锟斤拷锟斤拷小锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷2022锟竭匡拷一輪锟斤拷锟斤拷知锟絉锟絚之锟竭匡拷锟斤拷锟絎300锟斤拷知锟絉盲锟絚锟斤拷希锟斤拷锟杰夛拷锟絍锟斤拷锟斤拷锟结供锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷1锟斤拷锟絞锟斤拷锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟紽锟斤拷锟絏锟斤拷锟斤拷臐锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷g锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絞锟斤拷只锟节筹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接燂拷l锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紽锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷锟结反锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷2Fe + 6H2SO4(锟斤拷)=Fe2(SO4)3+ 3SO2↑ + 6H2O 锟絞锟斤拷锟斤拷指锟筋潑锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节忥拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟杰碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷膜锟組锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟組一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷2锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵锟结、锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟接凤拷锟斤拷式锟叫诧拷锟絖锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟结不锟斤拷锟絖锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷3锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟接凤拷锟斤拷式锟叫ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷石锟斤拷水要锟斤拷锟絖锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷石锟斤拷锟介不锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷4锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟接憋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟斤拷未锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷5锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟絚锟揭达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷6锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷伽锟斤拷锟絖锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫ｏ拷未锟斤拷知锟絯锟絜锟斤拷锟斤拷PH=1锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟接的傦拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷0.1NA锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷7锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫無C=C锟絧锟絀锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷8锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角硷拷锟紸锟斤拷锟終锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷锟紸锟皆碉拷锟斤拷锟角堿锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(w锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷9锟斤拷小锟終锟斤拷锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟斤拷c锟斤拷锟接燂拷纸锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷碳锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(w锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡旓拷锟絵锟叫曪拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷10锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟揭达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絬锟斤拷锟较氾拷原锟接的活潑锟斤拷锟斤拷锟轿減锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟絚锟揭达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷11锟斤拷锟紸锟斤拷锟斤拷元锟截碉拷锟桔凤拷锟絚锟斤拷原锟接半徑越锟斤拷锟桔凤拷锟絚越锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絬锟截嗭拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟角凤拷锟接撅拷锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紸锟斤拷锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紸锟斤拷锟斤拷小锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷越锟襟范碉拷锟紸锟斤拷越锟斤拷锟桔凤拷锟絚也锟斤拷越锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紸锟斤拷锟斤拷元锟斤拷锟角斤拷锟劫撅拷锟絯锟斤拷锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絀锟角斤拷锟斤拷锟絀锟斤拷原锟接半徑越小原锟接猴拷锟絞锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷越锟斤拷锟斤拷越锟統锟狡夛拷锟斤拷锟桔凤拷锟絚越锟竭★拷#锟絊锟斤拷锟斤拷電荷旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絝锟斤拷锟斤拷锟桔凤拷锟絚锟斤拷u锟斤拷锟酵ｏ拷锟絚锟絬锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟洁反锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷12锟斤拷锟斤拷c锟斤拷锟解反锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)只锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟絚锟节筹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絘(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟接燂拷锟斤拷锟饺�燃锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷13锟斤拷锟紸锟斤拷锟劫碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆ｏ拷鋰碉拷锟杰度憋拷煤锟斤拷小锟斤拷锟斤拷锟杰憋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷煤锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷通锟斤拷锟杰凤拷锟斤拷石蠟锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟杰度憋拷水小锟斤拷锟斤拷煤锟酵达拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷14锟斤拷锟紸锟斤拷锟劫碉拷锟杰讹拷锟斤拷鋰碉拷锟紺锟斤拷u锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节咃拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟杰度憋拷鉀的达拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷15锟斤拷锟斤拷式锟絵锟斤拷锟杰斤拷锟揭伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟斤拷c锟斤拷锟杰斤拷却锟�

锟斤拷锟斤拷16锟斤拷煤锟侥革拷锟絪锟角伙拷锟絎變锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絪锟酵凤拷锟絪锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷變锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷17锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷變锟斤拷锟角伙拷锟絎變锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷變锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷18锟斤拷锟紸锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟角斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤不一锟斤拷锟角堿锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷Mn2O7锟角斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟戒對锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角革拷锟絠锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷HMnO4锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷19锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤不一锟斤拷锟角非斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤（锟斤拷Mn2O7锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷也锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤（锟斤拷H2O锟斤拷CO锟斤拷NO锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷20锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟絚水锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟缴岋拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷記住锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟借（SiO2锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟紸锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷母锟斤拷睿猴拷芨锟斤拷锟斤拷鸱磻锟�(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷只锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷水锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷21锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆ｏ拷Cl2>Br2>Fe3+>I2>S锟斤拷還原锟皆ｏ拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷>锟斤拷锟紽锟絰锟斤拷>锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷>锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷22锟斤拷22.4L锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟角標況锟铰ｏ拷锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟饺伙拷碳锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟狡撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷碳原锟接旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷4锟侥烴锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节標況锟斤拷锟角氾拷锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角氾拷锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷記锟矫伙拷蠒r锟角否反戯拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷NO锟斤拷O2锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷23锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷電斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絰锟接凤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絖锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷24锟斤拷锟絊锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟組锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絬變稀锟斤拷锟绞诧拷锟斤拷锟組锟叫碉拷锟阶ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷i锟絚锟斤拷锟絵锟结反锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷25锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷c锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆癸拷锟斤拷锟絵锟侥伙拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷26锟斤拷锟統锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟狡凤拷锟斤拷:锟斤拷AgNO3锟斤拷液锟叫硷拷锟斤拷稀锟斤拷水

锟斤拷锟斤拷AgNO3 + NH3.H2O = AgOH↓+NH4NO3

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷稀锟斤拷水锟斤拷AgOH + 2NH3.H2O =Ag(NH3)2 OH + 2H2O ,锟斤拷锟斤拷锟巾剛锟斤拷锟杰斤拷停止.

锟斤拷锟斤拷27锟斤拷偏锟絏锟斤拷锟斤拷c锟斤拷锟絰锟接凤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紿+锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷 H+ + H2O + AlO2-=Al(OH)3 ↓ 锟斤拷锟斤拷谴锟斤拷锟紿+ 锟斤拷么 AlO2- +4H+=Al3+ + 2H2O

锟斤拷锟斤拷28锟斤拷锟斤拷沫锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷姆锟斤拷锟�(y锟斤拷ng)原锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絧水锟斤拷膽锟�(y锟斤拷ng)锟矫ｏ拷Al2(SO4)3+6NaHCO3==3Na2SO4+2Al(OH)3↓+6CO2↑

锟斤拷锟斤拷29锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟給論锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷碳通锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷只锟斤拷锟絘(ch锟斤拷n)碳锟斤拷锟斤拷c锟斤拷C6H5ONa+CO2+H2O==C6H5OH+NaHCO3锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷30锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接诧拷锟斤拷锟絚碳锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng):

锟斤拷锟斤拷C6H5-OH + Na2CO3 --→ C6H5-ONa + NaHCO3

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟杰發(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷,锟斤拷锟斤拷楸斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷詮锟斤拷锟教硷拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚只锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng):

锟斤拷锟斤拷C6H5-ONa + CO2 + H2O --→ C6H5-OH + NaHCO3

锟斤拷锟斤拷該锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟杰發(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷,锟斤拷锟教硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷詮锟斤拷诒锟斤拷印锟�

锟斤拷锟斤拷31锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟饺氣反锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟饺氾拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷然锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟饺氣不锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟饺伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷32锟斤拷锟斤拷锟阶凤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷P4锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接撅拷锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷12.4g锟斤拷锟阶猴拷锟斤拷锟斤拷原锟接旓拷(sh锟斤拷)目锟斤拷0.4NA锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷33锟斤拷Cl2锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷Fe锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟給論锟紽锟絕锟斤拷還锟斤拷未锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷只锟斤拷锟斤拷锟饺伙拷锟紽锟斤拷只锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟紽锟斤拷锟絚锟饺伙拷锟紽锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟絘(ch锟斤拷n)锟饺伙拷锟斤拷锟紽锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷34锟斤拷Al3++ 3 AlO2- + 6 H2O =4 Al(OH)3↓

锟斤拷锟斤拷35锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷碳通锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫凤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟介：

锟斤拷锟斤拷2H2O+2CO2+Na2SiO3=2NaHCO3+H2SiO3↓锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷36锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絕锟诫徑锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�1锟斤拷锟接旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷同锟斤拷锟剿达拷霃叫★拷锟�2锟斤拷锟接�锟�锟斤拷锟接达拷霃斤拷锟�3锟斤拷锟斤拷同锟斤拷锟絩锟竭半徑小锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紽锟斤拷锟节讹拷锟絩锟紽锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絩锟紽锟斤拷4锟斤拷锟斤拷訉咏Y(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)锟斤拷同锟斤拷锟斤拷電荷旓拷(sh锟斤拷)越锟襟，半徑越小锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷37锟斤拷C锟斤拷锟轿成伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷元锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷然锟斤拷锟斤拷硬锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)元锟截伙拷锟紹(t锟斤拷i)锟戒化锟斤拷锟叫氾拷锟斤拷|(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟街旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷叩锟皆�锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷38锟斤拷元锟截氾拷B(t锟斤拷i)锟戒化锟斤拷锟杰猴拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节筹拷锟斤拷锟铰凤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷該元锟截嗭拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷S锟斤拷锟紷锟角革拷锟叫猴拷锟斤拷要锟侥伙拷锟絎锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷也锟斤拷唯一锟絯锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷缘姆锟斤拷锟�(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷2H2S+SO2=2H2O+3S

锟斤拷锟斤拷39锟斤拷元锟截的氾拷B(t锟斤拷i)锟戒化锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟竭價锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤對锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟斤拷锟杰凤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷元锟截烇拷N锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷40锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟节筹拷锟斤拷锟铰筹拷液锟紹(t锟斤拷i)锟侥非斤拷锟斤拷元锟截烇拷Br.锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟节筹拷锟斤拷锟铰筹拷液锟紹(t锟斤拷i)锟侥斤拷锟斤拷元锟截為：Hg锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷41锟斤拷锟较斤拷锟角伙拷锟斤拷铮�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷u)锟斤拷锟斤拷煞值慕锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界：硬锟饺憋拷锟斤拷锟侥革拷锟組锟街斤拷锟斤拷硬锟饺达拷锟斤拷锟较斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷c锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥革拷锟組锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚要锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷42锟斤拷3Mg+N2==Mg3N2 2Mg+CO2==C+2MgO锟斤拷锟絣锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚燃锟斤拷锟絜锟斤拷記哦锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫曪拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷J锟斤拷锟絍锟絚锟斤拷锟解不锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟斤拷哦锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷43锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紽锟斤拷锟斤拷通锟紽锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絇鋼猴拷碳锟斤拷锟斤拷锟轿斤拷锟酵★拷锟斤拷锟紽锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紽锟角猴拷碳锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷2%锟斤拷锟紽碳锟较斤拷锟斤拷鋼ｏ拷锟斤拷呛锟教硷拷锟斤拷锟�0.04%-2.3%之锟絞锟斤拷锟紽碳锟较金，诧拷锟絇锟斤拷锟紽e锟斤拷C锟斤拷Cr锟较斤拷锟斤拷F(xi锟斤拷n)e锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷s锟斤拷74.6%锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷44锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絓锟斤拷水锟斤拷原锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟斤拷原锟斤拷锟斤拷原锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絓锟斤拷水锟叫匡拷锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟斤拷锟缴種锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟接ｏ拷KAl(SO4)2 = K+ + Al3+ + 2SO42-锟斤拷Al3+锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟解，锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絲锟斤拷臍锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷XAl(OH)3锟斤拷Al3+ + 3H2O = Al(OH)3锟斤拷锟絲锟絯锟斤拷+ 3H+ 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絏锟絲锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟杰忥拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟斤拷腋锟斤拷锟斤拷s锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟轿成筹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷使水锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷45锟斤拷锟紽锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絏锟狡成匡拷锟斤拷锟杰凤拷锟紸锟絓锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷菨锟斤拷锟斤拷幔�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷F锟斤拷锟絏锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷蜐锟斤拷锟斤拷岱达拷锟�(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟絜锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟絞锟斤拷锟角濓拷锟斤拷锟斤拷蜐锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紽锟斤拷锟絏锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷止锟剿斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷慕锟斤拷|锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷46锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絏锟絚锟斤拷锟紸锟斤拷液锟侥凤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角氾拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷2Al + 2NaOH + 2H2O = 2NaAlO2 + 3H2↑

锟斤拷锟斤拷47锟斤拷锟絍锟节讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷燃锟斤拷锟絚锟节讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絍锟酵嗭拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟津，碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絕锟絤(x锟斤拷)锟絚锟絍锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絍锟斤拷2Mg+SO2==2MgO+S Mg+S==MgS 锟絣锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚燃锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷48锟斤拷锟絏锟结反锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紽:

