锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷1锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟竭斤拷锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷1.锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟侥結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)锟酵癸拷锟杰的伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷位;锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟叫勶拷(d锟斤拷ng)植锟斤拷Y(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)锟侥伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷位锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絔锟叫硷拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷2.锟斤拷思锟�(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷原锟剿硷拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟絕(q锟斤拷)锟絜锟斤拷锟叫無锟皆猴拷膜锟斤拷锟斤拷薜募锟�(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷3.锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟絝锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷(n锟斤拷i)锟捷ｏ拷锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟叫機(j锟斤拷)锟絯锟斤拷一锟叫勶拷(d锟斤拷ng)植锟斤都锟缴硷拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴硷拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟酵硷拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟侥產(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)锟斤拷;锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟侥嗭拷位锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街岋拷锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷同锟組锟缴碉拷锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷;锟铰硷拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆忥拷锟较硷拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟叫產(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷4.锟斤拷锟斤拷系锟統(t锟斤拷ng)锟侥結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)锟接次ｏ拷锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷→锟組锟斤拷→锟斤拷锟斤拷→系锟統(t锟斤拷ng)→锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟絯→锟絅群→群锟斤拷→锟斤拷锟紹(t锟斤拷i)系锟統(t锟斤拷ng)→锟斤拷锟斤拷圈锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节讹拷锟铰組锟缴硷拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟侥凤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷5.锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟叫的伙拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)元锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街达拷锟斤拷元锟截猴拷微锟斤拷元锟截★拷锟組锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟侥伙拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)元锟斤拷锟节無锟紺(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷然锟界都锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭碉拷锟斤拷锟絔锟斤拷一锟絅锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)元锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷械锟�锟斤拷锟絝锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟酵凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟竭統(t锟斤拷ng)一锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷6.锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絚锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絅元锟截碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街达拷锟斤拷同锟斤拷锟絝锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷c锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟竭�锟斤拷锟叫差異锟皆★拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷7.锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫機(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟角碉拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟皆帮拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷位锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)锟缴碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷每锟絅锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷俣锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭伙拷锟�(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷(-NH2)锟斤拷一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟饺伙拷(-COOH)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭讹拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟饺伙拷锟紹锟斤拷锟斤拷同一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)碳原锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紹锟接兩傦拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷拥幕锟斤拷W(xu锟斤拷)锟絀(-NH-CO-)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絀锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷8.一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟絖锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟叫擄拷(d锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟侥癸拷锟斤拷锟叫ｏ拷锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟竭伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(酶)锟斤拷锟絓(y锟斤拷n)輸锟絛锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷息锟斤拷锟絝(锟斤拷锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(锟斤拷锟絯)锟饺★拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷9.锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴猴拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟接猴拷锟斤拷锟紸锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷碳锟角猴拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷M锟斤拷)锟紹锟接讹拷锟缴碉拷锟絃鏈ｏ拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷z锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟角硷拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷(n锟斤拷i)锟統锟斤拷锟絲锟斤拷锟斤拷息锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷锟絲锟斤拷锟斤拷變锟斤拷锟酵碉拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷铣锟斤拷芯锟斤拷袠O锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紻NA锟斤拷RNA锟缴種锟斤拷DNA锟缴兩條脫锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷鏈橈拷(g锟斤拷u)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紸锟斤拷锟斤拷A锟斤拷T锟斤拷G锟斤拷C锟斤拷RNA锟斤拷一锟絣锟斤拷锟角猴拷锟斤拷锟斤拷鏈橈拷(g锟斤拷u)锟缴ｏ拷锟紸锟斤拷锟斤拷A锟斤拷U锟斤拷G锟斤拷C锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷10.锟斤拷锟斤拷羌锟�(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷源锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟铰分烇拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角和讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷M锟缴嗭拷位锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷植锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷(n锟斤拷i)锟侥冿拷(ch锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟角碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿和勶拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷(n锟斤拷i)锟侥冿拷(ch锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷原(锟斤拷锟斤拷原锟酵硷拷锟斤拷原)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷11.