi锟斤拷o)锟斤拷x0锟斤拷y0锟斤拷锟斤拷锟組锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(ji锟斤拷n)锟斤拷玫锟斤拷锟�(d锟斤拷ng)锟絚(di锟斤拷n)Q軌锟紼锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷锟絅锟斤拷軌锟紼锟斤拷锟教的凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷4锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷(bi锟斤拷o)x锟斤拷y之锟絞锟斤拷直锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)系锟統锟斤拷锟揭碉拷锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟饺岋拷锟斤拷x锟斤拷y锟絚某一變锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)t锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)系锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷去锟斤拷變锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)t锟斤拷锟矫碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(d锟斤拷ng)锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟斤拷軌锟紼锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷锟絅锟斤拷軌锟紼锟斤拷锟教的凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷5锟斤拷锟斤拷軌锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴勶拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫的咃拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷去锟斤拷锟矫碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟侥凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷蓜锟�(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟斤拷軌锟紼锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷锟絅锟斤拷軌锟紼锟斤拷锟教的凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷軌锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(d锟斤拷ng)锟絚(di锟斤拷n)軌锟紼锟斤拷锟教碉拷一锟姐步锟紼锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷俳锟较�——锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絤锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)?sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷?bi锟斤拷o)系锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷O(sh锟斤拷)锟絚(di锟斤拷n)——锟絆(sh锟斤拷)軌锟紼锟较碉拷锟斤拷一锟絚(di锟斤拷n)P锟斤拷x锟斤拷y锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷式——锟叫筹拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟絚(di锟斤拷n)p锟斤拷锟組锟斤拷锟斤拷P(gu锟斤拷n)系式锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟杰达拷锟絈——锟斤拷锟絣锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟絰锟矫撅拷锟絰锟斤拷式锟斤拷斜锟绞癸拷式锟饺岋拷锟斤拷锟紻(zhu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷X锟斤拷Y锟侥凤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(ji锟斤拷n)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷C锟斤拷——锟紺锟斤拷锟斤拷锟襟方程硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷蠗l锟斤拷锟侥勶拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟絚(di锟斤拷n)軌锟紼锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷2锟斤拷螌W(xu锟斤拷)锟矫革拷锟叫旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟絎(xu锟斤拷)

锟斤拷锟斤拷1.锟斤拷锟絥锟絁(r锟斤拷n)锟斤拷聽(t锟斤拷ng)锟絭锟斤拷锟斤拷(du锟斤拷)锟较庯拷锟絝(shu锟斤拷)锟絕(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷話锟組(j锟斤拷n)锟叫加癸拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(一锟斤拷臄锟�(sh锟斤拷)锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷暮锟斤拷佣锟斤拷锟�(l锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絇記锟斤拷锟斤拷锟竭诧拷喜锟絞锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絇記锟斤拷锟矫的學(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷太锟斤拷要锟絇記锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角诧拷模锟斤拷蔷筒锟斤拷貌锟斤拷锟接�锟斤拷锟洁看锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟较庯拷锟絝(shu锟斤拷)锟斤拷話锟斤拷锟紻(zhu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷然锟絑(y锟斤拷)锟皆ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絝(shu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟饺價(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷b=λa锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絞锟斤拷锟斤拷b锟斤拷a锟缴憋拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)系锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷然锟絑(y锟斤拷)锟皆ｏ拷锟絓锟紷锟阶讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟解。

锟斤拷锟斤拷2.锟斤拷锟矫圖锟斤拷記锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷贊锟斤拷思锟絊锟斤拷(d锟斤拷o)锟紻(锟斤拷锟叫旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷思锟絊锟斤拷(d锟斤拷o)锟紻锟戒實(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟統)锟斤拷锟絍锟揭傦拷锟斤拷锟紻锟轿猴拷锟斤拷锟阶庯拷锟斤拷記锟斤拷(锟斤拷锟斤拷100锟斤拷锟斤拷锟较碉拷記锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絥锟侥侊拷(l锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟絝(shu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟紻锟絝(shu锟斤拷)話锟斤拷锟矫圖锟轿庯拷锟斤拷記锟斤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷3.锟絥锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷訂锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜(cu锟斤拷)锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷锟杰學(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絝(shu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟剿诧拷锟斤拷锟杰兩达拷踏锟組(j锟斤拷n)同一锟絣锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜(cu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絵目锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)偏锟斤拷膶W(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷還锟角曪拷(hu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絜(cu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷止锟斤拷锟絜(cu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜(cu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆極锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷煽锟�(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷4.锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵目锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭�锟斤拷么锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷谓锟斤拷}锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟角沒(m锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟叫撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絤锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)?sh锟斤拷)膯?w锟斤拷n)锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絀(l锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界問(w锟斤拷n)锟皆硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷什么锟紷一锟斤拷要锟紷么么锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷什么要锟斤拷锟斤拷(ji锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷什么要…锟紷锟絅思锟絊锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟絋锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷慕锟斤拷}锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絥也锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷锟接的嗭拷(w锟斤拷n)锟絵锟斤拷锟絭锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷5.锟絤锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)?sh锟斤拷)木锟斤拷?x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷(zh锟斤拷n)锟絞(sh锟斤拷)锟揭诧拷锟斤拷锟絔锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷之锟斤拷效锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷1.2.3.4.锟斤拷锟斤拷锟矫的伙拷锟紸(ch锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷去锟斤拷锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷t锟斤拷锟角诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟絔锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟竭匡拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟絎(xu锟斤拷)知锟絉(sh锟斤拷)锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟絉锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟铰高匡拷锟結訊锟斤拷锟竭匡拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷前锟斤拷(zh锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷志愿锟斤拷锟�(b锟斤拷o)锟斤拷锟饺★拷锟�?j锟斤拷n)?sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟竭匡拷锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟絞锟斤拷锟斤拷全锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷(ji锟斤拷)锟絚(di锟斤拷n)

锟組锟斤拷"锟竭匡拷锟絎(w锟斤拷ng)"微锟脚癸拷锟斤拷號(h锟斤拷o)