锟斤拷锟斤拷2Al+Fe2O3=Al2O3+2Fe

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紽:8Al+3Fe3O4=4Al2O3+9Fe

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絠: 4Al+3MnO2=2Al2O3+3Mn (锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟絣锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷邷锟�)锟絏锟结反锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟侥戯拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟矫ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷冶锟斤拷稀锟叫斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷野锟解焊锟斤拷锟紽軌锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡★拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷49锟斤拷锟絏锟结反锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟�1锟斤拷锟絏锟结反锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷冶锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟侥斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟脚熱反锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絍锟絣锟斤拷锟斤拷燃锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷鉀烇拷锟斤拷燃锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟�2锟斤拷原锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絏锟结反锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟絙锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絏锟结劑锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷,锟斤拷锟斤拷鋪岋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�,锟斤拷锟絞锟斤拷锟斤拷V锟絣.锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟絩锟斤拷锟絚燃锟絍锟絣,锟竭滐拷使锟斤拷锟斤拷鉀分斤拷a(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷,锟紷锟斤拷锟街达拷锟組锟絍锟絣燃锟斤拷.锟絍锟絣燃锟斤拷锟絘(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷,锟斤拷锟斤拷X锟结反锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷邷貤l锟斤拷,锟紷锟接凤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟酵碉拷锟斤拷锟組锟叫★拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷50锟斤拷元锟截斤拷锟斤拷锟皆忥拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫斷方锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟�1锟斤拷锟絚水锟斤拷锟结反锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟矫換锟斤拷锟斤拷y锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷2锟斤拷锟斤拷邇r锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤對锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)水锟斤拷锟斤拷膲A锟皆忥拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟揭伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟竭價哦锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟絵锟叫曪拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷去锟斤拷锟斤拷邇r锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟�3锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷還原锟皆伙拷锟絰锟接碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟�4锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟絞锟斤拷锟矫換锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷5锟斤拷電伙拷锟絎原锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟�6锟斤拷元锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节憋拷锟叫碉拷位锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷51锟斤拷電伙拷锟絎記住锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷原電池ｏ拷負锟斤拷锟斤拷負負锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞裁达拷锟剿硷拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷負锟絆锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟斤拷锟斤拷負锟絆锟狡勶拷锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絆锟狡動ｏ拷一锟姐考試锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷只要锟叫旓拷锟斤拷l锟斤拷負锟絆锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟角發(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷記锟斤拷住锟斤拷锟紷么記锟睫癸拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡筹拷一锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟结）锟斤拷锟斤拷電斤拷兀锟诫娊锟斤拷記住锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷陽極锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟斤拷锟斤拷陽極锟狡勶拷锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟斤拷锟斤拷陰極锟狡勶拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷52锟斤拷電伙拷锟絎锟侥匡拷锟絚锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟叫庯拷锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷1锟斤拷锟叫旓拷锟絣锟斤拷負锟絆锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絆锟斤拷2锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟狡動凤拷锟斤拷3锟斤拷锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷什么锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷4锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷苿臃锟斤拷锟�5锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷苿臃锟斤拷锟�6锟斤拷锟紻(zhu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷訑锟�(sh锟斤拷)目锟斤拷7锟斤拷锟斤拷負锟絆锟斤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷8锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷燃锟斤拷電池ｏ拷9锟斤拷電伙拷锟絎锟斤拷锟絞锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絞锟斤拷锟斤拷10锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷锟饺堿锟斤拷锟絀(y锟斤拷)锟饺★拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷53锟斤拷記住原電池猴拷電斤拷乜刹锟斤拷强锟斤拷娣达拷锟�(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟芥反锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷同一锟斤拷B(t锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟斤拷也锟斤拷锟角條锟斤拷锟斤拷同锟斤拷锟斤拷電斤拷睾锟皆�電筹拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷源一锟斤拷锟絔锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷54锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟绞揭伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟杰岋拷锟絜锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷55锟斤拷記锟斤拷記锟矫癸拷也锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷Si+2NaOH+H2O==Na2SiO3+2H2(锟斤拷锟絯)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟轿嗭拷只锟斤拷锟絏锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷么锟絝锟侥ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷墙锟斤拷倬锟斤拷锟斤拷X锟斤拷锟角斤拷锟劫撅拷锟角癸拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷56锟斤拷原電池匡拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷楸ｏ拷o锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絆锟斤拷锟斤拷電斤拷乜锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷獗ｏ拷o锟斤拷锟斤拷陰極锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆撅拷锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷陽極锟斤拷锟姐總锟斤拷锟杰把达拷锟絶锟斤拷陰極锟給锟斤拷锟給锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷鍍岋拷锟斤拷陽極锟斤拷鍍硷拷锟斤拷陰極锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷57锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷軌锟斤拷芙锟杰讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟结都锟斤拷锟斤拷锟杰斤拷牟锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷瑁╋拷锟斤拷锟�(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷锟铰ｏ拷SiO2(s) + 4 HF(aq) → SiF4(g) + 2 H2O(l)

锟斤拷锟斤拷58锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷|(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷變锟絳锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角碘化锟斤拷械牡锟皆�锟截★拷锟斤拷锟絵锟叫斤拷(j锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷記锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷}锟叫的碉拷锟斤拷锟街憋拷锟斤拷玫锟斤拷蹤z锟�锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷話锟斤拷锟絜锟絗锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷59锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絏锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟斤拷c锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟矫侊拷锟轿�锟轿革拷锟斤拷^锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫忌诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟絚哦锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷60锟斤拷锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟酵凤拷锟斤拷要锟缴凤拷锟斤拷小锟終锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟斤拷c锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟絚哦锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷61锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷诳諝锟斤拷锟饺硷拷锟街伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絔锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷a(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷62锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟絚锟饺伙拷锟絵锟斤拷锟饺伙拷锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界考锟絵锟斤拷锟絝锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷通锟斤拷锟饺伙拷锟絕锟斤拷液锟叫匡拷锟斤拷锟缴侊拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟絗锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷么記锟斤拷锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟絵锟絚锟絵锟结反锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟缴碉拷锟斤拷锟饺伙拷锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷碳锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟角匡拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟结不锟斤拷锟狡忥拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷63锟斤拷漂锟阶凤拷失效锟斤拷原锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷漂锟阶粉碉拷锟斤拷要锟缴凤拷锟角达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷锟饺伙拷锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵锟酵空氾拷锟叫的讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷碳锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟解反锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟絵锟酵达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷見锟斤拷纸锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷然锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡�锟斤拷效锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷纸锟街�锟斤拷锟绞�效锟剿★拷Ca(CIO)2+CO2+H2O=CaCO3+2HCIO 2HCIO=2HCI+O2

锟斤拷锟斤拷64锟斤拷見锟斤拷纸锟斤拷锟杰燂拷纸锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)要記住哦锟斤拷見锟斤拷纸锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟解化锟統锟斤拷锟藉化锟統锟斤拷锟饺伙拷锟統锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟斤拷c锟角加燂拷欧纸锟�锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷65锟斤拷見锟斤拷纸锟斤拷锟杰燂拷纸锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)要記住哦锟斤拷見锟斤拷纸锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟解化锟統锟斤拷锟藉化锟統锟斤拷锟饺伙拷锟統锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟斤拷c锟角加燂拷欧纸锟�锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷66锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷還原锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紿要锟斤拷锟叫斷化锟较價锟斤拷變锟斤拷锟斤拷還要锟斤拷锟叫旓拷還原锟絘(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷a(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤、锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷還原锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴ｏ拷锟斤拷失锟斤拷锟斤拷還原锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絘(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤；锟斤拷锟斤拷還原锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)還原锟絘(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接涳拷锟斤拷锟竭�原锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絘(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤，锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)還原锟絘(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷還原锟斤拷锟絝锟斤拷锟角凤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷還原锟絘(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷a(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷只锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷67锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷C6H6O(锟斤拷锟斤拷) + O2 锟斤拷锟斤拷C6H4O2 (锟斤拷锟斤拷kun) +H2O锟紷锟斤拷锟角憋拷锟斤拷锟节空氾拷锟斤拷變锟缴粉紅色锟斤拷原锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷68锟斤拷锟斤拷锟桔猴拷锟絯锟絊锟斤拷锟絤然锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷通式锟斤拷C6 H10 O5锟斤拷n锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷碳水锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷記住锟斤拷锟竭诧拷锟斤拷同锟街�锟斤拷锟�(g锟斤拷u)锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絥值锟斤拷同锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷69锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟絊锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絈锟絲锟斤拷锟斤拷然锟斤拷锟絲锟斤拷锟角高凤拷锟接伙拷锟斤拷锟斤，锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷脂锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟较筹拷锟叫機锟竭凤拷锟接伙拷锟斤拷锟斤（锟斤拷锟斤拷锟较�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷烯锟斤拷锟叫機锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟较筹拷锟絯锟絊锟斤拷锟较筹拷锟斤拷锟絲锟饺ｏ拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷70锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟絚一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷碳锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟解反锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷視锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷全锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚水锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷71锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷碳锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷硕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟教硷拷械锟紺O锟斤拷水锟叫碉拷H2锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界：全锟斤拷锟竭匡拷锟絵锟斤拷取a g某锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷全燃锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷a(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷^锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷全锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷w锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷恰锟斤拷也锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷a g锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟叫诧拷锟杰滿锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角ｏ拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷A锟斤拷H2 B锟斤拷CO C锟斤拷C6H12O6 D锟斤拷C12H22O11锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷A锟斤拷锟饺硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿�锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟絚水锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟洁當锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟叫的氾拷猓�锟斤拷锟矫凤拷號前锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷變锟斤拷B一锟斤拷锟斤拷碳燃锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟絚水锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟洁當锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷碳锟叫碉拷CO锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絖锟斤拷C锟斤拷锟皆岋拷锟斤拷變式6锟斤拷CO锟斤拷6(H2)锟斤拷锟酵匡拷锟皆咃拷锟斤拷AB锟斤拷锟斤拷D锟絰項ｏ拷锟酵诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷72锟斤拷锟紽锟絚水锟斤拷锟斤拷邷胤锟斤拷锟�(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷號锟斤拷3Fe+4H2O==Fe3O4+2H2

锟斤拷锟斤拷73锟斤拷木炭锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷啥锟斤拷锟斤拷锟教硷拷锟紺+2H2SO4(锟斤拷)=CO2↑+2SO2↑+2H2O锟斤拷C+4HNO3(锟斤拷)=CO2(锟斤拷锟絯)+4NO2(锟斤拷锟絯)+2H2O

锟斤拷锟斤拷74锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟絍锟斤拷锟絏锟斤拷0.3mol锟街別锟斤拷锟斤拷100mL1mol·L锟斤拷1锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷锟叫ｏ拷同锟斤拷同锟斤拷锟铰產(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟侥氾拷锟絯锟絯锟絜锟斤拷锟角ｏ拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷A锟斤拷1锟斤拷2锟斤拷3 B锟斤拷6锟斤拷3锟斤拷2 C锟斤拷3锟斤拷1锟斤拷1 D锟斤拷1锟斤拷1锟斤拷1锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絖锟斤拷锟絰C锟斤拷锟絜锟斤拷記锟絚锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚水锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟脚筹拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絏锟斤拷锟絍锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚水锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟揭讹拷锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷只锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接嬶拷锟斤拷锟斤拷蓺锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�

锟斤拷锟斤拷75锟斤拷锟絉锟斤拷锟脚碉拷锟竭匡拷原锟絵锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟絰锟接癸拷锟芥問锟絵锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟酵筹拷锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷什么锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角讹拷锟絩锟紽锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟接诧拷锟杰癸拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絩锟紽锟絰锟接曪拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絩锟紽锟絰锟接★拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷76锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷锟絰锟接匡拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟絰锟接癸拷锟斤拷锟斤拷偏锟絏锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷c锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷@么記也锟斤拷锟皆ｏ拷偏锟絏锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟接诧拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟絰锟接ｏ拷锟斤拷锟紸锟斤拷锟絰锟接癸拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷锟絰锟接诧拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟接癸拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷77锟斤拷锟絅锟侥讹拷锟絰锟角僅锟斤拷碳锟斤拷煞N元锟截組锟缴碉拷锟叫機锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟教硷拷浠�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街稱锟斤拷N锟斤拷锟絅锟斤拷锟斤拷碳锟角架碉拷锟轿狅拷锟斤拷苑譃锟芥湡N(锟絖锟街�锟斤拷锟絅)锟酵環(hu锟斤拷n)锟絅锟斤拷童鞋要記锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟酵★拷锟斤拷植锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角伙拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟较烴锟侥讹拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷也锟斤拷锟角烴锟斤拷锟斤拷楹�锟斤拷锟斤拷元锟斤拷锟斤拷只锟杰斤拷锟斤拷锟絅锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷78锟斤拷锟絅锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷臍锟皆�锟斤拷锟杰憋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷原锟接伙拷原锟接團锟斤拷取锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴別锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絅锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟饺硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷79锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟絵锟叫斤拷(j锟斤拷ng)锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷模锟�

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷烯锟酵憋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絕锟届到锟斤拷色锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷原锟斤拷锟角讹拷锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟剿加成凤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟絗锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷釋ｏ拷锟斤拷1锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷只锟杰猴拷液锟藉反锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟藉化锟紽锟竭伙拷锟斤拷锟組锟叫ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷2锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿�锟侥區(q锟斤拷)锟絜锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟角硷拷锟斤拷锟斤，锟斤拷水锟角伙拷锟斤拷铩ｏ拷锟�3锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞庯拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆帮拷锟斤拷锟斤拷取锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫ｏ拷锟給锟紺锟接接斤拷锟給色锟斤拷锟叫機锟接呈筹拷色锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角沒锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟轿何凤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷烯锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟斤拷色锟角發(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟接筹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷p锟絀锟斤拷锟斤拷4锟斤拷锟斤拷锟饺伙拷碳锟酵憋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷取锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角讹拷锟竭現(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷同锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟絧锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴�锟斤拷锟较岋拷锟斤拷锟铰岋拷锟斤拷色锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟饺伙拷碳锟斤拷水锟截ｏ拷锟斤拷锟较層無色锟斤拷锟铰岋拷锟斤拷锟缴�锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷锟揭傦拷锟斤拷锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟杰多考锟絚哦锟斤拷童鞋要記住哦锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷80锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷醛锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷醛锟斤拷锟斤拷還原锟缴达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟结不锟斤拷還原锟斤拷醛锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷81锟斤拷锟斤拷色锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷變锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷什么锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接碉拷突锟絊锟斤拷原锟接冿拷(n锟斤拷i)锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷變锟斤拷锟斤拷原锟接和凤拷锟接沒锟叫發(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷變锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷82锟斤拷锟斤拷F锟节猴拷水锟叫憋拷锟节猴拷锟叫革拷锟斤拷锟阶憋拷锟斤拷锟絞锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟斤拷楹Ｋ�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟絗锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷記锟矫烇拷什么锟紽锟斤拷稀锟斤拷锟结反锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟叫硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷,锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷變锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷~锟斤拷锟紽锟斤拷锟斤拷锟轿筹拷原電筹拷锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷一锟接碉拷原锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷锟饺和猴拷水锟叫高ｏ拷锟斤拷锟轿筹拷原電筹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆革拷锟絞锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷83锟斤拷電伙拷锟絎锟斤拷锟絞锟斤拷锟酵帮拷锟斤拷記住锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紽锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟戒腐锟絞锟斤拷锟斤拷1锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)锟缴碉拷锟斤拷原電池讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷電斤拷亍锟斤拷锟�2锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆條锟斤拷锟铰ｏ拷锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟戒腐锟絞锟斤拷負锟絆锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng) Fe-2e-=Fe2+锟斤拷锟絆锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng) 2H++2e-=H2↑锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng) Fe+2H+=Fe2++H2↑锟斤拷3锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆條锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絞負锟絆锟斤拷Fe-2e-=Fe2+锟斤拷锟絆锟斤拷2H2O+O2+4e-=4OH-