脂锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷脂锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷脂锟酵固达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷脂锟斤拷锟角硷拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟矫的冿拷(ch锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷);锟斤拷脂锟角橈拷(g锟斤拷u)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷膜锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟缴凤拷;膽锟教达拷锟角橈拷(g锟斤拷u)锟缴硷拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷膜锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟缴分ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷(n锟斤拷i)還锟斤拷锟絚血液锟斤拷脂锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷12.锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷碳鏈烇拷羌埽锟斤拷锟斤拷S锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟紹锟接成讹拷锟斤拷w锟斤拷C锟角橈拷(g锟斤拷u)锟缴硷拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟侥伙拷锟斤拷元锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷13.一锟斤拷锟斤拷f锟斤拷水锟节硷拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟侥革拷锟絅锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟絝锟缴凤拷锟叫猴拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷水锟节硷拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟酵結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷水锟缴種锟斤拷式锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絕锟襟部凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷水锟角硷拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟組锟缴成凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟角硷拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟杰勶拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷14.锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟叫达拷锟斤拷锟�(sh锟斤拷)锟給锟紺(j锟斤拷)锟絵锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟給锟紺(j锟斤拷)锟絵锟斤拷锟节維锟街硷拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟矫★拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟铰硷拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟侥伙拷锟斤拷锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)

锟斤拷锟斤拷15.锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷膜锟斤拷要锟斤拷脂锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟酵碉拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟組锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷脂锟絧锟斤拷锟接岋拷锟角伙拷锟斤拷锟角架ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷越锟斤拷(f锟斤拷)锟絪锟侥硷拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷膜锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟侥種類和旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷越锟洁。锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷膜锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟紷一锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)锟斤拷锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷透锟絕锟斤拷锟紷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆★拷锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷膜锟侥癸拷锟斤拷锟叫ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟絟(hu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟街革拷锟絖;锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟組(j锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷(锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷);锟組(j锟斤拷n)锟叫硷拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絞锟斤拷锟斤拷息锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷16.锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟节岋拷植锟斤細(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷支锟街和憋拷锟給(h锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷植锟斤細(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟节碉拷锟斤拷要锟缴凤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟絊锟截和癸拷锟絲锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷17.锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟角活細(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟組(j锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角綠染液锟角岋拷一锟斤拷染锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟侥活細(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷染锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷18.锟絶锟紾锟絯锟角綠色植锟斤拷锟組(j锟斤拷n)锟叫癸拷锟斤拷锟斤拷玫膱锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷19.锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟角硷拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷铣蔀榈帮拷锟斤拷|(zh锟斤拷)锟侥堬拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷20.锟斤拷(n锟斤拷i)锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟絎(w锟斤拷ng)锟角硷拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟较成和加癸拷锟斤拷锟皆硷拷脂锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟较成碉拷車锟絞锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷21.锟竭狅拷锟斤拷锟絯锟絚锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤細(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟侥凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街诧拷锛�(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟侥硷拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟节碉拷锟轿筹拷锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷22.锟斤拷酶锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷車锟絞锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟絅锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥凤拷锟斤拷锟角诧拷锟斤拷锟絰锟侥凤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷23.锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟絚锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟侥承╋拷偷锟街诧拷锛�(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫絲锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷24.锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷膜锟酵硷拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷膜锟斤拷锟斤拷膜锟饺結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)锟斤拷锟斤拷同锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)锟缴硷拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷膜系锟統(t锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟节硷拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絚锟解部锟絟(hu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟組(j锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟絓(y锟斤拷n)輸锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紻(zhu锟斤拷n)锟絈锟斤拷锟斤拷息锟斤拷锟絝锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絈锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷25.锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絲锟斤拷锟斤拷息锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角硷拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟絲锟斤拷锟侥匡拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷26.模锟酵碉拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷模锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷模锟酵★拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟絎(xu锟斤拷)模锟酵碉拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟铰硷拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)輸锟斤拷锟捷旓拷锟�

锟斤拷锟斤拷27.锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷膜锟斤拷液锟斤拷膜锟皆硷拷锟缴岋拷膜之锟絞锟侥硷拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟絈锟斤拷原锟斤拷锟接★拷原锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟洁當(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷一锟接帮拷透膜锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷28. 锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷膜锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷膜锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷透锟絕锟斤拷膜锟斤拷锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷膜锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟角赌ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷脂锟斤拷锟接和达拷锟斤拷锟�(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟接匡拷锟斤拷锟絓(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟侥★拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷29.锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷膜锟絓(y锟斤拷n)輸?sh锟斤拷)姆锟绞斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷蓴U(ku锟斤拷)散锟斤拷锟絝(xi锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟経(ku锟斤拷)散锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟絓(y锟斤拷n)輸锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷拥锟斤拷\(y锟斤拷n)輸锟角帮拷锟教和帮拷锟铰★拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟絛锟絯锟斤拷锟角協(xi锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟経(ku锟斤拷)散锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟絓(y锟斤拷n)輸锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟絓(y锟斤拷n)輸锟斤拷锟斤拷锟教和帮拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟铰硷拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷30.锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟�(y锟斤拷n)锟絕锟斤拷锟叫匡拷锟斤拷變锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟截稱锟斤拷變锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿烇拷锟阶冿拷锟阶冿拷锟斤拷Q锟斤拷锟斤拷變锟斤拷;锟絊锟斤拷锟斤拷變锟斤拷锟斤拷變锟斤拷锟斤拷變锟斤拷锟斤拷變锟斤拷锟絈锟斤拷锟斤拷變锟斤拷;锟斤拷锟斤拷變锟斤拷锟斤拷锟阶冿拷锟斤拷Q锟斤拷o锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)變锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷31.锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟解，锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟截讹拷锟斤拷锟街诧拷變锟侥岋拷(sh锟斤拷)锟�(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟秸岋拷(sh锟斤拷)锟�(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟絆(sh锟斤拷)锟矫岋拷锟秸組锟酵岋拷(sh锟斤拷)锟�(y锟斤拷n)锟組锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷32.锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷每锟絩(sh锟斤拷)每锟教讹拷锟組(j锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絊锟洁化锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟統(t锟斤拷ng)锟絈锟介細(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷33.锟斤拷锟接從筹拷锟紹(t锟斤拷i)變?y锟斤拷u)锟斤拷锟斤拷装l(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟侥伙拷锟絊锟斤拷B(t锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絈锟斤拷罨�锟斤拷锟斤拷同锟給锟紺(j锟斤拷)锟竭伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷酶锟斤拷锟酵活化锟杰碉拷锟斤拷锟矫革拷锟紷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷呋锟叫э拷矢锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷34.酶锟角活細(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絘(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟侥撅拷锟叫催伙拷锟斤拷锟矫碉拷锟叫機(j锟斤拷)锟斤，锟斤拷锟叫絕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(sh锟斤拷)酶锟角碉拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟劫旓拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷RNA锟斤拷酶锟侥催伙拷锟斤拷锟矫撅拷锟叫革拷效锟皆和岋拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷酶锟侥催伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟絤锟剿的溫度猴拷pH值锟饺條锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷35.ATP锟斤拷锟接猴拷式锟斤拷A-P~P~P锟斤拷锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷(n锟斤拷i)ATP锟絚ADP锟洁互锟紻(zhu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟紺(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥癸拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟叫絕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷ATP直锟斤拷锟结供锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷36.锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟紸锟轿分別锟节硷拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟酵撅拷锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷(n锟斤拷i)膜锟斤拷锟組(j锟斤拷n)锟叫ｏ拷 CO2锟节第讹拷锟紸锟轿產(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟节碉拷锟斤拷锟紸锟轿產(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟給锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节硷拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟組(j锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷母锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟轿�锟斤拷锟斤拷臒o锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷也锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟酵★拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷莘锟斤拷{(l锟斤拷n)锟絙锟斤拷CO2(锟絳(l锟斤拷n)變锟紾變锟絊)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絫锟斤拷锟斤拷b锟狡撅拷(锟斤拷色變锟缴灰綠色)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷37.锟絶锟紾锟斤拷a.锟斤拷锟絶锟紾锟斤拷b锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絳(l锟斤拷n)锟较癸拷图t锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷锟截猴拷锟絶锟絊锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絳(l锟斤拷n)锟较癸拷锟斤拷锟街诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷w锟侥憋拷膜锟较★拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷38.