锟斤拷锟斤拷2Fe+2H2O+O2=2Fe(OH)2 锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷4Fe(OH)2+O2+2H2O=4Fe(OH)3

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟�4锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)該锟絝锟斤拷試锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絞锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷84锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絎锟斤拷锟絞锟斤拷直锟接凤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷電伙拷锟絎锟斤拷锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)锟斤拷原電池ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷85锟斤拷锟絰锟接凤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷锟絗锟叫斷：

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟�1锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟斤拷c锟斤拷液锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷石锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷石锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷同锟斤拷記住锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷原锟絫锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絎锟斤拷木桶锟斤拷論锟斤拷锟絙水锟斤拷锟斤拷取锟絈锟斤拷锟斤拷痰陌锟斤拷樱锟�

锟斤拷锟斤拷石锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟接凤拷锟斤拷式锟介：

锟斤拷锟斤拷2HCO3-+2OH-+Ca2+=CaCO3(锟斤拷锟斤拷)+CO32-+2H2O

锟斤拷锟斤拷石锟斤拷水锟絕锟斤拷锟絰锟接凤拷锟斤拷式锟介：

锟斤拷锟斤拷HCO3-+ Ca2+ +OH-=H2O+CaCO3锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷號

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟�2锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟絍锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷锟絰锟接凤拷锟斤拷式锟叫诧拷锟斤拷锟絖锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(j锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷記锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷3锟斤拷石锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚Na2CO3锟斤拷液锟斤拷希锟紺a2锟斤拷锟斤拷CO32锟斤拷锟斤拷CaCO3锟斤拷锟絜锟絗锟斤拷石锟斤拷锟介不锟斤拷锟絖锟斤拷锟斤拷4锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟絕锟絚锟斤拷锟结反锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷Ba2锟斤拷锟斤拷SO42-===BaSO4↓锟斤拷锟絜锟絗锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絖锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟�5锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟絚锟斤拷锟紸锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷CuSO4锟斤拷2OH-===Cu(OH)2↓锟斤拷SO42锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟絗锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟絖锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟�6锟斤拷稀锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紽屑锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)3Fe锟斤拷8H锟斤拷锟斤拷2NO3锟斤拷 = 3Fe3锟斤拷锟斤拷2NO↑锟斤拷4H2O锟斤拷锟絜锟絗锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟接凤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絖锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紽锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟絩锟紽锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟絘(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟絩锟紽锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟�7锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷石锟斤拷水锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷锟終锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟斤拷希锟紺a2+ + OH锟斤拷+HCO3锟斤拷 = CaCO3↓ + H2O

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟�8锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟絗锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷一锟桔曪拷锟絁锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絖锟侥ｏ拷也锟斤拷锟较帮拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷P(gu锟斤拷n)系锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟終锟斤拷锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷小锟終锟斤拷锟斤拷锟教硷拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷全锟斤拷锟竭匡拷锟斤拷锟絵哦锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟�9锟斤拷锟饺伙拷锟絏锟斤拷液锟叫硷拷锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟斤拷Al3+ + 4NH3?H2O = AlO2- + 4NH4+ + 2H2O锟斤拷锟絜锟絗锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟剿好庯拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角氾拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絏锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节帮拷水锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟�10锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿�锟叫滴硷拷FeCl3锟斤拷液锟狡傦拷Fe(OH)3锟絲锟絯锟斤拷Fe3+锟斤拷3H2O_____(锟斤拷)Fe(OH)3↓锟斤拷3H+锟斤拷锟絜锟絗锟斤拷锟絲锟絯锟斤拷锟剿筹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷號锟斤拷也锟角好庯拷锟斤拷目锟斤拷c锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷11锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟接碉拷锟斤拷水锟叫ｏ拷Na锟斤拷2H2O = Na锟斤拷锟斤拷OH锟斤拷锟斤拷H2↑锟斤拷锟絜锟絗锟斤拷锟紿锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟桔匡拷锟斤拷锟角诧拷锟角曪拷锟絁锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絖锟斤拷電猴拷也锟截猴拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤反锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤都锟斤拷锟絖锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟截猴拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接涀�锟斤拷锟叫旓拷锟絰锟接凤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷锟絖锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷瓤锟斤拷鸩徊锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絖锟斤拷電猴拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟截恒）

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷12锟斤拷锟矫达拷锟斤拷锟饺ニ�锟斤拷锟斤拷CaCO3 + 2H+==Ca2+ + H2O + CO2↑锟斤拷锟絜锟絗锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷電斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絖锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟�13锟斤拷锟饺氾拷锟絚水锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷Cl2锟斤拷H2O锟斤拷2H锟斤拷锟斤拷Cl锟斤拷锟斤拷ClO锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟絗锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷電斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絖锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟�14锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷水锟解反锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)CH3COO锟斤拷+H3O+=CH3COOH+H2O锟斤拷锟絜锟絗锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷锟絵變锟轿很讹拷锟斤拷锟紿锟斤拷記住水锟较氾拷锟絰锟接匡拷锟皆诧拷锟剿�锟酵氾拷锟絰锟接ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵锟叫兩傦拷(c锟斤拷)水锟絪锟斤拷锟斤拷變锟缴达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟接和氾拷锟絰锟接結(ji锟斤拷)锟较成达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷樱锟�

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷15锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟叫滴硷拷锟饺伙拷锟絏锟斤拷液锟斤拷Al3锟斤拷锟斤拷4OH锟斤拷锟斤拷AlO2锟斤拷锟斤拷2H2O锟斤拷锟絜锟絗锟斤拷锟酵ｏ拷9锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭伙拷樱锟斤拷H锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭匡拷锟結(ji锟斤拷)05-08锟竭匡拷锟絵锟斤拷锟絰锟接凤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥诧拷锟街匡拷锟絚锟斤拷锟节曪拷貫通锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷些锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟洁總锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷86锟斤拷锟斤拷稀锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷A锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟叫和凤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷1 mol水锟絩锟侥凤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷泻蜔锟�锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟�1锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟酵堿锟斤拷稀锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷(j锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷一摩锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫和熱，锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟斤拷锟脚筹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥燂拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷要記住锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟酵濓拷A锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟洁互稀釋時锟斤拷锟脚燂拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟�2锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷A锟斤拷锟叫和凤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟斤拷锟秸燂拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫和燂拷小锟斤拷57锟斤拷3 kJ·mol锟斤拷1锟斤拷锟斤拷3锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷1摩锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷藭锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷臒峄�锟絎锟斤拷锟斤拷式锟絩锟斤拷水锟斤拷系锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟截烇拷1

锟斤拷锟斤拷87锟斤拷燃锟斤拷锟斤拷:锟斤拷101 kPa锟絩锟斤拷1 mol锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷全燃锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴凤拷(w锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷r锟斤拷锟脚筹拷锟侥燂拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷該锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷燃锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷1锟斤拷锟斤拷燃锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷1 mol锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接嬶拷锟饺硷拷锟斤拷锟絩锟斤拷锟结化锟絎锟斤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟侥伙拷锟絎計锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟街旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷H2(g)锟斤拷1/2O2(g)====H2O(l)锟斤拷ΔH=锟斤拷285锟斤拷8 kJ·mol锟斤拷1 (記住锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷系锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟叫憋拷锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)系锟侥ｏ拷同锟絩锟斤拷锟斤拷2 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷也要锟斤拷锟斤拷2锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(2)锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟津化猴拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷全燃锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界反锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷碳要锟斤拷锟缴讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷碳锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷碳锟斤拷水锟侥狅拷B(t锟斤拷i)锟斤拷液锟紹(t锟斤拷i)锟角氾拷B(t锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟结化锟絎锟斤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷要記住锟斤拷B(t锟斤拷i)锟斤拷須橈拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷锟角岋拷燃锟斤拷锟斤拷還锟斤拷锟叫和熱，記锟斤拷锟斤拷泻蜔锟斤拷燃锟斤拷锟斤拷膮^(q锟斤拷)锟絜锟斤拷ΔH=锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷示锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角放熱反锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷ΔH=+锟斤拷示锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟结反锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷+锟斤拷—號锟斤拷須橈拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷省锟皆ｏ拷锟斤拷記住锟斤拷位锟斤拷要锟斤拷記锟斤拷也锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟絜锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷88锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絊色锟斤拷AgBr锟斤拷锟絊色锟斤拷AgI锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷89锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟接猴拷锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷什么锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴氾拷锟絯锟斤拷Cl2+SO3 2- +H2O=SO4 2- +2HCl 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟接沒锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷全锟斤拷锟街和凤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟絘(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絊O2锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷w锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟杰和侊拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟斤拷也锟斤拷锟杰曪拷锟叫氾拷锟絯锟斤拷锟缴ｏ拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷90锟斤拷锟竭匡拷锟絰锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷通锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆革拷锟絠锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭猴拷校锟斤拷锟缴�锟斤拷去锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟絗锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟矫革拷锟絠锟斤拷鉀撅拷锟叫忥拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆ｏ拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷91锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷試锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟杰度憋拷鉀达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絊锟斤拷锟斤拷電荷旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟缴旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟杰讹拷锟斤拷u锟斤拷锟斤拷幔�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟絗锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷92锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟紷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵锟絜锟斤拷記锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絆值锟斤拷锟斤拷锟截恒法锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷呖锟斤拷锟斤拷}锟斤拷(07全锟斤拷锟斤拷II)锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟絣锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟絚锟斤拷锟解反锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷1.5 g锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷液恰锟斤拷锟杰憋拷80 mL锟斤拷葹锟�0.50 mol/L锟斤拷HCl锟斤拷液锟叫猴拷锟斤拷锟絫該锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷某煞锟斤拷锟�( )

锟斤拷锟斤拷A锟斤拷Na2O

锟斤拷锟斤拷B.Na2O2

锟斤拷锟斤拷C锟斤拷Na2O锟斤拷Na2O2D.

锟斤拷锟斤拷Na2O2锟斤拷NaO2锟紷锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷锟角戯拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟截恒，锟紿锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角诧拷锟斤拷锟紷么一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚——锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷——锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚——锟饺伙拷锟絚锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节癸拷锟絯锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷通锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟絚锟絵锟斤拷恰锟斤拷锟斤拷全锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷計锟斤拷锟斤拷然锟斤拷c锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷0.04摩锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絆(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絚锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)全锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷么锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷0.02摩锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟侥癸拷锟絯锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷0.02*62=1.24g.锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷全锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷么锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷0.02摩锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷0.02*78=1.56g锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�1.5g锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟截烇拷锟斤拷呋锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷93锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷一锟絅锟統锟斤拷色锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷锟紽也锟斤拷锟統锟斤拷色锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角猴拷色锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷锟较紅色锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷94锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟斤拷c锟接燂拷锟斤拷w锟街斤拷锟教硷拷锟斤拷c锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷碳锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷95锟斤拷锟斤拷沫锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷膽锟�(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絏锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟斤拷c锟斤拷锟絧水锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴氾拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絏锟酵讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷碳锟斤拷水锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷96锟斤拷锟絚锟絚锟结反锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚剩锟斤拷锟絩锟絜锟斤拷記還锟斤拷锟絚水锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷97锟斤拷锟絚锟絚锟絵锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟饺匡拷锟絔锟絚锟絚水锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟劫匡拷锟絔锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟絚锟絵锟侥凤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚投锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷液锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷98锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷鉀碉拷锟斤拷锟紺锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷透锟絕锟絳色鈷诧拷锟斤拷片锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫伙拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟絪锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絳色鈷诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆濾去锟絊锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷99锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷稀锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟斤拷記住锟角岋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷注锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟矫诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟借。2011锟斤拷V锟絴锟竭匡拷锟絵

锟斤拷锟斤拷100锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷聯(li锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟狡堿锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絎锟斤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷锟斤拷2012锟斤拷锟終锟竭匡拷锟絵锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟絵知锟絉锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟絅aCl(飽猴拷)+NH3+H2O+CO2=

锟斤拷锟斤拷NH4Cl+NaHCO3↓2NaHCO3=

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接燂拷=Na2CO3+H2O+CO2↑

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷1锟斤拷锟斤拷獍彼�锟斤拷通锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷CO2锟斤拷锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟斤拷@

锟斤拷锟斤拷NH3 +H2O +CO2 锟斤拷 NH4HCO3 锟斤拷2锟斤拷锟劫硷拷锟斤拷食锟絵锟斤拷末锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷NH4HCO3 +NaCl 锟斤拷 NH4Cl +NaHCO3 (锟斤拷锟斤拷)

锟斤拷锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟斤拷@锟絚锟饺伙拷锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟接碉拷锟饺伙拷锟紷锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟斤拷c锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟斤拷c之锟斤拷锟皆筹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷芙锟饺猴拷小锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷3锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟斤拷c锟接燂拷 2NaHCO3 锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷Na2CO3 +H2O +CO2 (锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷101锟斤拷锟絍锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷2Mg +CO2=2MgO+C锟絣锟斤拷锟絚燃锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷锟狡旓拷锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟劫猴拷一锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷色锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟酵帮拷色锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絍锟角帮拷色锟斤拷锟斤拷碳锟角猴拷色锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟角勶拷锟斤拷燃锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴帮拷色锟斤拷末锟酵猴拷色锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷102锟斤拷煤锟侥革拷锟絪锟角伙拷锟絎變锟斤拷锟斤拷石锟酵碉拷锟窖伙拷也锟角伙拷锟絎變锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絃鏈烴锟斤拷锟斤拷锟芥湡N锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷(j锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷103锟斤拷記住锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫筹拷锟饺硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷啥锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紻(zhu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷訑锟�(sh锟斤拷)目锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节催伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟脚曪拷锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷104锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节凤拷電條锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷105锟斤拷锟紽锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷變锟絩锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟津反戯拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟絩锟斤拷锟缴低價锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤（锟津化侊拷锟紽锟斤拷锟津化侊拷锟絶锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟饺氣反锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟絩锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷邇r锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷106锟斤拷SO2锟斤拷使品锟絫锟斤拷色锟斤拷锟接燂拷r锟斤拷锟杰恢復筹拷原色锟斤拷锟絝锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷107锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷漂锟斤拷锟斤拷A指示锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷讯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟酵�锟斤拷锟斤拷色石锟斤拷試液锟叫ｏ拷锟斤拷液變锟絫锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷108锟斤拷锟揭傦拷锟斤拷記一锟介，锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷使品锟絫锟斤拷色锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷使锟斤拷锟絠锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭猴拷锟缴�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟矫讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟竭�原锟皆★拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷109锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷品锟絫锟斤拷液锟斤拷通锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷|(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟饺氾拷投锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角忥拷锟斤拷聯(li锟斤拷n)锟街讹拷锟角兩旓拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷l(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷Cl2+SO2+2H2O=H2SO4+2HCl锟斤拷品锟絫锟斤拷锟斤拷色锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷色石锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟斤拷通锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷|(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟饺氾拷投锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷變锟絫色锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷色锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷110锟斤拷PH<5.6锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷記住锟斤拷锟斤拷PH<小锟斤拷7锟酵斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟疥。

锟斤拷锟斤拷111锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟结不锟杰革拷锟斤氨锟斤拷锟斤拷锟津化氾拷锟斤拷锟解化锟斤拷锟斤拷w锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷112锟斤拷記住锟阶傦拷锟斤拷見锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絓锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷十锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絏鉀ｏ拷锟截撅拷石锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷锟紾锟絓锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟结亞锟紽锟斤拷膽锟絓锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷芒锟斤拷锟斤拷十水锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷113锟斤拷模锟組锟絵锟絰項ｏ拷PH锟斤拷5.6-7.0之锟絞锟侥斤拷水通锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絈锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟絗锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷114锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷114锟斤拷锟饺伙拷锟紽锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟絚锟絶锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絞锟斤拷印刷锟铰凤拷锟�

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷_锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿好庯拷锟斤拷锟斤拷}锟斤拷锟絰锟接凤拷锟斤拷式锟斤，锟斤拷锟矫革拷锟絞锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷印刷锟斤拷路锟藉：Fe3+ + Cu == Fe2+ + Cu2+(電荷诧拷锟截猴拷锟斤拷童鞋锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟接凤拷锟斤拷式06-08锟斤拷呖锟斤拷锟斤拷}锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷趴锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�3锟轿ｏ拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷115锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷原電筹拷锟斤拷負锟絆锟斤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷锟斤拷小锟絒锟絋锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷1锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷么記住锟斤拷锟斤拷記住一锟斤拷通式锟斤拷锟斤拷2H2O + O2 + 4e- = 4OH-锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絞锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絆锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角氾拷锟斤拷燃锟斤拷電池堿锟斤拷電斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絆锟斤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷2锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷燃锟斤拷電池烇拷锟斤拷锟斤拷電斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷負锟絆锟斤拷2H2 - 4e- = 4H+锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴的氾拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆條锟斤拷锟铰匡拷锟皆达拷锟节ｏ拷锟斤拷锟絆锟揭傦拷锟斤拷通式锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴氾拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟接诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆條锟斤拷锟铰达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭革拷锟斤拷4锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟接氾拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷4H++2H2O + O2 + 4e- = 4OH-+4H+锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭約锟斤拷锟侥︼拷锟剿�锟斤拷O2+4H+ +4e- = 2H2O

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟�3锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷燃锟斤拷電池烇拷A锟斤拷電斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷負锟絆锟斤拷2H2 - 4e- = 4H+锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴的氾拷锟絰锟斤拷锟节堿锟皆條锟斤拷锟铰诧拷锟斤拷锟皆达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟斤拷4锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷4OH-+2H2 - 4e- = 4H+4OH-锟斤拷锟较诧拷锟介：2H2+4OH- -4e- = 4H2O锟斤拷锟絆锟斤拷锟斤拷通式锟斤拷記住锟剿嗭拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟戒實锟揭傦拷只锟斤拷要記住2H2O + O2 + 4e- = 4OH-锟紷锟斤拷通式锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷燃锟斤拷電筹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷還锟角堿锟斤拷電斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷然锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟斤拷4锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷還锟斤拷4锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷116锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟较碉拷锟斤拷要锟絕(q锟斤拷)锟絜:锟斤拷锟絪锟斤拷瓶锟斤拷瓶锟絠處锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷募锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�,锟斤拷锟紸锟阶燂拷瓶锟絫锟給锟斤拷锟絙锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷117锟斤拷SO32锟斤拷锟絚MnO4锟斤拷锟給論锟斤拷A锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟杰达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟芥（SO2锟絚SO32锟斤拷锟斤拷S锟侥伙拷锟较價锟斤拷同锟斤拷還原锟斤拷也锟斤拷锟狡ｏ拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷118锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆ｏ拷2MnO4- + 5SO32- + 6H+ ==2Mn2+ + 5SO42- + 3H2O锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆ｏ拷2MnO4- + 3SO32- + H2O == 2MnO2 + 3SO42- + 2OH-锟紸锟皆ｏ拷2MnO4- + SO32- + 2OH- == 2MnO42- + SO42- + H2O锟斤拷3锟絅锟斤拷r锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷119锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絠锟斤拷锟斤拷c锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟津反戯拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷2KMnO4+5SO2+2H2O=2MnSO4+2H2SO4+K2SO4

锟斤拷锟斤拷120锟斤拷锟剿準狅拷r锟斤拷锟斤拷33.6 L锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫猴拷锟叫凤拷原锟接的旓拷(sh锟斤拷)目锟斤拷1.5NA锟斤拷锟絜锟絗锟斤拷锟剿況锟斤拷液锟絯锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷121锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟叫滴硷拷锟絤锟斤拷飽猴拷FeCl3锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟轿成庯拷電碉拷锟絲锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟絗锟斤拷锟絲锟絯锟斤拷锟接匡拷锟皆庯拷電荷ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絲锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷裕锟�

锟斤拷锟斤拷122锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷燃锟斤拷電池ｏ拷記住還锟斤拷通式一锟斤拷锟斤拷r锟斤拷锟斤拷燃锟斤拷電池讹拷锟角堿锟斤拷電斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴的讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节堿锟斤拷锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�

锟斤拷锟斤拷負锟絆锟斤拷CH4+10OH-锟斤拷8e-=CO32锟斤拷+7H2O

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絆锟斤拷2O2+4H2O+8e-=8OH-

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷锟斤拷CH4+2O2+2OH锟斤拷=CO32锟斤拷+3H2O

锟斤拷锟斤拷記住锟斤拷燃锟斤拷電池凤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷锟斤拷锟矫匡拷锟侥凤拷锟斤拷式锟絧去锟斤拷锟轿的凤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟絆锟侥凤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷還锟斤拷要記住通式2H2O + O2 + 4e- = 4OH-锟斤拷锟斤拷燃锟斤拷電池烇拷锟斤拷锟斤拷電斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷,

锟斤拷锟斤拷還锟斤拷锟皆硷拷锟斤拷燃锟斤拷電池烇拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絆锟斤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷通式锟斤拷锟紸(ch锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭革拷锟斤拷4锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟接ｏ拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷負锟絆锟斤拷CH4+2H2O-8e-=CO2+8H+锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷式锟絧去锟斤拷锟絆锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絆锟斤拷2O2+8H++8e-=4H2O锟斤拷通式锟斤拷锟紸(ch锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭硷拷4锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�8e,锟斤拷锟揭革拷锟斤拷锟斤拷2锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷CH4+2O2=CO2+2H2O

锟斤拷锟斤拷123锟斤拷锟絫(y锟斤拷)锟矫酒撅拷锟斤拷通锟斤拷锟斤拷75%锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷124锟斤拷血液锟斤拷一锟絅锟絲锟絯锟斤拷血液透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絲锟絯锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟矫帮拷透膜原锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絲锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷透锟絕锟斤拷透膜锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷透锟絕锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷125锟斤拷記锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷D(zhu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟絅锟統锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟紻(zhu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟絅锟統锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷126锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷指锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)目锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟接猴拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)目锟斤拷锟接碉拷一锟絅原锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角發(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟较侊拷呀锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷127锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絀(y锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟饺氾拷锟斤拷锟绞�锟斤拷锟斤拷取漂锟阶凤拷锟斤拷

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锟斤拷锟斤拷129锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷碳锟絚偏锟絏锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷CO2锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷2AlO2- + CO2 + 3H2O = 2Al(OH)3 ↓+ CO32-

锟斤拷锟斤拷CO2锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷AlO2-+CO2+2H2O=A(OH)3↓+HCO3-

锟斤拷锟斤拷130锟斤拷稀锟叫氾拷锟絯锟角嗭拷原锟接凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫沒锟叫伙拷锟絎锟絀锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷131锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟饺伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷w锟斤拷锟絘(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟阶燂拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节檢驗氨锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷試锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷132锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接橈拷(g锟斤拷u)锟皆ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紽锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷碳锟斤拷直锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷133锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞�锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷134锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟饺伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷w锟斤拷锟絘(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟阶燂拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节檢驗氨锟解，锟斤拷試锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷135锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接橈拷(g锟斤拷u)锟皆ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紽锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷碳锟斤拷直锟斤拷锟酵★拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷136锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞�锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷137锟斤拷锟角斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷越锟斤拷锟侥氫化锟斤穩(w锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷越锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷138锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絎平锟解常锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷aA+bB=cC+Dd記住平锟解常锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟节ｏ拷ccdd./aabb锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟絖锟斤拷锟斤拷思锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷太锟統锟斤拷锟剿ｏ拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷139锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絎平锟解常锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)只锟絚锟截讹拷锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷葻o锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷140锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷泄锟斤拷w锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角硷拷液锟絯锟斤拷锟节時锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟饺匡拷锟皆匡拷锟斤拷锟斤拷1锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟诫公式锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷141锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟竭溫讹拷锟斤拷平锟解常锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷K锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絫锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟结反锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷值锟絧小锟斤拷锟絫锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷艧岱达拷锟�(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷

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锟斤拷锟斤拷143锟斤拷锟轿讹拷锟杰凤拷锟斤拷式锟轿讹拷锟杰堿式锟轿讹拷锟杰區(q锟斤拷)锟絜锟斤拷

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锟斤拷锟斤拷146锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿�锟斤拷锟秸硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟秸氾拷锟叫碉拷锟斤拷锟解反锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟脚空氣法锟斤拷

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锟斤拷锟斤拷148锟斤拷锟斤拷锟轿成氾拷锟絀锟斤拷元锟斤拷锟斤拷N锟斤拷O锟斤拷F锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷149锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷碳通锟斤拷飽猴拷碳锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷液變锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷芯锟斤拷w锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絝锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟斤拷c锟斤拷锟杰斤拷锟叫★拷锟教硷拷锟斤拷c锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷锟角讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷碳锟斤拷水锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟斤拷c锟斤拷

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锟斤拷锟斤拷151锟斤拷A锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟节帮拷處锟絚锟斤拷鈩★拷一锟斤拷喜锟斤拷l(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷炸锟斤拷锟絫A锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷2013锟斤拷V锟絴锟竭匡拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷152锟斤拷電伙拷锟絎锟斤拷锟絵知锟絉锟斤拷

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锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟�6锟斤拷記住锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆�锟斤拷锟斤拷電時锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絆锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷電碉拷陽極锟斤拷锟斤拷電碉拷負锟絆锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷電碉拷陰極锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷(j锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟矫ｏ拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷原電池ｏ拷

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟�1锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷貙锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷負锟絆锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷O锟斤拷負锟絆锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絤然知锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷知锟絉锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷(j锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟斤拷锟絝锟斤拷锟斤拷M锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟絜锟絗锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷2锟斤拷負锟斤拷锟斤拷負負锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷負锟絆锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟斤拷锟斤拷負锟絆锟狡勶拷锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絆锟狡動ｏ拷锟斤拷3锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷燃锟斤拷電池ｏ拷記住通式锟斤拷锟斤拷4锟斤拷锟斤拷F锟斤拷锟絞锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟劫碉拷電伙拷锟絎锟斤拷锟給锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟�1锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷陽極锟斤拷陰極锟斤拷锟給锟斤拷锟斤拷原電筹拷原锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷讓锟斤拷锟斤拷锟給锟侥斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絆锟斤拷锟矫比憋拷锟斤拷锟給锟斤拷锟劫活潑锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷锟侥斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷負锟絆锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷2锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷陰極锟斤拷锟給锟斤拷锟斤拷電斤拷锟皆�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷讓锟斤拷锟斤拷锟給锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷陰極锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接涳拷锟斤拷锟揭伙拷锟诫姵兀锟斤拷\锟絠電池ｏ拷锟剿斤拷涂锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷呖锟斤拷}锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟絅锟斤拷電筹拷锟斤拷锟紷锟絅電池凤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷\锟絠電池ｏ拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭傦拷記锟斤拷锟絓锟絠電池碉拷負锟絆锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷式锟酵匡拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷負Zn + 2OH- -2e-====Zn(OH)2

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷2H2O + 2MnO2 +2e- ====2MnO(OH)+2OH-

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷U锟斤拷電池ｏ拷锟斤拷電和凤拷電诧拷锟角匡拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷電ｏ拷锟経锟斤拷電池的兩極锟斤拷Pb锟斤拷PbO2锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷電斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷液锟斤拷H2SO4,

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷電池凤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷:

锟斤拷锟斤拷Pb+PbO2+2H2SO4=2PbSO4+2H2O 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷電ｏ拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷負锟絆Pb锟斤拷Pb锟斤拷SO42锟斤拷锟斤拷2e锟斤拷锟斤拷 PbSO4

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絆锟斤拷PbO2锟斤拷4H锟斤拷锟斤拷SO42锟斤拷锟斤拷2e锟斤拷锟斤拷PbSO4锟斤拷2H2O

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷電ｏ拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷陰極锟斤拷PbSO4+2e锟斤拷=Pb锟斤拷SO42锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷陽極锟斤拷PbSO4锟斤拷2H2O-2e锟斤拷锟斤拷PbO2锟斤拷4H锟斤拷锟斤拷SO42锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷153锟斤拷木炭锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷啥锟斤拷锟斤拷锟教硷拷锟紺+2H2SO4(锟斤拷)=CO2↑+2SO2↑+2H2O锟斤拷C+4HNO3(锟斤拷)=CO2(锟斤拷锟絯)+4NO2(锟斤拷锟絯)+2H2O锟斤拷锟絣锟斤拷锟角加熱）