锟解反锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟紸锟轿的伙拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷w锟侥憋拷膜锟斤拷锟組(j锟斤拷n)锟叫碉拷锟斤拷锟絘(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷[H]锟斤拷ATP锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟紸锟轿的伙拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟紾锟絯锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟組(j锟斤拷n)锟叫碉拷锟斤拷锟叫沒锟叫光都锟斤拷锟斤拷锟組(j锟斤拷n)锟叫★拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟结尫诺锟斤拷锟饺�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷39.影響癸拷锟斤拷锟斤拷脧锟�(qi锟斤拷ng)锟饺的環(hu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷碳锟斤拷取锟剿�锟街讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟秸忥拷(qi锟斤拷ng)锟饺★拷锟斤拷某煞锟斤拷约锟斤拷囟鹊母叩偷锟�锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟铰硷拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絭锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷40.锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷e锟絚锟絯锟絜锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)系锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿硷拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絃锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷41.锟洁細(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷芫锟斤拷锟斤拷_始锟斤拷要锟斤拷(j锟斤拷ng)锟絕锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷殖锟酵分伙拷锟斤拷u锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷w锟斤拷锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷殖锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷锟絃锟斤拷锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷殖锟斤拷锟絲锟斤拷锟侥伙拷锟紸(ch锟斤拷)锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷42.锟斤拷思锟�(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟侥凤拷锟窖凤拷式锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絅锟斤拷锟叫絲锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟給锟絲锟斤拷锟窖★拷锟絧锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷43.锟紹锟絤(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟窖的硷拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟轿凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷蓵r(sh锟斤拷)锟絖始锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟轿凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷蔀锟街�锟斤拷锟紷一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节帮拷锟斤拷锟缴傦拷(g锟斤拷)锟紸锟轿ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絞锟节和凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节的大部分時(sh锟斤拷)锟絞處锟节凤拷锟斤拷锟絞锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絞锟节烇拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷M(j锟斤拷n)锟叫伙拷锟絊锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷(zh锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紻NA锟斤拷锟接的忥拷(f锟斤拷)锟狡猴拷锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟侥合筹拷锟斤拷同锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絤锟饺碉拷锟斤拷锟絃锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷44.锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节分烇拷锟侥傦拷(g锟斤拷)锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟节ｏ拷前锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节★拷末锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絒锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫絲锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絙片锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟教為：锟斤拷锟絰→漂洗→染色→锟斤拷片锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷45.锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟叫絲锟斤拷锟窖碉拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟角岋拷锟紿锟斤拷锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷染色锟絯锟斤拷(j锟斤拷ng)锟絕锟斤拷(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟皆后，撅拷锟絖锟斤拷平锟斤拷锟斤拷锟戒到锟缴傦拷(g锟斤拷)锟接硷拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷去锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紿锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接达拷锟絞锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絲锟斤拷锟皆狅拷姆锟�(w锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷z锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷46.锟給锟絲锟斤拷锟窖ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷锟叫沒锟叫筹拷锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟絅锟絲锟斤拷染色锟絯锟斤拷變锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷47.锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟街伙拷锟角伙拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷_(d锟斤拷)锟侥結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤個(g锟斤拷)锟絯锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟侥伙拷锟紸(ch锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷吒锟斤拷N锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟杰碉拷效锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷48.锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷全锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷指锟窖分伙拷锟侥硷拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆撅拷锟叫發(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟絯锟侥濓拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟竭度分伙拷锟斤拷植锟斤細(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷然锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷全锟斤拷锟皆★拷锟窖分伙拷锟侥勶拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟侥硷拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角撅拷锟斤拷全锟斤拷锟皆碉拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷49.锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絈锟斤拷锟侥硷拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟皆勶拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絕锟教ｏ拷也锟絈锟介細(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷50.锟斤拷锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫ｏ拷锟杰夛拷o锟斤拷锟斤拷殖锟斤拷锟轿態(t锟斤拷i)锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷變锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷l(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷變锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷51.锟铰帮拷锟斤拷锟接达拷锟铰分烇拷锟斤拷類ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟铰帮拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟铰帮拷锟斤拷锟接和诧拷锟斤拷锟铰帮拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷原锟斤拷锟斤拷原锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷职锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷突變锟斤拷锟斤拷變锟斤拷一锟絅锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷鄯e效锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