锟斤拷锟斤拷154锟斤拷原電池猴拷電斤拷鼐C锟较碉拷锟絵锟斤拷思锟絊锟斤拷锟捷ｏ拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷}也锟角匡拷锟斤拷锟教栵拷戏锟斤拷锟绞撅拷锟诫姙锟皆�電池ｏ拷锟铰凤拷锟斤拷示锟斤拷锟诫娊锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷注锟斤拷锟叫時锟斤拷锟絵锟较凤拷锟斤拷示電斤拷锟斤拷路锟斤拷锟绞驹�電池★拷锟斤拷锟絁锟斤拷锟絰锟絵锟斤拷07锟竭匡拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷155锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟饺诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟侥氾拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟接碉拷锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷蛪A锟斤拷全锟叫和的產(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷水锟斤拷液锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷Na2CO3锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟紷锟紸锟皆ｏ拷(NH4)2SO4锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟紷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷電伙拷锟絎锟斤拷試也锟矫碉拷锟絕锟紷锟斤拷知锟絉锟絚锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷156锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絅锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絎平锟解常锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷):锟斤拷前锟斤拷鋪墊锟斤拷锟絝锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟饺冿拷之锟絜锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟饺冿拷之锟絜锟侥憋拷值锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷電斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟絖锟斤拷平锟斤拷r锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴的革拷锟絅锟絰锟接濓拷鹊某朔e锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟斤拷未锟斤拷x锟侥凤拷锟接濓拷鹊谋锟斤拷锟揭伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟絰锟接積锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟截讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟接濓拷锟斤拷c锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟接濓拷瘸朔e锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟杰度積锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟絣锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟統锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷飽猴拷锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节筹拷锟斤拷锟杰斤拷平锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷平锟解常锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟酵斤拷锟斤拷锟杰度積锟斤拷只锟斤拷電斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟接乘積锟斤拷锟酵匡拷锟皆ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷2锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟斤拷锟斤拷記锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷平锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节诧拷锟矫达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷太锟斤拷锟阶碉拷話锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟铰教材ｏ拷锟斤拷锟较撅拷锟絚锟截讹拷锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷157锟斤拷锟斤拷試锟斤拷锟絚:稀锟侥筹拷N锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟接的濓拷榷锟斤拷p锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷稀锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭猴拷r锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟接濓拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷稀釋堿锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟絩锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟接濓拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷158锟斤拷越稀越锟斤拷x锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷159锟斤拷c(H+)·c(OH-)=K(W),锟斤拷锟斤拷K(W)锟絈锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟絰锟接積锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷),锟斤拷锟絈水锟斤拷锟絰锟接積;c(H+)锟斤拷c(OH-)锟角分別锟斤拷指锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟叫氾拷锟絰锟接和氾拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟接的匡拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷取锟�

锟斤拷锟斤拷160锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紸锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟斤拷}锟斤拷锟組水锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絑水锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟斤拷x锟侥氾拷锟絰锟接伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷谴锟斤拷M水锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷161锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟接濓拷却锟斤拷跉锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟接濓拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭猴拷谋锟揭�锟絣锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷PH锟叫旓拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷前锟斤拷l锟斤拷锟斤拷25锟絲锟较讹拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷162锟斤拷锟斤拷越锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟侥堿锟斤拷越锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟教硷拷锟斤拷锟节憋拷锟接达拷锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷記住碳锟结對锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟斤拷c锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷椋禾硷拷锟揭伙拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟接和氾拷锟絰锟接ｏ拷锟斤拷全锟斤拷锟竭匡拷原锟絵锟斤拷知锟絉锟絚锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷163锟斤拷水锟解反锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷微锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟结反锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷原锟斤拷锟酵匡拷锟皆戯拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接涀★拷锟斤拷蚀_锟斤拷锟斤拷锟竭溫讹拷平锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷岱斤拷锟斤拷M锟叫ｏ拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷164锟斤拷锟斤拷全锟絧水锟解：锟斤拷記住锟阶傦拷锟斤拷锟矫碉拷锟斤拷也锟斤拷锟叫旓拷锟斤拷锟接癸拷锟芥問锟絵要锟斤拷锟絔锟侥ｏ拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷Al3 +锟絚HCO3–锟斤拷CO32–锟斤拷HS-锟斤拷S2-锟斤拷ClO-锟斤拷AlO2-锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷Fe3+锟絚HCO3–锟斤拷CO32–锟斤拷ClO-锟斤拷AlO2-锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷Fe2+锟絚AlO2-;

锟斤拷锟斤拷NH4+锟絚SiO32-锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷試锟叫斤拷(j锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絏锟絰锟接猴拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷記住锟絧水锟解，锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟絑取水锟叫的氾拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟絑取水锟叫的氾拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟接ｏ拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷165锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷c锟斤拷锟紷锟角忥拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞斤拷}锟斤拷只锟斤拷x锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟解。

锟斤拷锟斤拷NaHSO4锟斤拷锟斤拷x:NaHSO4=Na+ H+ +SO4锟斤拷2-锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟叫ｏ拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷NaHSO4=Na+HSO4- 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节ｏ拷锟竭匡拷锟絵锟斤拷锟絕锟絰锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷要知锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷c水锟斤拷液锟紷锟斤拷锟皆★拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷166锟斤拷锟絵锟剿�锟斤拷膽锟�(y锟斤拷ng)锟矫ｏ拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷1锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟饺伙拷锟紽锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷锟街顾�锟解（锟斤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷锟斤拷锟结，锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紽锟絰锟接奪取水锟叫的氾拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴氾拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紽锟絲锟絯锟斤拷锟角筹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷直锟斤拷锟杰斤拷锟节濓拷锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷锟劫硷拷水稀锟�锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟�2锟斤拷锟絍锟絣锟斤拷锟斤拷锟饺伙拷锟紷锟斤拷锟饺伙拷锟絶锟斤拷锟饺伙拷锟紽锟斤拷液锟叫產(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷什么锟斤拷锟斤拷@锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟絰锟接ｏ拷锟紽锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟斤拷Z取水锟叫的氾拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟接ｏ拷锟叫氾拷锟絰锟接產(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟紷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟�3锟斤拷锟狡傦拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷F锟絲锟絯锟斤拷锟経水锟叫滴硷拷飽猴拷锟饺伙拷锟紽锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絕锟絤(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷校锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟结反锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟竭溫讹拷平锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷岱达拷锟�(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟組锟叫ｏ拷也锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴氾拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紽锟絲锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟�4锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絓锟斤拷锟斤拷锟饺伙拷锟紽锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟絏锟絰锟接猴拷锟紽锟絰锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴氾拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絏锟絲锟絯锟酵氾拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紽锟絲锟絯锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟�5锟斤拷锟終锟斤拷锟斤拷锟较达拷锟饺ワ拷锟斤拷郏锟斤拷K锟斤拷锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟剿�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟斤拷锟酵氾拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接燂拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟組水锟解，锟紸锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷去锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟�6锟斤拷锟斤拷沫锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絏锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟斤拷c锟斤拷锟絧水锟斤拷膽锟�(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟�7锟斤拷某些锟絔锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷}锟斤拷液锟接燂拷锟斤拷锟缴的產(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤：锟饺伙拷锟紽锟斤拷锟饺伙拷锟絏锟斤拷锟饺伙拷锟絶锟斤拷锟接燂拷锟斤拷锟缴得诧拷锟斤拷原锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟饺伙拷锟紽锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡燂拷锟矫碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紽锟斤拷锟饺伙拷锟絏锟矫碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟饺伙拷锟絶锟矫碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絔锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絏锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟接燂拷玫锟皆�锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟絔锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟杰得碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絏锟酵氾拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷167锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟叫斷：

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟�1锟斤拷锟饺匡拷锟絔锟街解：碳锟斤拷锟斤拷c锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟斤拷}锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴得碉拷碳锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟絵

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟�2锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絔锟斤拷锟斤拷還原锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟接燂拷锟斤拷锟缴侊拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷液锟矫碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷锟结亞锟紽锟矫碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紽锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷3锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷液水锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟統锟絔锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷r锟斤拷一锟斤拷玫锟皆�锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷锟絵锟剿�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟阶揮锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷r锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷玫锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟饺伙拷锟斤拷锟紽锟矫碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紽锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷4锟斤拷锟饺伙拷锟紷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟缴★拷锟狡燂拷锟給锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵锟剿�锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵也锟斤拷锟斤拷讓锟姐寫锟斤拷水锟解方锟斤拷式锟斤拷記住锟斤拷見锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴氾拷锟絰锟接伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絧水锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟接和氾拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴ｏ拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷168锟斤拷PH锟酵烇拷14锟侥忥拷锟结強锟紸锟斤拷锟絯锟絜锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆★拷PH锟酵烇拷14锟侥忥拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷A锟斤拷锟絯锟絜锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟绞堿锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絣锟斤拷锟紷锟絣锟皆ｏ拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷169锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟絜锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷鹊锟揭辉�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭辉�锟斤拷锟紸锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絣锟斤拷锟紷锟絣锟皆ｏ拷锟叫和凤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一元锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭辉�锟斤拷锟紸锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)恰锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴忥拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紸锟絵锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷170锟斤拷锟斤拷锟截時锟斤拷0.1moll-锟侥氾拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟斤拷x锟斤拷锟侥氾拷锟絰锟接和氾拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟接烇拷10-13mol锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷釋ｏ拷0.1moll-锟侥氾拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷液锟叫的氾拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟接濓拷葹锟�0.1moll-锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆氾拷锟絰锟接濓拷葹锟�10-13moll-锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟接濓拷葹锟剿�锟斤拷x锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟斤拷x锟侥氾拷锟絰锟接和氾拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟接濓拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷171锟斤拷PH=11锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟斤拷x锟侥氾拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷10-3moll-

锟斤拷锟斤拷172锟斤拷PH=4锟斤拷锟饺伙拷锟紷锟斤拷液锟叫ｏ拷锟斤拷水锟斤拷x锟侥氾拷锟絰锟接濓拷葹锟�10-4moll-

锟斤拷锟斤拷173锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絕锟絰锟接濓拷却锟叫★拷锟斤拷r锟斤拷記住電猴拷锟截猴拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟截猴拷锟斤拷|(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟截恒。锟叫硷拷锟斤拷x锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷同锟斤拷式锟斤拷锟斤拷锟诫到锟斤拷同锟截猴拷式锟接ｏ拷锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷電猴拷锟截恒：c(Na+)+c(H+)=2c(CO3^2-)+c(HCO3^-)+c(OH-)锟斤拷锟斤拷試注锟解考锟絚锟节ｏ拷碳锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷蓚锟诫姾锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷系锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷2锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷c锟斤拷童鞋锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟斤拷锟絵锟絰锟斤拷械锟绞斤拷蓚锟�(c锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷電荷碉拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷要锟诫到電猴拷锟截恒）锟斤拷锟斤拷锟截恒：c(Na+)锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷2锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷x水锟斤拷锟教硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絅锟斤拷式锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷c(Na+)=2[c(CO32-)+c(HCO3-)+c(H2CO3)]

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆囷拷锟斤拷c锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷2锟斤拷位锟矫凤拷锟斤拷碳元锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷還锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷l(f锟斤拷)锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟絰锟斤拷屑锟斤拷锟诫姾锟斤拷锟斤拷蟹锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟诫到锟斤拷锟斤拷锟截恒）锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟截恒：锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟截猴拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟诫姾锟斤拷睾锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟截猴拷蓚锟绞斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷p锟斤拷锟矫碉拷锟斤拷電猴拷锟截猴拷-锟斤拷锟斤拷锟截猴拷=锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟截恒）锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵锟絩锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷電荷猴拷锟斤拷锟较兩傦拷式锟斤拷锟狡筹拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟截猴拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟截猴拷o锟斤拷锟斤拷直锟絕锟侥的革拷锟絏锟斤拷锟角匡拷锟狡诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟戒實锟角岋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷@锟接碉拷锟絰項時锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟诫到锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟截猴拷锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟揭傦拷锟绞確锟斤拷锟斤拷電荷猴拷锟斤拷锟较ｏ拷锟狡筹拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟截恒）锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟斤拷x锟斤拷锟斤拷c(H+)=c(OH-)锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟絚水锟斤拷液锟斤拷水锟斤拷x锟斤拷锟侥氾拷锟絰锟斤拷锟皆ｏ拷H+锟斤拷HCO3-,H2CO3锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絅锟斤拷式锟斤拷锟节ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷1mol碳锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�2mol水锟斤拷x锟斤拷锟侥氾拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷c(OH-)=c(H+)+c(HCO3-)+2c(H2CO3)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷174锟斤拷锟絰锟接濓拷缺锟斤拷^锟斤拷1锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟斤拷A锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟界：锟津化氫，锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟介：锟斤拷锟絰锟接猴拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟接曪拷锟絕锟絤(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷x锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟接猴拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆碉拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟接濓拷却锟叫★拷P(gu锟斤拷n)系锟介：锟斤拷锟絰锟接达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟接达拷锟节达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟接达拷锟节氾拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟接ｏ拷2锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷液碳锟斤拷锟斤拷c锟斤拷液锟叫ｏ拷Na+ >HCO3->OH->H+ 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节氾拷锟絰锟接猴拷碳锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟接达拷小锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷锟叫诧拷锟芥及锟斤拷同锟絩注锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟接岋拷該锟絰锟接碉拷影響ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷^锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷同锟侥革拷锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷锟絰锟接濓拷鹊拇锟叫★拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟饺伙拷锟紷锟斤拷锟节达拷锟斤拷锟絚锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟絔锟角凤拷l(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟絖锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷|(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟侥濓拷龋锟斤拷倏锟斤拷]锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷175锟斤拷锟结化锟絎锟斤拷锟斤拷式一锟姐不锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟絣锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷注锟斤拷锟絚燃锟斤拷锟竭伙拷锟斤拷锟饺凤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟絣锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟截橈拷注锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟侥凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟铰硷拷锟絕锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷176锟斤拷注锟斤拷漏锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟侥狅拷B(t锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟斤拷負號锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷計锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟角曪拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷锟阶筹拷锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟絜锟絗锟侥★拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷177锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟接嬶拷悖猴拷锟紿 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤總锟斤拷锟斤拷-锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷目锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紿 锟斤拷E1(锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷I锟杰匡拷锟斤拷)-E2(锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷I锟杰匡拷锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷2011锟截慶锟竭匡拷锟斤拷SF6锟斤拷一锟絅锟斤拷(y锟斤拷u)锟斤拷锟侥絕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)锟斤拷只锟斤拷锟斤拷S—F锟絀锟斤拷锟斤拷知1mol S(s)锟紻(zhu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紹(t锟斤拷i)锟斤拷原锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷280kJ锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷1mol F—F锟斤拷S—F锟絀锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟秸碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街別锟斤拷160 kJ锟斤拷330kJ锟斤拷锟絫S(s) + 3F2(g) = SF6(g)锟侥凤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟紿锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷A锟斤拷—1780kJ/mol B锟斤拷—1220kJ/molC锟斤拷—450kJ/mol D锟斤拷+430kJ/mo锟斤拷H=锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷I锟斤拷锟秸的匡拷锟斤拷锟斤拷-锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷I釋放的匡拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷=锟斤拷280+160×3-330×6锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷kj/mol

锟斤拷锟斤拷=-1220KJ/mol

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷2010全锟斤拷锟絥锟剿高匡拷锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷知锟斤拷HCN(aq)锟絚NaOH(aq)锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟侥★拷H = -12.1kJ /mol锟斤拷HCl(aq)锟絚NaOH(aq)锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟侥★拷H =-55.6kJ/ mol锟斤拷锟絫HCN锟斤拷水锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟侥★拷H锟斤拷锟节ｏ拷 C 锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷A锟斤拷-67.7 kJ /mol B锟斤拷-43.5kJ /mol C锟斤拷+43.5 kJ/mol D锟斤拷+67.7 kJ/ mol

锟斤拷锟斤拷178锟斤拷锟紻(zhu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷=锟斤拷(變锟斤拷锟斤拷)/锟斤拷始锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷179锟斤拷PH锟斤拷同锟侥�锟紺H3COONa锟斤拷NaHCO3锟斤拷NaClO锟斤拷锟絅锟斤拷液锟斤拷c(Na+):锟斤拷>锟斤拷>锟桔ｏ拷锟斤拷锟絖锟斤拷2014全锟斤拷锟絥锟剿讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭傦拷知锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆达拷锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟斤拷诖锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷越锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟侥堿锟斤拷越锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷PH值锟斤拷同锟斤拷锟绞达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟叫★拷锟教硷拷锟斤拷c小锟节达拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷1.锟斤拷2锟斤拷3.锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷锟斤拷(j锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷180锟斤拷锟斤拷模锟組锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷25 锟斤拷锟斤拷某锟斤拷鹊锟斤拷}锟结、锟饺伙拷锟紷锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟斤拷x锟斤拷锟侥氾拷锟絰锟接濓拷确謩e锟斤拷1.0×10锟斤拷a mol·L锟斤拷1锟斤拷1.0×10锟斤拷b mol·L锟斤拷1锟斤拷锟紷锟缴種锟斤拷液锟斤拷pH之锟酵烇拷(A)

锟斤拷锟斤拷A锟斤拷14锟斤拷a锟斤拷b B锟斤拷14锟斤拷a锟斤拷b

锟斤拷锟斤拷C锟斤拷14锟斤拷a锟斤拷b D锟斤拷14锟斤拷a锟斤拷b

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟斤拷x锟侥氾拷锟絰锟接濓拷鹊锟斤拷跉锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷通锟絕锟斤拷锟接積锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭猴拷袣锟斤拷x锟接濓拷葹锟�1*1014+a mol·L锟斤拷1锟斤拷锟饺伙拷锟紷锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟斤拷x锟侥氾拷锟絰锟接濓拷染锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭猴拷械臍锟斤拷x锟接濓拷葹锟�1.0×10锟斤拷b mol·L锟斤拷1锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆和烇拷14-a+b锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷181锟斤拷Ksp锟侥旓拷(sh锟斤拷)值越锟斤拷锟斤拷電斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷水锟叫碉拷锟杰斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷越锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷182锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷只锟斤拷锟饺伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷183锟斤拷锟斤拷炔锟斤拷锟斤拷烯锟斤拷锟斤拷使锟斤拷锟皆革拷锟絠锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴�锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷184锟斤拷锟絚燃锟斤拷锟杰夛拷锟絙锟絜锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟较�锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷185锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷c锟斤拷水锟斤拷液取锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟斤拷去锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷186锟斤拷锟絲锟斤拷u锟斤拷锟絅锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫碉拷锟絬锟斤拷原锟接ｏ拷锟斤拷1锟斤拷取锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絬锟斤拷锟絅锟斤拷2锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷c锟斤拷液锟斤拷3锟斤拷锟接燂拷锟斤拷谢锟剿�浴锟接熱（4锟斤拷锟斤拷s锟斤拷5锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷稀锟斤拷锟斤拷锟结化锟斤拷6锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟統锟斤拷锟饺伙拷锟統锟斤拷色锟藉化锟統锟絓锟絊色锟解化锟統锟絊色锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷187锟斤拷锟接ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絬锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟絟(hu锟斤拷n)直锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紹锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷188锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟姐醇锟斤拷锟节诧拷同類別锟叫機锟斤，锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷同系锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷189锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟阶傦拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟�1锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷燃锟斤拷掖锟�锟斤拷锟劫加濓拷锟斤拷锟结（锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡�锟皆凤拷锟斤拷锟叫ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟结（锟斤拷锟斤拷锟结）锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷2锟斤拷锟斤拷锟芥反锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟�3锟斤拷锟絃锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟矫ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟�4锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷懿锟揭�锟届到Na2CO3锟斤拷液锟斤拷去锟斤拷锟斤拷止锟斤拷锟节加熱不锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絅a2CO3锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷訜岱达拷锟�(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟皆囷拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷5锟斤拷飽猴拷Na2CO3锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角ｏ拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷(1)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭达拷锟斤拷2锟斤拷锟叫猴拷锟斤拷锟结（3锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟杰斤拷龋锟教硷拷锟斤拷c锟斤拷锟杰斤拷却锟斤拷锟教硷拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆诧拷锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟斤拷c锟斤拷锟斤拷6锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟矫ｏ拷锟竭伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷190锟斤拷锟統锟絉锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷要锟斤拷水浴锟接燂拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷191锟斤拷锟叫機锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷锟絵注锟斤拷锟斤拷項ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)式锟斤拷锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)锟斤拷式锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷192锟斤拷通锟斤拷锟叫幾種锟斤拷原锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫幾組锟斤拷同锟斤拷锟斤拷锟秸凤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷193锟斤拷锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟矫碉拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟饺诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟铰硷拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟杰勶拷锟組锟斤拷锟杰斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟劫結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷锟絕锟教稱锟斤拷锟截結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷194锟斤拷锟叫機锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟杰團锟斤拷醛锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絲锟皆囷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷y锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡氾拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟揭濓拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷試锟杰壁革拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟統锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷F(xi锟斤拷n)锟絬锟絫色锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿兩碉拷锟叫機锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷見锟缴达拷锟紷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷臏蚀_哦锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷195锟斤拷锟絝一锟絝锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷锟缴ｏ拷锟酵傦拷锟剿讹拷锟皆ｏ拷锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟組锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角幾猴拷每锟轿猴拷锟劫得碉拷锟組锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷平锟絩锟斤拷锟接栵拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟矫分的絕锟斤拷锟紾锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节达拷锟斤拷}锟絩锟斤拷锟絁锟絁锟斤拷锟斤拷汛鸢笇锟斤拷诰锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷然锟斤拷锟秸答案ｏ拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟节勶拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絈锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絊只锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷跁锟斤拷锟斤拷^锟斤拷锟叫ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷G锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷記锟剿氾拷锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷號锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷式锟姐寫锟侥結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)锟斤拷式锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絎锟斤拷锟絈锟姐寫锟侥伙拷锟絎式锟斤拷電斤拷锟诫姌O锟斤拷锟疥枠O锟給锟斤拷負锟絆锟斤拷锟皆�锟斤拷原電池诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷負锟絆锟饺等ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷注锟斤拷平锟絩訓锟斤拷锟斤拷每锟轿帮拷锟秸高匡拷锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟杰得碉拷锟阶凤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷前锟阶傦拷小锟絵锟絁锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟矫滿锟街ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷計锟斤拷暮透锟斤拷锟斤拷s锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭伙拷鄄锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟揭傦拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絕去锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫時锟絞锟节回侊拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷]锟絩锟絞锟斤拷锟揭傦拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷艞锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵一锟斤拷锟侥分讹拷锟矫碉拷锟剿ｏ拷锟轿必糾锟結(ji锟斤拷)一锟斤拷锟秸伙拷锟竭兩傦拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷平锟絩讓锟絎锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絩锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟絚锟斤拷锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟侥★拷锟节讹拷锟斤拷锟洁背锟洁總锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷z锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷锟接碉拷锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絵話锟絞(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界：锟窖岋拷锟杰凤拷锟斤拷盛锟斤拷水锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷微锟斤拷锟狡匡拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟杰匡拷锟叫氾拷锟斤拷冒锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷去锟狡撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟截岋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟轿筹拷一锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絝锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟矫ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角檢锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆讹拷锟紷么锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角大部凤拷锟斤拷r锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭傦拷要記住微锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷些锟斤拷锟絵要全锟斤拷锟絚锟绞確锟斤拷還锟叫勶拷锟斤拷锟絝锟斤拷锟統锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷196锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絬锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絬锟斤拷锟斤拷锟饺伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絞锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫單�锟絏锟斤拷CL.Br.锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟絚锟斤拷锟絬锟斤拷锟斤拷锟饺伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟絚锟絚锟斤拷锟絬锟斤拷锟斤拷锟饺伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟斤拷c锟絚锟饺伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷197锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絬锟斤拷锟斤拷味锟侥氾拷锟絯锟津化氾拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷198锟斤拷锟紹锟絤(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟給锟紺锟狡旓拷突锟狡匡拷锟斤拷——锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷——锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟结）锟斤拷锟斤拷———锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷—锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟结）锟斤拷锟斤拷——一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷——锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟结）锟絚——锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚——锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷碳——一锟斤拷锟斤拷碳——锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷水碳锟结）锟津化氾拷——锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷——锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟结）

锟斤拷锟斤拷2H2S+3O2=锟絚燃=2H2O+2SO2锟斤拷O2锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷2H2S+O2=锟絚燃=2H2O+2S锟斤拷O2锟斤拷锟姐）锟津化侊拷锟紽——锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷——锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟结）锟斤拷試锟叫時锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接涳拷蚧瘹锟斤拷@锟絅锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷锟紹锟絤(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷199锟斤拷锟紷色锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟饺伙拷锟紽锟斤拷液锟紷锟斤拷色锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷|(zh锟斤拷)锟紷锟絳色锟斤拷某些锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷锟絊色锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫機锟斤拷锟斤拷@色锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)

锟斤拷锟斤拷200锟斤拷锟絕(q锟斤拷)锟街聚合讹拷锟斤拷鏈癸拷(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟酵嗭拷锟絯锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷201锟斤拷锟絙锟絜锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟酵碉拷锟斤拷锟絲锟絯锟斤拷锟筋簡锟斤拷姆锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�( C )

锟斤拷锟斤拷A.锟接� B.锟紹锟斤拷 C.锟斤拷锟絖锟斤拷锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷 D.锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絓锟接碉拷锟斤拷锟絲锟絯锟斤拷锟竭傦拷锟接撅拷F(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷202锟斤拷一锟斤拷取锟斤拷锟斤拷藥品锟斤拷锟斤拷锟劫放伙拷原锟斤拷試锟斤拷瓶锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷剩锟铰碉拷锟絚锟斤拷鉀戯拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟脚伙拷原試锟斤拷瓶锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷203锟斤拷锟斤拷锟阶戯拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟叫割。

锟斤拷锟斤拷204锟斤拷锟統锟斤拷液PH锟絩锟斤拷PH試锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟饺濓拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷@锟洁當锟节岋拷原锟斤拷液稀锟�锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷209锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷2Ba(OH)2+KAl(SO4)2==2BaSO4↓+KAlO2+2H2O

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟接凤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷2Ba2+ +4OH- +Al3++2SO42-===2BaSO4↓+AlO2- +2H2O锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷3Ba(OH)2+2KAL(SO4)2=2AL(OH)3↓+3BaSO4↓+K2SO4

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟接凤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷3Ba2+ +6OH- +2Al3++3SO42-===2Al(OH)3↓+3BaSO4↓

锟斤拷锟斤拷210锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷100ml3mol/L锟斤拷NAOH锟斤拷液锟斤拷通锟斤拷藴薁锟絩锟斤拷锟斤拷锟津化氾拷锟斤拷w4.48L锟斤拷锟斤拷址锟斤拷锟�(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷玫锟斤拷锟�(w锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟襟反戯拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟叫碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷姆N類硷拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷n(H2S)=4.48/22.4=0.2mol n(NaOH)=3*0.1=0.3mol

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絖始锟絩锟斤拷H2S+NaOH==2NaHS+H2O

锟斤拷锟斤拷0.2mol H2S锟絚0.2mol NaOH锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷還剩锟斤拷0.1mol NaOH然锟斤拷锟角ｏ拷NaHS+NaOH==Na2S+H2O

锟斤拷锟斤拷0.1mol NaOH锟絚0.1mol NaHS锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷0.1mol Na2S锟斤拷還剩锟斤拷0.1mol NaHS 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷姆N锟斤拷锟�0.1mol Na2S锟斤拷0.1molNaHS

锟斤拷锟斤拷c(Na2S)=0.1/0.1=1mol/L c(NaHS)=0.1/0.1=1mol/L

锟斤拷锟斤拷211锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟酵�锟絯锟絜锟斤拷同锟斤拷锟斤拷痛锟斤拷锟斤拷c锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟街�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷+锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�=2*锟絚锟絰锟斤拷锟紷锟絅锟斤拷锟斤拷锟截恒。锟斤拷锟紷锟絅锟斤拷r還锟斤拷锟皆很讹拷锟斤拷r锟給锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絖锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆猴拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷锟絅锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)系锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟絁锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟絗锟侥ｏ拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷211锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟酵�锟絯锟絜锟斤拷同锟斤拷锟斤拷痛锟斤拷锟斤拷c锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟街�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷+锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�=2*锟絚锟絰锟斤拷锟紷锟絅锟斤拷锟斤拷锟截恒。锟斤拷锟紷锟絅锟斤拷r還锟斤拷锟皆很讹拷锟斤拷r锟給锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絖锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆猴拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷锟絅锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)系锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟絁锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟絗锟侥ｏ拷锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷96锟斤拷呖锟斤拷}锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟侥濓拷染锟斤拷锟�0.01 mol / L锟斤拷CH3COOH锟斤拷CH3COONa锟侥伙拷锟揭猴拷锟�锟斤拷锟統锟斤拷c(CH3COO锟斤拷)锟斤拷c(Na+)锟斤拷锟絫锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)系式锟斤拷锟絖锟斤拷锟角ｏ拷AD锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷A. c(H+)锟斤拷c(OH锟斤拷} B. c(H+)锟斤拷c(OH锟斤拷)

锟斤拷锟斤拷C. c(CH3COOH)锟斤拷c(CH3COO锟斤拷) D.c(CH3COOH)锟斤拷c(CH3COO锟斤拷)锟斤拷0.02 mol /L锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷電猴拷锟截猴拷锟斤拷锟斤拷電猴拷锟截猴拷锟街猚锟斤拷OH-锟斤拷+c锟斤拷CH3COO-锟斤拷=c锟斤拷H+锟斤拷+c锟斤拷Na+锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷知锟絣锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷CH3COO-锟斤拷锟斤拷c锟斤拷Na+锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絫c锟斤拷OH-锟斤拷锟斤拷c锟斤拷H+锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷A锟斤拷锟絖锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷B锟斤拷锟斤拷A锟侥凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷知锟斤拷c锟斤拷OH-锟斤拷锟斤拷c锟斤拷H+锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷B锟絜锟絗锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷C锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟教度达拷锟节达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟接碉拷水锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絫c锟斤拷CH3COOH锟斤拷锟斤拷c锟斤拷CH3COO-锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷C锟絜锟絗锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷D锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷染锟斤拷锟�0.01mol/L锟斤拷CH3COOH锟斤拷CH3COONa锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟截猴拷锟街�锟斤拷c锟斤拷CH3COOH锟斤拷+c锟斤拷CH3COO-锟斤拷=0.02mol/L锟斤拷锟斤拷D锟斤拷锟絖锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷212锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟絜锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷鹊拇锟斤拷锟酵达拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟教度达拷锟节达拷锟斤拷锟剿�锟斤拷某潭锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷213锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟絜锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷鹊锟斤拷然锟斤拷@锟酵帮拷水锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭猴拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟绞堿锟皆★拷锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟叫濓拷染锟斤拷锟�0.1mol/L锟斤拷锟絅锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷CH3COOH锟斤拷锟斤拷NaOH锟斤拷锟斤拷CH3COONa锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絝锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絖锟斤拷锟角ｏ拷C锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷A锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟叫ｏ拷c(CH3COO-)锟斤拷c(H+)

锟斤拷锟斤拷B锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节碉拷锟絯锟絜锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭猴拷锟絚(CH3COO-)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟叫碉拷c(CH3COO- )

锟斤拷锟斤拷C锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟劫★拷锟节碉拷锟絯锟絜锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭猴拷锟絚(CH3COO-)锟斤拷c(CH3COOH)锟斤拷c(Na+)

锟斤拷锟斤拷D锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷锟桔碉拷锟絯锟絜锟斤拷希锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟斤拷c(Na+)锟斤拷c(CH3COO-)锟斤拷c(H+)锟斤拷c(OH-)

锟斤拷锟斤拷試锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷A锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷電斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷電猴拷锟截猴拷锟絚锟斤拷H+锟斤拷=c锟斤拷OH-锟斤拷+c锟斤拷CH3COO-锟斤拷锟斤拷A锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絖锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷B锟斤拷锟劫和②碉拷锟絯锟絜锟斤拷蠒r锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷恰锟矫凤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟缴达拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫达拷锟斤拷锟絚锟侥濓拷锟斤拷锟�0.1mol/L÷2锟斤拷0.05mol/L锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫达拷锟斤拷锟絚锟侥濓拷锟斤拷锟�0.1mol/L锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆伙拷锟揭猴拷锟絚(CH3COO-)小锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟叫碉拷c(CH3COO-)锟斤拷锟斤拷B锟絜锟絗锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷C锟斤拷锟劫和②碉拷锟絯锟絜锟斤拷蠒r锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷睾锟�锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷D锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷鹊拇锟斤拷锟酵达拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟教度达拷锟节达拷锟斤拷锟剿�锟斤拷潭锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟铰伙拷锟斤拷锟揭猴拷锟斤拷锟斤拷裕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷H+锟斤拷锟斤拷c锟斤拷OH-锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟叫达拷锟斤拷電猴拷锟截猴拷c锟斤拷Na+锟斤拷+c锟斤拷H+锟斤拷=c锟斤拷OH-锟斤拷+c锟斤拷CH3COO-锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆碉拷c锟斤拷CH3COO-锟斤拷锟斤拷c锟斤拷Na+锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷D锟絜锟絗锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰C锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷214锟斤拷0.2mol/L锟侥达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟絚0.1mol/L锟侥氾拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟絯锟絜锟斤拷虾锟�

锟斤拷锟斤拷2c(H+)- 2c(oh-)=c(ch3coo-)- c(ch3cooh)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絖锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷2c(Na+)=c(ch3cooh)+c(ch3coo-)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟截猴拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷c(Na+)+c(H+)=c(ch3coo-)+c(oh-)锟斤拷電猴拷锟截猴拷锟斤拷锟铰�(li锟斤拷n)锟较ｏ拷c(ch3coo-)+2c(oh-)=c(ch3cooh)+2c(H+)锟斤拷锟斤拷贸锟斤拷锟斤拷_锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷悉電猴拷锟截恒、锟斤拷锟斤拷锟截猴拷锟斤拷|(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟截恒）

锟斤拷锟斤拷216锟斤拷锟斤拷0.02mol/L CH3COOH锟斤拷液锟斤拷0.01mol/L NaOH锟斤拷液锟皆碉拷锟絯锟絜锟斤拷锟�,锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭猴拷锟斤拷锟斤拷訚锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)系锟斤拷锟絖锟侥ｏ拷AD 锟斤拷 (锟角筹拷锟斤拷要锟侥高匡拷锟絵)

锟斤拷锟斤拷A锟斤拷C(CH3COO-)锟斤拷C(Na+)

锟斤拷锟斤拷B:C(CH3COOH)锟斤拷C(CH3COO-)

锟斤拷锟斤拷C:2C(H+)=C(CH3COO-)-C(CH3COOH)

锟斤拷锟斤拷D:C(CH3COOH)+C(CH3COO-)=0.02mol/L

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟竭伙拷习l(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭猴拷锟�0.01mol/lCH3COONa锟斤拷0.1mol/lCH3COOH,锟斤拷锟斤拷(j锟斤拷)锟揭傦拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街�锟絉锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷,水锟斤拷锟揭�,锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟接濓拷却锟斤拷跉锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(j锟斤拷)電猴拷锟截猴拷锟斤拷A锟斤拷锟絖,.D锟斤拷锟斤拷锟截猴拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷217锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷只锟斤拷锟饺伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷218锟斤拷锟狡傦拷锟饺氾拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟饺伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷w锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絪锟斤拷飽猴拷食锟絵水锟斤拷然锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷220锟斤拷锟饺仿ｏ拷锟斤拷锟饺硷拷锟介。

锟斤拷锟斤拷221锟斤拷锟斤拷烯锟斤拷锟角猴拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷石锟酵伙拷锟斤拷锟絣(f锟斤拷)展水平锟侥橈拷志锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷222锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节空氾拷锟叫凤拷锟斤拷一锟轿時锟絞锟斤拷锟紷锟桔紅色锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷223锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟饺伙拷锟紽锟紷锟斤拷色锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷224锟斤拷锟斤拷去锟斤拷锟叫伙拷锟叫的憋拷锟接ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷c锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞庯拷锟斤拷液锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷225锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚碳锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟斤拷c锟酵憋拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷226锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷只锟斤拷锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟斤拷c锟酵憋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷227锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟藉苯锟接帮拷色锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟藉化锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷228锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚液锟藉反锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷229锟斤拷水浴锟接熱：锟斤拷锟斤拷锟芥及锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷要水浴锟接燂拷膶锟津灒�

锟斤拷锟斤拷1锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷50-60锟絲锟较讹拷水浴

锟斤拷锟斤拷2锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫碉拷锟統锟絉锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷水浴

锟斤拷锟斤拷3锟斤拷锟斤拷醛锟斤拷脂锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿�锟�锟斤拷锟�100锟絲锟较度ｏ拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷4锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟解：70-80锟絲锟较讹拷水浴

锟斤拷锟斤拷5锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角碉拷水锟解：锟斤拷水浴

锟斤拷锟斤拷6锟斤拷锟絯锟絊锟截碉拷水锟解：锟斤拷水浴

锟斤拷锟斤拷7锟斤拷锟杰斤拷鹊臏y锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷230锟斤拷锟斤拷1锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫岋拷锟斤拷校锟斤拷锟揭�锟斤拷水浴锟接燂拷锟斤拷牵锟�2锟斤拷6锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷號锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷Cu锟斤拷OH锟斤拷2锟絚锟斤拷醛锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟統锟絉锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷烯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷掖锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟解．

锟斤拷锟斤拷231锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絠锟斤拷锟斤拷趶锟斤拷锟斤拷詶l锟斤拷锟铰憋拷還原锟斤拷锟絠锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫度堿锟皆時锟矫碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絠锟斤拷锟节忥拷锟紸锟皆時锟矫碉拷锟絠锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷i锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟斤拷MnO42-锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷r锟铰ｏ拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷232锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷N只锟斤拷C,H锟斤拷元锟截組锟缴ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟藉化锟斤拷锟斤拷t锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷元锟斤拷之锟斤拷锟斤拷還锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷元锟截ｏ拷锟界：S锟斤拷O锟斤拷N锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷2014锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫機锟竭匡拷锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷233锟斤拷植锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷脂锟斤拷锟斤拷母锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿�锟斤拷玫锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷脂锟斤拷锟结。锟斤拷2011锟絍锟絴锟竭匡拷知锟絉锟絚锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷234锟斤拷锟叫機锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)——锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)——锟斤拷锟杰團锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷234锟斤拷锟叫機锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)——锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)——锟斤拷锟杰團锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷235锟斤拷锟斤拷醛锟斤拷锟揭达拷锟斤拷锟杰憋拷锟斤拷锟皆革拷锟絠锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟绞讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷色锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷235锟斤拷锟斤拷醛锟斤拷锟揭达拷锟斤拷锟杰憋拷锟斤拷锟皆革拷锟絠锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷幔�锟绞讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷色锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷236锟斤拷锟絪锟桔凤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟絪锟斤拷锟斤拷Y(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)式要锟斤拷锟斤拷號锟斤拷锟�(c锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷鏈癸拷(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟铰的端伙拷原锟接伙拷原锟接團锟斤拷锟紷锟絚锟接撅拷锟斤不同锟斤拷锟接撅拷锟斤拷嘶锟斤拷锟斤拷_锟斤拷锟斤拷通锟斤拷锟斤拷—锟斤拷示锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷237锟斤拷锟絪锟桔凤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟絅锟斤拷锟絯锟絪锟桔時锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷小锟斤拷锟接碉拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷n-1锟斤拷一锟斤拷指水锟斤拷锟缴兩種锟斤拷锟絯锟絪锟桔時锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷小锟斤拷锟接碉拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟介（2n-1锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷238锟斤拷順凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)锟斤拷一锟絅锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絧锟絀锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紻(zhu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷模锟揭伙拷锟街赶╋拷N锟斤拷锟絧锟絀锟绞斤拷锟斤拷锟�(g锟斤拷u)锟絯锟斤拷锟缴傦拷锟斤拷同原锟接伙拷锟斤拷F锟斤拷锟絧锟絀同一锟斤拷(c锟斤拷)锟侥烇拷锟绞斤拷锟斤拷锟�(g锟斤拷u)锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)锟絯锟斤拷锟缴傦拷锟斤拷同原锟接伙拷锟斤拷F锟街別锟斤拷锟絧锟絀锟缴傦拷(c锟斤拷)锟侥為反式锟斤拷锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)锟絯锟斤拷順凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)锟絯锟絘(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟侥條锟斤拷锟斤拷锟脚凤拷锟接诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紻(zhu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷t锟斤拷變锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟絅锟斤拷锟接ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絧锟絀锟斤拷同一碳锟较诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷同锟侥伙拷锟紽锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷239锟斤拷锟斤拷锟饺伙拷碳锟斤拷锟斤拷途锟斤拷锟斤拷取锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷袡C锟杰勶拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷240锟斤拷锟叫機锟斤拷锟杰團锟斤拷锟斤拷锟诫：锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絬锟斤拷锟斤拷1锟斤拷锟斤拷烯锟斤拷水锟接筹拷2锟斤拷醛锟斤拷酮锟接氾拷3锟斤拷锟絬锟斤拷锟絅水锟斤拷4锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿�锟解（稀锟斤拷锟斤拷臈l锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷241锟斤拷锟絬锟截碉拷锟斤拷锟诫：

锟斤拷锟斤拷1锟斤拷锟絅锟絚锟絬锟截的凤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷2锟斤拷锟斤拷飽和烴锟絚锟絬锟截嗭拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絬锟截氫化锟斤拷3锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟絬锟截氫化锟斤拷取锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷242锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷去锟斤拷锟絬锟斤拷锟絅锟斤拷锟斤拷去锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷碳碳锟絧锟絀锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷243锟斤拷锟揭达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟絧锟絀

锟斤拷锟斤拷239锟斤拷锟揭达拷锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷l(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷取锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节氾拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚水锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷烯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絏锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷锟絅锟斤拷频锟斤拷D(zhu锟斤拷n)锟絈锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)系锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�

锟斤拷锟斤拷240锟斤拷锟阶憋拷锟絚锟饺氾拷取锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟秸條锟斤拷取锟斤拷锟阶伙拷锟较的氾拷原锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紽锟斤拷锟竭伙拷锟斤拷取锟斤拷锟阶憋拷锟较碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷?q锟斤拷)锟轿伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆囷拷?j锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷位還锟角岋拷位锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵锟叫碉拷锟斤拷示锟斤拷息锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷241锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷锟诫蛋锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷锟界蛋锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷變锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷锟截斤拷锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷液锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷242锟斤拷锟斤拷脂锟斤拷锟角高凤拷锟接伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷243锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷醛锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷還原锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷芽锟角撅拷锟斤拷醛锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷244锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟饺氾拷取锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟絊锟紾色锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷u锟斤拷去锟斤拷锟絘(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紽锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷試锟杰冿拷(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟较筹拷锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟酵狅拷液锟轿ｏ拷試锟杰冿拷(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷u锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷M锟斤拷锟斤拷試锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷245锟斤拷锟絪锟桔凤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟杰團锟斤拷锟斤拷1锟斤拷锟斤拷COOH锟絚锟斤拷OH锟斤拷锟絪锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷2锟斤拷锟斤拷COOH锟絚锟斤拷NH2锟斤拷锟絪锟斤拷锟轿筹拷锟斤拷锟絀锟斤拷3锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷醛锟侥縮锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴凤拷醛锟斤拷脂锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷246锟斤拷2009锟侥达拷锟竭匡拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟杰發(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟統锟絉锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷醛锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角诧拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷醛锟斤拷锟斤拷|(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界：锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角★拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷247锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟絩锟斤拷锟斤拷锟较岋拷液锟絯锟斤拷锟较口碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絖锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷248锟斤拷2013锟疥福锟斤拷锟竭匡拷锟絵锟斤拷锟絲锟斤拷@锟斤拷锟絰锟接時锟斤拷锟斤拷試锟斤拷锟叫硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷c锟斤拷液锟斤拷微锟斤拷锟斤拷锟矫濕潤碉拷锟絳色石锟斤拷試锟斤拷锟絲锟斤拷莩锟斤拷臍锟斤拷w锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟絗锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)該锟矫紅色石锟斤拷試锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷釋ｏ拷石锟斤拷試锟斤拷锟叫紅色锟斤拷锟絳色锟缴種锟絫色锟矫侊拷z锟紸锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絳色锟矫侊拷z锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷|(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷石锟斤拷試锟斤拷锟矫侊拷z锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷,锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷遣锟斤拷械臐锟斤拷锟斤拷岣�锟絞石锟斤拷試锟斤拷,使锟斤拷變锟斤拷色锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫忥拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷使锟斤拷變锟截無色锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷249锟斤拷锟藉苯锟杰度憋拷水锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟酵匡拷锟皆區(q锟斤拷)锟街憋拷锟斤拷锟藉苯锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷250锟斤拷锟斤拷2013锟斤拷锟終锟竭匡拷锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟矫筹拷锟侥結(ji锟斤拷)論锟斤拷锟絖锟斤拷锟角ｏ拷D锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷A锟斤拷锟斤拷某锟斤拷液锟叫硷拷锟斤拷稀锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絘(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟侥氾拷锟絯通锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞�锟斤拷水锟斤拷石锟斤拷水變锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷該锟斤拷液一锟斤拷锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷液

锟斤拷锟斤拷B锟斤拷锟斤拷锟終锟絲蘸取锟斤拷锟斤拷某锟斤拷液锟組锟斤拷锟斤拷色锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷S色锟斤拷該锟斤拷液一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟絵锟斤拷液

锟斤拷锟斤拷C锟斤拷锟斤拷某锟斤拷锟絯通锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟缴�锟斤拷去锟斤拷該锟斤拷锟絯一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷烯

锟斤拷锟斤拷D锟斤拷锟斤拷某锟斤拷液锟叫滴硷拷KSCN 锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟斤拷變色锟斤拷锟轿硷拷锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟紷锟絫色锟斤拷該锟斤拷液锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷F(xi锟斤拷n)e2锟斤拷 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷A锟斤拷锟斤拷某锟斤拷液锟叫硷拷锟斤拷稀锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絘(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟侥氾拷锟絯通锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞�锟斤拷水锟斤拷石锟斤拷水變锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷該锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角侊拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷A锟絜锟絗锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷B锟斤拷锟斤拷锟終锟絲蘸取锟斤拷锟斤拷某锟斤拷液锟組锟斤拷锟斤拷色锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷S色锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷}也锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角氾拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟皆�锟截碉拷锟斤拷色锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷鈷诧拷锟斤拷也锟斤拷锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絊色锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷該锟斤拷液锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟絵锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷B锟絜锟絗锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷C锟斤拷锟斤拷某锟斤拷锟絯通锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟缴�锟斤拷去锟斤拷通锟斤拷臍锟斤拷w只要锟斤拷還原锟皆氾拷锟絯锟斤拷锟杰發(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟接成碉拷锟叫機锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷使锟斤拷水锟斤拷色锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷蚧瘹锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷烯锟斤拷锟斤拷該锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷烯锟斤拷锟斤拷C锟絜锟絗锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷D锟斤拷锟斤拷某锟斤拷液锟叫滴硷拷KSCN 锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟斤拷變色锟斤拷锟絝锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紽锟絰锟接ｏ拷锟轿硷拷锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟紷锟絫色锟斤拷锟饺氾拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紽锟絰锟接烇拷锟紽锟絰锟接ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭猴拷锟斤拷锟窖�锟絫色锟斤拷液锟紺锟斤拷該锟斤拷液锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷F(xi锟斤拷n)e2+锟斤拷锟斤拷D锟斤拷锟絖锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰D锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷锟統锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟絚锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷26

锟斤拷锟斤拷251锟斤拷锟絲锟教硷拷锟斤拷锟侥凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷話锟絞(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷取锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷稀锟絵锟结，锟斤拷锟絘(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟侥氾拷锟絯通锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷石锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟斤拷液變锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絝锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷257锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷同锟街�锟斤拷锟�(g锟斤拷u)锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絔碳鏈�锟斤拷锟�(g锟斤拷u)锟斤拷位锟矫�锟斤拷锟�(g锟斤拷u)锟酵癸拷锟杰團锟斤拷锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷258锟斤拷锟杰團锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟絵锟结反锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷H2N-CH2COOH+HCL→COOH-CH2NH3CL

锟斤拷锟斤拷259锟斤拷锟斤拷類堿锟皆條锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷260锟斤拷锟斤拷試锟斤拷锟絵锟絩锟斤拷锟絵锟叫嗭拷锟斤拷锟角癸拷锟杰團還锟角猴拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟杰團锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷童鞋锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角岋拷锟絵锟斤拷锟絁锟芥）

锟斤拷锟斤拷261锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷烯锟斤拷锟皆發(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟接成凤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟絗锟斤拷2010锟斤拷锟斤拷锟竭匡拷锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷烯锟斤拷碳碳直锟斤拷锟皆嗭拷锟絀锟斤拷锟紹锟斤拷锟斤拷锟杰發(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟接成凤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷262锟斤拷石锟斤拷锟角沒锟叫革拷锟絪锟侥ｏ拷煤炭锟角沒锟叫凤拷锟絪锟斤拷锟斤拷石锟酵凤拷锟絪锟絘(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟絔锟叫碉拷锟斤拷2010锟斤拷锟斤拷锟竭匡拷锟絵

锟斤拷锟斤拷263锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)水锟解到锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟解氨锟斤拷锟结。锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆碉拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)水锟斤拷锟斤拷锟終锟絘(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷榘憋拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷264锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絲锟絣锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷265锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟叫猴拷锟叫帮拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟饺伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫冿拷锟皆ｏ拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紸锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷266锟斤拷石锟斤拷锟窖斤拷锟斤拷锟街�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角高凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷小锟斤拷锟接碉拷锟絕锟教★拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫★拷锟斤拷锟斤拷^锟教ｏ拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷267锟斤拷石锟斤拷锟窖解：锟斤拷锟斤拷鸦锟�锟斤拷锟结供锟叫機锟斤拷锟斤拷原锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷烯锟斤拷锟斤拷烯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷烯锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷268锟斤拷锟窖伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷p锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟截別锟斤拷锟斤拷锟酵的產(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷270锟斤拷只锟斤拷锟饺伙拷锟絚碳锟斤拷锟斤拷c锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷271锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角★拷锟斤拷芽锟角的凤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷同锟斤拷锟斤拷锟竭伙拷锟斤拷同锟街�锟斤拷锟�(g锟斤拷u)锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絕(q锟斤拷)锟街碉拷锟桔猴拷锟絯锟絊锟截ｏ拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷272锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角诧拷锟斤拷锟叫機锟竭凤拷锟接伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷273锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷|(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟节堿锟皆條锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴岋拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟絵锟酵达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴的达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絬锟斤拷直锟斤拷锟紹锟絛锟斤拷锟絟(hu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷記住也要锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(j锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷記锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫旓拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟侥時锟斤拷锟斤拷e锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷277锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷使锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷然锟教硷拷锟揭猴拷锟缴�锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷278锟斤拷原锟接癸拷平锟芥：锟斤拷锟斤拷锟酵ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)锟斤拷4锟斤拷C—H锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷同一平锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷碳原锟斤拷锟絚4锟斤拷原锟斤拷锟轿筹拷4锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絩锟絀锟絩锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絞锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)锟皆硷拷锟斤拷N锟侥匡拷锟絞锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)锟酵ｏ拷5锟斤拷原锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�3锟斤拷原锟接癸拷平锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷279锟斤拷锟斤拷見锟斤拷锟絩锟絀锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)目锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟阶ｏ拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷31g锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絩锟絀锟斤拷1.5NA锟斤拷锟斤拷锟阶的凤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷P4锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫猴拷锟斤拷6锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絩锟絀锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆癸拷锟絩锟絀锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷=31/(31*4锟斤拷*6=1.5石墨锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷1摩锟斤拷石墨锟斤拷锟斤拷1.5摩锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絩锟絀锟斤拷石墨,1锟斤拷C,锟结供3锟斤拷锟斤拷映锟斤拷I,锟轿筹拷1.5锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絩锟絀,1摩锟斤拷石墨锟斤拷1.5mol锟斤拷锟斤拷石锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷1摩锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷石锟斤拷锟斤拷2摩锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絩锟絀锟斤拷锟斤拷石锟斤拷原锟接撅拷锟絯锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷原锟接撅拷锟絯锟斤拷原锟接猴拷锟絀锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)系锟斤拷锟绞癸拷镁锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟紹锟斤拷锟侥傦拷锟絀锟斤拷锟斤拷每锟斤拷锟絀锟斤拷2锟斤拷碳平锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟絀锟侥憋拷锟斤拷1锟斤拷2锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟借：

锟斤拷锟斤拷1molSiO2锟斤拷4mol锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷Si原锟斤拷锟斤拷4锟斤拷锟絩锟斤拷樱锟斤拷c4锟斤拷锟斤拷原锟斤拷锟轿筹拷4锟斤拷Si-O锟斤拷锟絀锟斤拷O原锟斤拷锟斤拷2锟斤拷锟絩锟斤拷锟斤拷c2锟斤拷Si原锟斤拷锟轿筹拷2锟斤拷Si-O锟斤拷锟絀锟斤拷每mol锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷1molSi原锟接猴拷2molO原锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟矫筹拷8mol锟絩锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷2锟斤拷锟絩锟斤拷映锟揭伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷I锟斤拷锟斤拷4molSi-O锟絀锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷278锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟杰凤拷锟絚锟叫斷：

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷1锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷r锟斤拷锟斤拷锟桔凤拷锟絚原锟接撅拷锟絯>锟絰锟接撅拷锟絯>锟斤拷锟接撅拷锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷2锟斤拷锟絰锟接撅拷锟絯锟斤拷原锟接撅拷锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟劫撅拷锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟絚锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)锟斤拷微锟斤拷锟侥半徑锟斤拷小锟缴凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟诫徑越小锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚越锟竭★拷锟斤拷3锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接撅拷锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷原锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷原锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚越锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷278锟斤拷锟紸锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤都锟角斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤不一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角堿锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紽锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟絅锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷279锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟叫碉拷锟紽锟斤拷锟斤拷r锟紽锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絩锟紽锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷280锟斤拷锟紽锟絫锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紽锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紽锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紽锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷281锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭猴拷B(t锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟絬锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紹(t锟斤拷i)全锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷282锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷效锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷碳

锟斤拷锟斤拷283锟斤拷锟洁潮锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟阶ｏ拷锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟叫ｏ拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷284锟斤拷水锟紸锟斤拷同锟洁潮锟斤拷锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟叫ｏ拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷285锟斤拷锟解化锟絎锟斤拷锟紽锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤（锟斤拷锟絳色锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷286锟斤拷锟斤拷锟疥：锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷287锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟秸讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟饺烴

锟斤拷锟斤拷288锟斤拷水锟絉锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷谆锟斤拷锟�

锟斤拷锟斤拷289锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷b锟絜锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷|(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷通锟絕锟接夛拷锟侥凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴�锟斤拷锟筋對锟侥烇拷锟斤拷锟斤拷|(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟缴�锟饺硷拷锟斤拷锟阶冿拷\锟侥烇拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紻(zhu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷290锟斤拷式锟斤拷锟斤拷28锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟叫ｏ拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟斤拷烯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷30

锟斤拷锟斤拷291锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷co2通锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫革拷锟斤拷液锟叫ｏ拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷還锟杰达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷牵锟斤拷锟�2011锟斤拷全锟斤拷锟竭匡拷锟絵锟斤拷H + 锟斤拷NH4 + 锟斤拷Al 3+ 锟斤拷SO4 2-锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷全锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆�锟�锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆環(hu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷H+ NH4+ AL3+ 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷CO2也锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆氾拷锟絯锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟饺�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆癸拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟教纪�锟斤拷蟛划a(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟脚讹拷锟�

锟斤拷锟斤拷CO32- +2H+===H2O +CO2↑331锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絧水锟斤拷Al3+ + 3AlO2- + 6H2O =

锟斤拷锟斤拷4Al(OH)3↓Al3+ + 3HCO3- =

锟斤拷锟斤拷Al(OH)3↓ +3CO2↑2Al3+ + 3CO32- + 3H2O =

锟斤拷锟斤拷2Al(OH)3↓ + 3CO2↑锟斤拷锟絕(q锟斤拷)锟斤拷330锟紷锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷292锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫岋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟絗锟斤拷锟角ｏ拷锟斤拷c锟�锟斤拷锟�

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